What regional development strategy has the country implemented to realize the complementary advantages between the east and the west?

ideas and suggestions for implementing the strategy of developing the western region to accelerate the development of the central and western regions 1. implementing the strategy of developing the western region to accelerate the development of the central and western regions conforms to the objective requirements of China's industrialization and modernization, and the central and western regions can make due contributions to the upgrading of China's industrial structure. The energy and raw materials industry is the basic industry of modern economy, and mineral resources are the material basis of the energy and raw materials industry. China's total proven mineral resources rank third in the world. The distribution of mineral resources in China is "misplaced" with the development of existing productive forces, and most of the proven reserves of major mineral resources are distributed in the central and western regions. The central and western regions have vast land resources, rich and colorful human resources, unique tourism resources and broad market potential; The eastern region has a good investment environment, is familiar with international business practices, has advanced production factors such as information, technology and talents, has abundant funds, has extensive international economic ties and a high level of economic development, but lacks mineral resources, resulting in low-level overproduction. A large number of resources needed for the further development of the eastern region, especially industrial products of energy and raw materials, cannot be solved entirely by imports, and must be based on the domestic market and focus on the central and western regions; The capital, technology and products in the eastern region should look for new investment opportunities and open up markets, and should also focus on the central and western regions. Carry out the strategy of developing the western region, accelerate the development of the central and western regions, and combine the advantages of capital, technology, talents, management and information in the eastern region with the advantages of scientific and technological talents, resources and huge market potential in the central and western regions in accordance with the principle of complementary advantages, so as to promote the common development of the eastern region and the central and western regions. This will play a great role in developing major equipment and complete sets of equipment needed by the national economy, transforming traditional industries with backward technology, infiltrating and expanding into energy and raw materials industries, promoting the development of local small and medium-sized enterprises, and prospering the land and enriching the people. Implementing the strategy of developing the western region and accelerating the development of the central and western regions will certainly have a positive impact on narrowing the gap between the economic development of the central and western regions and promoting the coordinated economic development and industrial restructuring of various regions in the country; It is also an urgent need to maintain social and political stability, strengthen national unity and consolidate national defense security; And will make an important contribution to the realization of China's third-step development strategic goal. 2. Specific strategic ideas for implementing the strategy of developing the western region and accelerating the development of the central and western regions The main battlefield for implementing the strategy of developing the western region refers to 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the western region, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. However, since General Secretary Jiang delivered an important speech on further accelerating the development of the central and western regions at the Xi 'an forum on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises on June 17 last year, and put forward the strategy of developing the western region, the central region felt that the eastern coastal areas were open in those years, and the central region did not enjoy preferential policies. Now the state has put forward the strategy of developing the western region, and it still does not enjoy preferential policies. Therefore, the central provinces and autonomous regions, especially Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and even Guangxi (although belonging to the east, they are often classified as the west in history) are actively striving to enter the "cage" of the west, hoping to enjoy the relevant policies of the western development strategy. The land area of 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the central and western regions of China accounts for 86.1% of the whole country, with a vast territory, and the internal economic development of each province, autonomous region and municipality is extremely unbalanced. It is certainly reasonable to embody the policy of accelerating the development of the central and western regions in the way of "allowing some areas in the central provinces bordering the west to enjoy the relevant policies of the strategy of developing the western region", but because most of the areas in the central provinces bordering the west are backward areas in the province, we should focus on implementing the strategy of developing the western region and accelerating the development of the central and western regions, and adhere to the principle of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness". We should focus on the development of the dominant location and growth pole (point) areas in the central and western regions, and it is impossible to promote the overall development of the central and western regions. We must choose the combination point of industrial policies and regional policies in the central and western regions, determine the key layout framework, promote development through reform and opening up, and promote the rationalization of industrial structure and productivity layout through development. Specific ideas and suggestions are as follows: (1) Promote the development and opening-up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt, cultivate the Nankun Economic Belt, and newly establish the Beihai-Qinzhou-Fangchenggang Special Economic Zone and the Dahunchun Special Economic Zone. 1. Promote the development and opening-up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt, which mainly refers to Shanghai in the east and Panzhihua in Sichuan Province in the west, and its width is perpendicular to the Yangtze River and its 1-2 years. The Yangtze River Economic Belt includes the upstream, middle and downstream industrial clusters in China, which can be said to be one of the complete maps of China's industrial structure. The Yangtze River Economic Belt is another main axis of land development after the formation of the main axis of coastal land development in China. Revitalizing the industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a strategic issue that must be considered in China's Tenth Five-Year Plan. Promoting the development and opening up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is conducive to the formation of a T-shaped structure of land development along the coast and along the Yangtze River, enhancing comprehensive national strength and expanding domestic demand, and is conducive to the formation of a new round of climax of introducing foreign capital. The Yangtze River Economic Belt faces the same background and opportunities as the coastal economic belt in the 198s. The development and opening up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a concrete idea based on "coordinated development of regional economy", which was put forward in 1994, and the provinces, cities and relevant departments along the Yangtze River have obtained the understanding. We can compare the background of the "coastal economic development strategy" in the 198s, from the establishment of special zones, coastal open cities and coastal economic and technological development zones to the "coastal economic development strategy" in 1988 as a central decision. In the 199s, the Yangtze River Economic Belt was marked by the establishment of Pudong New Area, the launching of Three Gorges Project and the establishment of Chongqing municipality directly under the Central Government, and its development and opening-up already had very favorable conditions. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (1-2 km) in the central and western regions is the dominant location and growth pole (point) of the central and western regions. We should implement the strategy of developing the western region and accelerate the development of the central and western regions, so that these regions in the western region can enjoy the relevant policies of the strategy of developing the western region; Let these areas in the central region enjoy a slightly different policy than the 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the west, so as to link the east with the west, reflect the continuity of the national regional development strategy, and solve the problem that the central region is not something. The Yangtze River Economic Belt in the central region includes the capital cities of four provinces and several prefecture-level cities. An important law or principle of the practice and policy of regional economic development in the world is that the connection point and line between cities and traffic trunk lines is the best location for economic development. The development and opening up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should pass through the network composed of node cities and axes (traffic trunk lines and communication trunk lines) in the advantageous location of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. When we say that the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the second main axis of land development in China, we mean that it is perpendicular to the Yangtze River and its 1-2 km range is on this axis. The Yangtze River Economic Belt is actually divided into three economic circles: the upper, middle and lower reaches. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are centered on Chengdu and Chongqing, including Chongqing and Chengdu in Sichuan. The economic circle in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is centered on Changsha, Wuhan and Nanchang. The economic circle in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is centered on Shanghai. The development and opening up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be extended to Tibet, Yunnan and Guizhou in addition to the three economic circles of the upper, middle and lower reaches. The development and opening-up of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should be promoted by the way of point-axis-network. The concrete ideas are as follows: Chengdu, Chongqing, Changsha, Wuhan, Nanchang, Hefei and other provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the Central Government are the first-level node cities, and the connecting axis between the first-level node cities composed of railways (or high-speed railways), highways (or expressways), waterways, empty roads, pipelines and communication trunk lines is the first-level axis; Take prefecture-level cities as secondary node cities, and take the connecting axes between primary node cities and secondary node cities, and between secondary node cities, such as railways, highways, waterways, empty roads, pipelines and communication trunk lines, as secondary axes. The network is composed of node cities and axes, forming an advantageous location. Point-axis-network shape. Determine Lhasa, Kunming and Guiyang as "extensible node cities" and determine the "extensible axis", as shown in the above figure. Therefore, according to the policy of implementing the strategy of developing the western region and accelerating the development of the central and western regions, the Yangtze River Economic Belt can actually define two areas where policies are applicable, that is, the areas belonging to the 1 western provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities adopt the preferential policies of the strategy of developing the western region; The region belonging to the central region adopts a slightly different preferential policy than the western region. What needs to be pointed out here is that the Chongqing-Huaihua Railway, which will be started this year, is not on the first-class axis of "Chongqing-Changsha". It is necessary to build a connecting line from a certain point of the Chongqing-Huaihua Railway to Shimen, so that the first-class axis of "Chongqing-Shimen-Changsha" can be formed. In this way, the passenger and cargo flow in Chengdu-Chongqing area with more than 1 million people can pass through Changsha, the capital of Hunan, thus promoting the development of northwest Hunan, which is also the Chongqing East Passage. The Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt mainly refers to the land area consisting of Lianyungang in Jiangsu in the east and Alashankou in Xinjiang in the west, and its width is perpendicular to the Longhai-Lanxin Railway and its 1-15 km range. The Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt also includes the upstream, middle and downstream industrial clusters in China, which can also be said to be one of the complete maps of China's industrial structure. The Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt can be said to be the third main axis of land development after the coastal and Yangtze River Economic Belt. Revitalizing the industry in the Longhai-Lanzhou New Economic Belt is a strategic issue that must be considered in China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and even in the 21st century. Promoting the development and opening up of the Longhai-Lanzhou New Economic Belt, enhancing the comprehensive national strength and expanding the domestic market and needs are conducive to consolidating the western frontier. The implementation of the development and opening-up of the Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt must be based on the development and effective utilization of water resources. The development and opening up of the Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt should be promoted in a point-axis way. The specific idea is: take the Longhai-Lanxin Railway and highways and communication trunk lines in the same direction as the axis, and the provincial capital cities and prefecture-level cities along the line as node cities, which are beaded. The scope of the Longhai-Lanxin Economic Belt in the central region includes Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan Province, and several prefecture-level cities, as shown in the following figure. 2. With the goal of strengthening economic ties with Southeast Asia and South Asia and cultivating the Nankun Economic Belt, the newly established "Beihai-Qinzhou-Fangchenggang" special economic zone is the most important external channel in southwest China, and it is "the same as mountains and rivers" with Southeast Asian countries. On April 3, 1999, Cambodia formally joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. So far, a great ASEAN with a gross national product of more than 7 billion US dollars, including 1 countries, has finally become a reality. The 1 ASEAN countries have a population of 5 million and a land area of 4.5 million square kilometers, covering the whole Southeast Asia. In the past 1 years, the economies of ASEAN countries have developed rapidly, the rules of market economy have been initially established, the political and economic strength has been further enhanced, and the Indo-China Peninsula economic circle is taking shape. ASEAN countries are friendly to China. With the rapid development of world economic integration, regionalization and collectivization, Lancang-Mekong sub-regional economic cooperation will become a new economic growth center in the Asia-Pacific region. Lancang-Mekong River is the largest river in Indo-China Peninsula, and it is known as the "Oriental Danube". It flows through six countries, with a drainage area of more than 2.3 million square kilometers and a population of 23 million. The basin is rich in resources, especially hydropower resources, biological resources, mineral resources and tourism resources. The location advantage is very obvious and has great development potential. The Nanning-Kunming Railway was completed and opened to traffic in December 1997, running through Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, starting from Kunming in the west, reaching Nanning in the south and Hongguo in Guizhou in the north, with a total length of 899.7 kilometers, with an annual transportation capacity of 1 million tons in the near future and 2 to 3 million tons in the long term. The Nanning-Kunming Railway provides a convenient passage for the communication between the southwest and the coastal areas of South China. Nanning-Kunming Economic Belt is the main axis of potential land development in southwest China, and Kunming is the west bridgehead of Nanning-Kunming Economic Belt. The development of Kunming is conducive to promoting the formation of Nanning-Kunming Economic Belt. The Ministry of Railways is conducting a feasibility study on the Trans-Asian Railway connecting ASEAN and Yunnan, China, and building the Trans-Asian Railway will play a very important role in strengthening the ties between China and ASEAN countries. It is suggested that Kunming, Yunnan should be given some policies similar to Shanghai Pudong, and Yunnan and ASEAN countries should be encouraged to strengthen complementary economic ties and actively participate in the formation of the Indo-China Peninsula economic circle, so as to make it a bridgehead for economic cooperation and competition between China and ASEAN. This is one of the most important geo-strategies in China at the turn of the century. Guangxi is a frontier and post-development area of ethnic minorities, with its back to the southwest and facing Southeast Asia, and its geographical position is very superior. It is the gateway to the sea in the southwest and the eastern bridgehead of the Nankun Economic Belt. As early as 1992, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China confirmed Guangxi's position as a sea passage for southwest China. At present, the framework of the Great Corridor has basically taken shape and is being further improved. Guangxi's role as a bridgehead connecting the hinterland of Southwest China and Southeast Asia is emerging. With the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, Guangxi's role will be more obvious. Therefore, it is suggested to set up a new special economic zone in Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang, Guangxi, with an area of 14,587 square kilometers and a population of 5.158 million, and its administrative level is equivalent to the deputy provincial level. 3. The reconstruction and revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China, a new Hunchun Economic Zone facing Northeast Asia, is a long-standing problem in China's national economy, and no "good solution" has been found for a long time. The key point is that we have not created a convenient opening window for Northeast China so far, connecting it directly with the international market by the most convenient channel, and Tumen River area is the best area for us to establish such an opening window. In this regard, we can compare Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong in South China with Guangdong Province as the center. We can treat the "small triangle" in the "Tumen River Basin Development Plan" launched by UNDP as a "virtual Hong Kong". Changchun City in Jilin Province and Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province are equivalent to Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province. Then, one includes Tumen City, Hunchun City and Wangqing County. In other words, to implement the strategy of developing the western region and accelerate the development of the central and western regions, it is absolutely necessary to set up the first special economic zone in Northeast China, Dahunchun Special Economic Zone, in Tumen River area of China. Its administrative level is equivalent to the sub-provincial level, and it consists of Tumen City, Hunchun City and Wangqing County, with a total area of 15,3 square kilometers and an existing population of 656,3. In this way, Changchun, Harbin and Dahunchun special economic zones will form a growth triangle in Northeast China, and the economy of the whole Northeast region will be alive, and the problem of transformation and revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China may be solved. Judging from the needs of the development of Northeast China, it is very urgent to set up the first special economic zone in Northeast China-Dahunchun Special Economic Zone in Tumen River area. In order to promote the development of Jilin, Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia in central China, and to promote the transformation and revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China, it is urgent to use the Dahunchun Special Economic Zone as a window for opening to the outside world and conduct trade with developed countries in the world. (2) in line with the general requirements of national land development, included in the national land development program.