Philosophical thinking

Philosophy? Recommended editor: the fourth is the hall owner.

Highlight: How will learning change people? This paper analyzes from the psychological level, and standardizes the influence of knowledge on people by integrating theory with practice, aiming at telling readers that learning has changed real life and improved people's thinking. It is a rare good article.

How will learning change people? For example, many people say that reading is good, cultivating sentiment, purifying the soul, mastering knowledge and so on. But no one has ever made a standardized division of the influence of reading and learning on people from the psychological level. This paper speculates that the author's personal experience only represents his personal views.

The acquired knowledge development of human beings can be divided into five stages, namely: ignorance-extremes-initial understanding of feeling/rationality-common sense and rationality-common sense.

The so-called acquired knowledge refers to people's understanding of the environment, society and even all knowledge after birth. This kind of understanding is acquired through learning, not fixed by nature.

Generally speaking, the typical characteristics of the five stages are: ignorant people follow the crowd, extreme people insist on their own opinions, emotional people are easily influenced but know how to repent, rational people objectively plan the overall situation, people with common sense and rationality are infinitely charming, and knowledgeable people are far-sighted.

First of all, let's talk about the ignorance stage. It can be said that everyone has experienced it, but the length of stay at this stage is different. There is no certain standard for this, but it should start from the rebellious period of adolescence (10 ~ 12 years old), because by this time, it has been proved that it has formed its own unique internal concept. In ancient society, people who may be ignorant as adults accounted for the vast majority, but now that compulsory education has been popularized, such people are very few. If there are, they are people who don't study at school or leave school.

In the ignorant stage, because he has not established his own outlook on life and values, he shows the characteristics of echoing others' opinions. He thinks that what others say is good. If others say it is not good, he feels bad, which is a manifestation of conformity in cognition.

The extreme stage, starting from the reversal period, is a very long stage. This stage can be said to be the most in today's society, but all people with one-sided cognition and simple and rude behavior belong to this stage. You can take a look. People who are guided by public opinion to promote cyber violence should be. In addition to these netizens who are led by the nose with good and evil ideas, there are many extreme people, such as Ma Baonan, Fu, and those who are desperate for those who don't love themselves. They cling to the highest level of faith in some things, only to touch themselves.

In addition to this typical extremist, there are some extremists who are not easily noticed, such as those who preach religious superstitions, those who despise traditional culture by superstitious science, and those who put themselves and their families in trouble in order to help others. Especially this last one, some people will ask: Is it extreme to sacrifice yourself to save others? Of course, heroic self-sacrifice is not. I'm talking about another situation. This kind of person holds the extremes of treating others and self-sacrifice. Today's society is not built by one person or several people's desperate dedication, because it is "private" for everyone and gathers into "public" for the whole society. Everyone is a member of society and has the right to pursue happiness. There must be a "win-win" golden section between others and their own interests, that is, harming others and benefiting others. If everyone does this, society will surely become the best home.

A man spent all his money to support students. He only ate steamed bread and pickles all the year round, and finally got stomach cancer. I didn't expect that most of the students he supported accused him. Why? Naturally, there is a mentality of advocating and opposing Mien, but there is another one, that is, this person doesn't care about himself, which puts a lot of moral pressure on the grantee, and finally can only relieve the pressure by discrediting the benefactor. If this person can provide some work content when subsidizing students, it will not only improve students' lives, but also help them earn money with peace of mind, cultivate their fighting spirit and improve their social skills and self-confidence. Isn't this way of killing two birds with one stone "win-win"?

As for "superstitious" science, science and superstition are opposites. How do they work together? In fact, this situation really exists. Some people blindly worship science, have no doubt about what is determined by science, and blindly deny what is uncertain by science. For example, the so-called "hunger therapy" in the west means that proper starvation is good for people, and people who are superstitious about science regard it as the golden rule, regardless of the general obesity in the west and the particularity of people with weak health and hypoglycemia. Some people say that Chinese medicine is useless, because the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements of Chinese medicine has not been scientifically proved, so it must be false. So if your family has not done paternity test with you, can't you prove your blood relationship? Why do you call somebody else's mom and dad when the relationship is uncertain? There is no scientific way to prove the love between lovers. Are they all divided into groups of strangers?

In fact, scientific achievements only proved temporary achievements at that time, just like the dispute between "geocentric theory" and "Heliocentrism", which was finally found to be biased, so people who are superstitious about science are also extreme. Similarly, people who are "superstitious" about Chinese medicine are also deceived by scammers. This stage can correspond to the "negative attribution demand" stage of psychology.

Extreme rise to the primary stage of feeling/rationality can only be achieved by learning a way.

The third stage, sensibility or rationality. People at this stage are often exploring and perfecting their outlook on life and values. At the same time, it can also show a certain personal charm. Perception is the stage of romanticism, and reason is the stage of realism. People in the perceptual stage are easily dominated by emotions; People in the rational stage can look at things objectively and fairly based on facts.

At this stage, the beauty of knowledge has been fully presented, and the learning process is full of fun. But the disadvantage is that the accepted truth is not easy to change. This is because their ideas can explain most of the things they have experienced. This deep-rooted concept of judgment either collapses or stands up. Because some important things conflict with one's own ideas, it leads to confusion and new thinking, thus expanding a new realm. Either accumulate wealth and thin hair, and naturally break through this realm through continuous learning.

The fourth stage, common sense. People at this stage, their charm is really unparalleled from the inside out. Like a doctor, it is definitely a rational profession, but a good doctor can stand in the patient's position and think for the patient, and the doctor-patient communication skills have also reached a new level. This is the connection between reason and sensibility. Similarly, a romantic lyric poet, after reaching the extreme, will be promoted to the position of paying attention to reality and leading the trend. Isn't that what Du Fu did? This is the common charm of reason.

We can know that the beginning of perceptual rationality is a single sensibility or rationality, while the commonality is both.

The fifth stage is to acquire knowledge. At this stage, a lot of knowledge has been integrated, and he is a veritable wise man. He is far-sighted and carefree because of his concern. Of course, such people are rare and belong to the theoretical realm.

These five stages of knowledge belong to the development of acquired knowledge. Acquired knowledge and innate character work together on people and should be treated comprehensively. Just like a person's IQ is born, but wisdom is cultivated. But there is no doubt that the growth of knowledge will inevitably have a positive impact on people, and it will also gradually improve the defects of innate character through continuous learning.