2020 teacher qualification certificate "comprehensive quality" digital kaodian

(A) historical knowledge

Qi established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first slave country in China's history.

The Yuan Dynasty (127 1-1368) established by Mongols was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in China history.

The first unified centralized feudal country in the history of China? Qin dynasty.

Osawa Township (Chen Guang) Uprising? The first large-scale peasant uprising in history.

Grand Canal: The longest canal in the ancient world.

Treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's modern history.

19 17 years, the Russian October Revolution was the first socialist revolution to win in human history. The first victory of the socialist revolution in a country became a reality and opened a new era in human history.

Xia is the earliest astronomical calendar work in China.

Zhouyi is the earliest divination book in China.

The record of Halley's comet in Spring and Autumn Annals is recognized as the earliest record of Halley's comet in the world.

"taichu calendar", when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, astronomers made the first complete almanac of China, and began to take the first month as the beginning of the year.

Zhou Pianzhi Shu Jing is regarded as the earliest astronomical work in China and the oldest arithmetic book in China.

Code of hammurabi is the first relatively complete written code discovered so far in human history.

(2) common sense of science and technology

1, agrobiology

"Heavenly Creations" written by Song Dynasty is the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production, which is known as? China17th century craft encyclopedia? .

Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica is the first complete monograph on pharmacology in China, written by Shennong.

1973, Yuan Longping was the first to develop hybrid rice which can be planted in a large area. Known as? Father of hybrid rice? .

Tu Youyou is the first native scientist in China to win the Nobel Prize in Science and the first scientist in China to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

2. Space technology

1999, the first unmanned test spacecraft? Shenzhou I? Take off in Jiuquan.

In 2003, Shenzhou 5-China became the first manned spacecraft, and the astronaut was Yang Liwei.

20 1 1 year, China's first target aircraft and space laboratory Tiangong-1 successfully completed the docking mission.

In 20 17, C9 19 passenger plane made its first flight. According to the latest international airworthiness standards, this is the first trunk civil aircraft with independent intellectual property rights in China.

On June 5438 +2020 10, FAST started to run. What was its name? 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST)? Is the largest single aperture and the most sensitive radio telescope in the world.

3. abroad

Madame Curie discovered radioactive substances radium and polonium and became the first Nobel Prize winner.

The first artificial earth satellite? Soviet Union: USS Putnik.

The first atomic bomb? America.

The first nuclear reactor-America.

The first nuclear power plant? Soviet Union.

(3) Common sense of literature

The Book of Songs? China's first collection of poems included 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "Three Hundred Poems". By purpose and music? Wind? Huh? Ode? Three parts, the main performance techniques are? Fu? Than? Xing? .

Songs of the South is China's first collection of romantic poems, which includes such immortal masterpieces as Li Sao, Jiu Ge, Jiu Zhang and Tian Wen created by Qu Yuan.

Li Sao is the first political lyric poem in the history of China literature. With the "national style" in the Book of Songs? Sao? .

The Warring States Policy is a work of national history.

Historical records? The first biography is a general history. The whole book is divided into five parts: biography, family background, biographies and books, which is the first part of the twenty-fifth history.

Hanshu (the first biographical dynastic history; The Eastern Han Ban Gu compiled).

Searching for God is China's first collection of short stories.

Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty organized a large number of scholars to compile Sikuquanshu, which was the largest series in the world at that time.

The Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of China literature, was written by Lu Xun.

Li Qingzhao: A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative figure of graceful and restrained ci school. The first talented woman in history? Known as.

Tao Yuanming: Mr Wuliu, also known as Qian, is the first pastoral poet in China. His representative works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Gui Xi Ci and so on.

Mo Yan: The first Chinese-American writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature, his masterpiece Red Sorghum Family.

Mao Dun Literature Award? This is the first literary prize named after a person established in New China.

Petrarch: Italian scholar, poet, the first humanist in the Renaissance, known as? Father of the Renaissance? .

Tagore: Indian writer, the first writer in Asia to win the Nobel Prize, such as Chittaglia, Birds, Crescent Moon and Gardener.

Second, the quantity? 2?

Sima Qian and Sima Xiangru: Two Sima in the Western Han Dynasty.

Yuefu: Mulan Ci and Peacock Flying Southeast.

Historiography: Historical Records and History as a Mirror

Two beats: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)

Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.

Xiao: Li Shangyin, Du Mu

The Gemini of China's Modern Literary World: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.

Third, quantity? 3?

Three friends: pine, bamboo and plum.

Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: the father is the child guide, the gentleman is the minister guide, and the husband is the wife guide; The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San: Fuxi, Suirenshi and Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Three Caos: Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi.

Three Sus: Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe.

There are three grades in the court exam: the champion, the champion and the flower exploration.

Three words: De, De and Xing Deyan (Feng Menglong)

Three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.

Du Fu: Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.

Three farewells: farewell to the wedding, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness.

Ba Jin: Riptide Trilogy: Home, Spring and Autumn

Love trilogy: fog, rain and electricity

Mao Dun: The Trilogy of Eclipse: Disillusionment, Hesitation and Pursuit

Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter

Three outstanding Renaissance literature: Dante's Divine Comedy; Petrarch, the father of the Renaissance; Boccaccio decameron.

Three outstanding short stories: Mo Bosang (French); O Henry (USA); Chekhov (Russia)

Fourth, quantity? 4?

Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

Four Great Calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.

Four masters of regular script: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Mengfu.

Four calligraphy styles: regular script, cursive script, official script and seal script.

Four Treasures of the Study: Pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

Four Arts of Ancient Scholars: Qin, Chess, Books and Painting

Four diagnostic methods in traditional Chinese medicine: looking, smelling, asking and feeling.

Four brothers: Uncle (Meng) Zhong

Four beauties in ancient times: Shen Yu, Wang Zhaojun, the wild goose, and the moon-closed shame.

Four Elephants: Dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu. Representing the east, west, south and north directions respectively.

Four famous buildings: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, Wang Teng Pavilion in Nanchang and Penglai Pavilion.

The four masters of Yuan Opera: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.

Wu Tongyu, The Orphan of Zhao, Han Qiu and Dou E Yuan are the four tragedies of Yuan Qu.

Four ancient love dramas: The West Chamber, Moon Pavilion, Ghost Story and On the Wall.

Shakespeare's four comedies: The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream and All Are Happy;

Four tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.

Four misers: Shylock, Abagong, Bolyushin and Grandet.

5. Numbers? 5?

Five Classics: The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu.

Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

Five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.

Five Lakes: Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Hongze Lake.

6. Numbers? 6?

Six arts: ceremony, music, calligraphy, counting, shooting and obedience.

Six meanings of the Book of Songs: wind, elegance, praise, fu, comparison and glory.

There are six books on word-making: pictographic characters, exegetical characters, knowing characters, pictophonetic characters, phonetic characters and borrowed characters.

Six departments: Household Department, Official Department, Ritual Department, Military Department, Criminal Department and Ministry of Industry.

Six relatives: father, mother, brother, brother, wife and son.

7. Numbers? 7?

Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period: Zhao, Wei, Han, Qi, Qin, Chu and Yan.

Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest: Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling.

Seven sons of Jian 'an: Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Liu Zhen.

Seven ancient capitals: Beijing, Xi, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Anyang.

Eight, numbers? 8?

Eight festivals: beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice.

Eight diagrams: dry, Kun, true, smoked, watched, reasoned, rooted and right.

Symbols: heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountains, mountains.

Nine, numbers? 9?

Kyushu: Ji, Yan, Qing, Jing, Yang, Liang, Yong, Xu and Yu.

Nine clans: great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, father, self, son, grandson, great-grandson and great-grandson.

10. Numbers? 10? And above

Ten classic tragedies of China:

Yuan, The Orphan of Zhao, Zhongjing Banner, Green Shop, Peach Blossom Fan, Autumn Colors in Han Palace, Pipa Story, Jiao Hong Story, Palace of Eternal Life and Leifeng Pagoda.

Ten classic comedies in China:

Save the wind and dust, The Jade Hairpin, The West Chamber, The Slave of Money, On the Wall, The Negative Beauty of Li Kui jy, The Lady's Story, The Wolf in Zhongshan, The Mistake of Kite, The Green Peony.

Ten-day cadres: A, B, C, D, E, G, Xin, Ren and Gui.

Ten schools: Legalists, Taoists, Mohists, Confucianists, Yin and Yang, famous artists, miscellaneous artists, farmhouse music, strategists and novelists.

Twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai.

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