How to write the post responsibility of warehouse storage?

automated warehouse

The emergence and development of warehouses is the result of the development of production and technology after the Second World War. In the early 1950 s, the three-dimensional warehouse of bridge stacking crane appeared in the United States; At the end of 1950s and the beginning of 1960s, the three-dimensional warehouse of roadway stacker operated by drivers appeared. 1963, the United States took the lead in adopting computer control technology in overhead warehouses and established the first computer-controlled three-dimensional warehouse. Since then, automated warehouse has developed rapidly in the United States and Europe, and formed a special discipline. In the mid-1960s, Japan began to build three-dimensional warehouses, which developed faster and faster and became one of the countries with the largest number of automated three-dimensional warehouses in the world.

It is not too late to develop three-dimensional warehouse and its material handling equipment. 1963 developed the first bridge stacker, 1973 developed the first computer-controlled automatic three-dimensional warehouse in China (15m high), and 198 put the warehouse into operation. By the end of 2003, the number of automated three-dimensional warehouses in China has exceeded two. Stereo warehouse has become an indispensable storage technology for enterprise logistics and production management because of its high space utilization rate, strong ability to enter and exit the warehouse, and computer control and management, which is conducive to the implementation of modern management in enterprises.

Automated warehouse is a complex automation system, which consists of three-dimensional shelves, railway roadway stackers, in-and-out pallet conveying systems, size detection bar code reading systems, communication systems, automatic control systems, computer monitoring systems, computer management systems and other auxiliary equipment such as wire and cable bridge power distribution cabinets, pallets, adjustment platforms and steel structure platforms. Using the first-class comprehensive logistics concept, advanced control, bus, communication and information technology, through the coordinated action of the above equipment, develop warehousing operations.

building

According to the architectural form, it can be divided into integral type and split type.

(1) Integral type: It means that the shelf not only stores goods, but also serves as a supporting structure of the building, which constitutes a part of the building, that is, the overall structure of the warehouse shelf. Generally, the overall height is greater than12m. The advantages of this warehouse are light weight, good integrity and good seismic performance.

(2) Separated: The shelves for storing goods separately exist independently in the building. The separation height is below 12m, but there are also 15m to 2m. It is suitable to use the original building as a warehouse, or to build high shelf places in factories and warehouses.

Cargo storage

According to the storage and retrieval forms of goods, it is divided into unit shelf type, mobile shelf type and picking shelf type.

(1) unit shelf type: unit shelf type is a common form of warehouse. Goods are first placed in pallets or containers, and then loaded into the cargo space of unit shelves.

(2) Mobile shelf type: The mobile shelf type consists of electric shelves, which can walk on the track, and the control device controls the closing and separation of the shelves. When working, the shelves are separated, and the work can be carried out in the roadway; When not working, the shelves can be closed, leaving only one working roadway, which improves the space utilization rate.

(3) Picking frame: Picking mechanism is the core part of picking frame, which is divided into two ways: picking in the roadway and picking outside the roadway. "Picking goods before arrival" means that the picker picks out the required quantity of goods from the cargo compartment before taking the picking stacker to the cargo compartment. "Pick-up on arrival" means that pallets or containers containing the required goods are transported from the stacker to the pick-up area, and the picker picks out the required goods according to the requirements of the bill of lading, and then sends the remaining goods back to their original places.

Shelf structure

Can be divided into unit cargo format, straight-through, horizontal rotary, vertical rotary.

(1) unit goods warehouse: similar to the unit shelf type, the roadway occupies about one third of the area.

(2) Straight-through type: In order to improve the utilization rate of the warehouse, the lanes between rows of shelves can be cancelled, and the single shelves can be merged together, so that the goods of each floor and the same column can be connected with each other, forming a channel that can store multiple goods units at one time, and the goods can be picked up by the outbound crane at the other end, becoming a straight-through warehouse. According to the movement mode of cargo units in the channel, the through warehouse can be divided into gravity shelf warehouse and shuttle trolley shelf warehouse. Gravity shelf warehouse can only store the same kind of goods in each inventory channel, so it is suitable for warehouses with more goods and fewer varieties. Shuttle cars can be transported by cranes from one inventory aisle to another.

(3) Shelves of horizontal rotating warehouse: This warehouse itself can run back and forth along a circular route in the horizontal plane. Each group of shelves consists of several independent containers, which are connected in series by chain conveyors. A support roller is arranged below each container, and a guide roller is arranged above each container. When the conveyor belt runs, the containers move accordingly. When you need to pick up a certain kind of goods, you only need to issue delivery instructions on the operating platform. When the container containing the required goods is transferred to the port of delivery, the shelves stop running. This kind of shelf is very suitable for picking small objects. Simple and practical, make full use of space, suitable for occasions with low working frequency.

(4) Vertical rotating shelf warehouse: similar to horizontal rotating shelf warehouse, except that the rotation in the horizontal plane is changed to the rotation in the vertical plane. This kind of shelf is especially suitable for storing long rolls of goods, such as carpets, floor leather, film rolls, cable rolls and so on.

engineering data

design

The design of each automated warehouse is divided into several main stages, and each stage has its own goals.

(A) the preparatory work before the design

1. Understand the site conditions of the library, including meteorological, topographic, geological conditions, foundation bearing capacity, snow load, earthquake conditions and other environmental impacts.

2. In the overall design of automated warehouse, many specialties such as machinery, structure, electricity and civil engineering intersect and restrict each other, which requires the third-party logistics enterprises to consider the needs of each specialty when designing. For example, the movement accuracy of machinery should be selected according to the accuracy of structural production and the settlement accuracy of civil engineering.

3. It is necessary to formulate the investment and staffing plan of the third-party logistics enterprise in the warehousing system to determine the scale and mechanization and automation degree of the warehousing system.

4. Investigate other information related to the storage system of third-party logistics enterprises, such as the source of goods, the traffic conditions connecting warehouses, the packaging of goods, the handling methods of goods, the final destination of goods and the means of transportation.

(2) Selection and planning of warehouses

The selection and layout of the warehouse is of great significance to the infrastructure investment, logistics cost and working conditions of the warehouse system. Considering the urban planning and the overall operation of the third-party logistics enterprises, it is best to choose the automated three-dimensional warehouse near the transportation hubs such as ports, docks and freight stations, or near the production place or raw material production place, or near the main sales market, which can greatly reduce the cost of the third-party logistics enterprises. Whether the yard address is reasonable or not has a certain impact on environmental protection and urban planning. For example, choosing to build an automated three-dimensional warehouse in a business district with limited traffic, on the one hand, is not in harmony with the bustling business environment, on the other hand, it will cost a lot of money to buy land. Most importantly, due to traffic restrictions, delivery can only be made in the middle of the night every day, which is obviously extremely unreasonable.

(three) determine the warehouse form, operation mode and mechanical equipment parameters.

The form of the warehouse needs to be determined on the basis of investigating the types of goods stored. A warehouse that usually adopts the unit cargo format. If the goods stored are single or small, but the goods are large, gravity shelves or other forms of straight-through warehouses can be used. According to the technological requirements of warehousing (whole or bulk warehousing), determine whether stacking and picking operations are needed, and if so, determine the way of picking operations.

There is also a commonly used operation mode of automated warehouse, which is the so-called free storage mode, that is, goods can be put into storage nearby, especially for goods that are frequently put into storage, long and overweight, and should be operated as close as possible to the arrival place and delivery place, which can not only shorten the entry and exit time, but also save the loading and unloading cost.

There are many kinds of mechanical equipment used in automated three-dimensional warehouse, including roadway stacker, continuous conveyor, high-rise shelf, automatic guided car with high degree of automation, etc. In the overall design of the warehouse, the most suitable mechanical equipment should be selected according to the size of the warehouse, the types of goods and the frequency of warehousing, and the main parameters of these equipment should be determined.

(four) determine the form and specifications of commodity units.

Because the premise of automated warehouse is unit handling, it is very important to determine the form, size and weight of cargo units. It will affect the investment of third-party logistics enterprises in the warehouse, and also affect the equipment and facilities of the whole warehouse system. Therefore, in order to reasonably determine the form, size and weight of cargo units, all possible forms and specifications of cargo units should be listed according to the results of investigation and statistics, and reasonable selection should be made. Goods with special shapes, sizes or weights can be handled separately.

(5) Determine the library capacity (including the buffer area)

Warehouse capacity refers to the number of cargo units that a warehouse can accommodate at the same time, which is a very important parameter for automated three-dimensional warehouse. Due to the influence of many unexpected factors in the inventory cycle, the peak inventory sometimes greatly exceeds the actual storage capacity of the automated three-dimensional warehouse. In addition, some automated three-dimensional warehouses only consider the capacity of the shelf area and ignore the area of the buffer area, resulting in insufficient buffer area, which makes the goods in the shelf area unable to go out and the goods outside the warehouse unable to enter.

(six) the distribution of warehouse area and other areas

Because the total area is certain, many third-party logistics enterprises only pay attention to the area of office and experiment (including research and development) when building automated three-dimensional warehouses, and ignore the area of warehouses, thus causing this situation, that is, in order to meet the needs of warehouse capacity, they have to develop into space to meet the requirements. But the higher the shelf, the higher the purchasing cost and operating cost of machinery and equipment. In addition, because the optimal logistics route in the automated warehouse is linear, it is often limited by the plane area when designing the warehouse, which leads to its own circuitous logistics route (often S-shaped or even mesh), which will increase a lot of unnecessary investment and trouble.

(7) Matching of personnel and equipment

No matter how high the degree of automation is, the specific operation still needs some manual labor, so the number of personnel should be appropriate. Shortage of manpower will reduce the efficiency of the warehouse, and too much will cause waste. Automatic three-dimensional warehouse uses a lot of advanced equipment, so it requires high quality of personnel, and the quality of personnel can't keep up, which will also reduce the throughput of the warehouse. Third-party logistics enterprises need to recruit specialized talents and provide them with specialized training.

(8) Transmission of system data

Because the data transmission path is not smooth or redundant, the data transmission speed of the system will be very slow or even impossible. Therefore, we should consider the information transmission within the automated warehouse and between the upper and lower management systems of third-party logistics enterprises.

(9) Overall operational capability

There is a barrel effect problem in the coordination of upstream, downstream and internal subsystems of automated warehouse, that is, the shortest wooden board determines the capacity of the barrel. Some warehouses use a lot of high-tech products, and all kinds of facilities and equipment are also complete. However, due to the poor coordination and compatibility between subsystems, the overall operation ability is much worse than expected.