The reason of more precipitation in northern Xinjiang (north of Tianshan Mountain and south of Altai Mountain)

Xinjiang lives in the deep inland, far away from the ocean, surrounded by mountains, and it is difficult for humid marine air to enter, forming an extremely dry continental climate. The climate in Xinjiang has many characteristics, such as sunny days, strong sunshine, little rain, dryness, hot Leng Xia in winter, large temperature difference between day and night, and many sandstorms.

The most striking feature of Xinjiang's climate is "dryness". Because of the dryness, low air humidity, less clouds and less rain, Wan Li is often a clear Wan Li; Because of dryness, almost all the heat provided by the sun to the ground is used to heat the earth and the air, and the ground soil is very dry and cannot be evaporated to cool down, so the temperature is high during the day in summer, and at night, due to the lack of thermal insulation capacity in Gobi, the ground temperature drops very quickly, resulting in a particularly large temperature difference between day and night; Because it is dry, the vegetation on the ground is sparse, and it will be dusty when it is windy, especially on the Gobi Desert. This dry climate in Xinjiang is also characterized by less precipitation. The annual precipitation in most parts of northern Xinjiang is only about 200 mm, while that in southern Xinjiang is less than 100 mm. The places with more precipitation in Xinjiang are mainly Tianshan Mountain and Altai Mountain, where it is snowy in winter and spring, rainy in summer and autumn, the air is relatively humid and the ground vegetation is rich. The annual precipitation in Tianshan mountain area is about 500 mm, which is similar to that in North China Plain, and about 800 mm near Gongnaisi forest area, which is similar to that in Huaihe River Basin. These mountainous areas are not only rich in precipitation, but also stable in annual precipitation, which provides very favorable conditions for agricultural irrigation water in mountain basins and valleys and piedmont plain oases.

The second feature of Xinjiang's climate is Leng Xia fever in winter. Because Siberian air is very cold in winter, this cold air will erupt southward under the guidance of favorable high-altitude circulation when it accumulates to a certain extent, which is the cold wave (commonly known as the cold wave) that directly affects the climate in Xinjiang. The summer temperature in most parts of Xinjiang is high, and the hottest degree in southern Xinjiang is higher than that in northern Xinjiang. The most prominent is Turpan, the hottest month (July), with an average temperature of 40℃ and an extreme maximum temperature of 49.6℃, ranking first in the country.

Another feature of Xinjiang's climate is the large daily temperature difference (the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature between day and night is called daily temperature difference). Generally, the temperature rises quickly during the day and drops greatly at night. Daily maximum temperature ranges from 20℃ to 25℃ in many places. The large daily temperature difference is conducive to the accumulation of carbohydrates in fruits and vegetables, so melons, watermelons, grapes, apricots, peaches and pears in Xinjiang are particularly sweet and delicious.

Adequate sunshine is also a major feature of Xinjiang's climate. The annual sunshine time in Xinjiang is between 2,550 and 3,500 hours, ranking among the best in all provinces in China. Sufficient sunshine strengthens the photosynthesis of plants and has a good effect on the growth and development of light-loving crops such as cotton.

Xinjiang not only has sufficient sunshine hours, but also receives a large amount of total solar radiation energy on the ground, which is second only to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.

Because there are many mountain passes and passes in Xinjiang, strong winds are prone to occur when cold air invades, which is also a feature of Xinjiang's climate. The windy time around is in spring. Along the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, the "Lisanfeng District" in the northwest of Turpan and the "Bailifeng District" in the 13th room of Hami, the number of windy days with magnitude 8 or above exceeded 100, and there were accidents in which the train was blocked by hurricanes.

Xinjiang is endowed with unique climatic resources, and the utilization prospects of light energy, solar energy and wind energy are broad and beautiful.