"Prospering the people and educating people" is an educational plan (Text/Zhang Zhongshan)

Zhouyi Gu: "As the saying goes:' There is wind at the foot of the mountain, ancient times, and a gentleman inspires self-cultivation'".

"Educate people, cultivate self-cultivation" has different interpretations in different versions.

One way of saying it is: help others, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character.

The other is to educate the people, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character.

I don't want to investigate whether it is "internal cultivation" or "external wisdom". In short, if we want to be "virtuous in the world", we must first be "virtuous in the world".

Virtue: "What you get from the outside is what you get from yourself." Zhu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, said: "What you get from others is the virtue of kindness; People who benefit from themselves are moral virtues. " It can be seen that "virtue" has internal and external, internal to oneself and external to others. Internal cultivation and self-improvement are "moral virtues"; Outsiders, influenced by the moral power of others, see the sage Si Qi, or influence others with moral power, which is the "virtue of goodness".

Teachers should use "moral virtue" to improve themselves and impose "good virtue" on students.

Look at these four words every day, and remind yourself that "Xiu De comes first, virtue comes last". Only by practicing "Ned" can we "be outside Xiu De".

Attachment: Five Theories

People are expensive. The key to service is "five books": people-oriented, people-oriented, morality-oriented, kindness-oriented, honesty-oriented, honesty-oriented. Five books are the foundation of life.

people-oriented

People-oriented "world" is the world's "world" and the world's "world". The essence of "serving the people" is "serving the people". "Lu Chunqiu's Filial Piety": "The so-called people are not cultivated, but also for their people." Starting from human nature, people-oriented, always taking people as the research object, caring about human survival, human value, human dignity, human education and human family and social organizations. The core of management and governance is people, and the subject and object of management are people.

Only people are valuable. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Man, the nature of heaven and earth is the most expensive." Mencius put forward: "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." ("Mencius") Xunzi vividly compared the people and the monarch to the relationship between water and the boat: "The monarch is also a boat; People, water also. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " ("Biography of the Later Han Dynasty Huangfugui") Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty further proposed: "All people take this as well. The country thinks so, the monarch thinks so, and officials think so. " Since ancient times, whoever is the enemy of the people will die sooner or later.

An Min loves her. Starting from the thought of "the benevolent loves others", Confucius asked the rulers to "preserve their love and make the people keep pace with the times" and implement a benevolent policy. Mozi is the "three disasters of the people"-"the hungry can't eat, the cold can't wear clothes, and the laborers can't rest". The governor of Hebei can "work with the people" and "work hard and complain", and then put forward the idea of "universal love" Tang Zhen, a thinker in the early Qing Dynasty, advised those in power: "Love your own people as you love your own body." ("Qian Shu Ming Jian")

Protect the people and enrich the people. Confucius regards "enriching the people" as the premise of benevolent government, and thinks that "the people are enough, is it monarch but not enough?" Not enough people, you are enough? "(The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan) Mencius advocated" controlling the wealth of the people "so that the people" can live a happy life and avoid death in a fierce year. " ("Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang") Guan Zi said: "Courtesy is known in the warehouse, honor and disgrace are known in food and clothing", "People's wealth is easy to govern", "People's poverty is difficult to treat", "People's surplus is put down, and people's shortage is used to fight; Let's be polite and confident, fighting will lead to riots. " (Xun on Huainan Customs) "Rites and righteousness are born in abundance", "thieves are born in poverty", "the people are rich and the country is safe" and "the people are poor and the country is chaotic". (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty) These expositions embody the idea of "enriching the people through politics" (Shuowen Li Yuanzheng).

People are based on morality.

Morality is the foundation of people, government and country. "Germany, too." ("Rites and Music")

Moral spirit. People can't stand in the world without virtue, and virtue is the first of self-cultivation. "immoral people are not allowed to make people." ("The Warring States Policy") "A rich family, a virtuous body, is broad-minded and fat." ("Book of Rites University" "Virtue is the first line." (Shi Shuo Xin Yu) Virtue is "endowment" and virtue is "handsome" of talent. The Book of Songs: "People are born with things; Loyalty to the people is a virtue. " (The Book of Songs)

Cultivate one's morality by virtue. Ancient sages in China especially emphasized self-cultivation, moral practice, moral cultivation and self-cultivation, as the premise of governing people's hearts and society by virtue. As far as the progressive relationship of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" is concerned, it includes four levels: "self-cultivation" belongs to the level of personal ethics and private morality; Qijia belongs to family ethics, family ethics; Governing the country belongs to the level of social ethics and public morality; "Peaceful world" means that even if everything in the world lives in peace, it belongs to the ultimate ethics, that is, "great virtue". Among them, the foundation is self-cultivation and self-cultivation.

A virtuous person. Virtue has the function of influencing others and cultivating sentiment. The key to the promotion of "morality" lies in being a politician. To be upright, we must be upright first. "its body is right, but it does not make; His body is not right, although he does not obey. " (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) "Politicians are upright. Zi Shuai is right, who dares to be wrong? " ("The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan") "If there are good gifts, then the people dare not disrespect; If you are just, then the people dare not refuse; If there is a good letter, the people will not dare to be ruthless. " (The Analects of Confucius Lutz)

Governing the country by virtue. "A gentleman takes inspiration as his virtue." (Yi Guxiang) To govern a country by virtue, we must first "govern officials by virtue". "The most important thing in politics is to gain people", "The rise and fall of the world lies in the official system", "Setting officials to govern with virtue, and losing sages will lead to chaos." ("Zhou Shu") Officials "If there is no virtue in office, the disaster will be cold; If you are incompetent in your post, it will be big. " Those who have virtue and talent are also for governance; Those who have virtue but no talent are difficult to treat; Talent without virtue is chaos. "Those who gain sages will prosper, and those who lose sages will die." ("New Book Prenatal Education")

Virtue is based on goodness.

In Germany and China, kindness is the foundation. "Goodness", the most fundamental problem of ethics, is the highest realm of virtue.

Be kind to others. "Guang Yun Fairy Rhyme": "The goodness is nothing." It is the beauty of adults to treat others with a generous and kind attitude. "A gentleman is nothing more than being kind to others." The highest virtue of a gentleman is to be kind to others. Goodness occupies a supreme position in Mencius' thought. Goodness is not only the highest standard pursued by a gentleman, but also the basis for distinguishing good people from bad people.

Altruistic and sociable. The virtue of "gregarious" and "sociable" is the moral pursuit of China's ancient and modern thinkers. "Xunzi Wang Zhi": "Jun is a good group." Liang Qichao said: "Whose public morality is it? The reason why people are groups and countries are countries depends on this virtue. People are also good animals. " (Selected Works of Liang Qichao) People are gregarious animals and cannot live in groups, so we should "fit in" and "benefit the group" and love the group for the public.

Be kind to your neighbors. Confucianism attaches great importance to being friendly to neighboring countries and advocates not doing to others what you don't want others to do to you. It is pointed out that "being kind to neighbors and others is the treasure of the country"; Emphasize making friends and keeping your word; Advocating courtesy, harmony is precious. Confucius advocated that "morality is not alone, there must be neighbors" and that as long as morality is emphasized in my relationship with my neighbors, the relationship will be smooth.

Persuade goodness and discipline. Confucius said, "If you are close to Zhuang, you will be respectful; Filial piety is loyalty; If you can't teach good deeds, persuade them. " Zhuang Jing and filial piety are the concrete connotations of goodness. People should be made aware of these advantages and encouraged to do so. Otherwise, "if you don't practice morality, don't talk about learning, you can't learn benevolence and righteousness, and you can't change it if it's not good, so I'm worried." (The Analects of Confucius)

Accumulate goodness into virtue. Goodness is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. "Good without accumulation is not enough to become famous; If evil does not accumulate, it is not enough to destroy the body. " ("Yi Xi Ci Xia") "Xunzi Persuades Learning": "Accumulated soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. " Noble morality needs the long-term accumulation of "goodness". Therefore, "don't do it with small goodness, don't do it with small evils", and do it with "details see the spirit".

Honesty is the foundation.

"Honesty", all kindness, morality and personality are essential, and life is supreme. True and innocent. The golden mean says, "Honesty is truth." Zhu said: "Honest people are true and innocent." In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi sometimes directly interpreted "honesty" as "reality" to illustrate the truth of the material world, saying: "Honest people, real people, have a beginning before and an end after." Those who are real, the world is also public, they have eyes to see and ears to hear. "("Shangshu "cited righteousness and said life)

Keep your promise. The most basic meaning of a letter is sincerity, that is, words and deeds are consistent, and the appearance is the same. There is an article "Gui Xin" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, which regards faith as the foundation of a person's existence in the world and advocates honesty as the foundation of life. "This or not, people slander, countries don't keep; If officials don't believe it, they will be less afraid of being long, and the nobles will be light; If you don't believe in rewards and punishments, the people will easily break the law and can't make orders; If you don't believe in making friends, you will disperse resentment and can't date each other; One hundred workers don't believe it, the equipment is bitter and fake, and the red paint is disloyal. "

God is honest. "Honesty" is heaven, and the fundamental attribute of heaven is "honesty". China traditional culture regards honesty as the highest moral category in nature and interpersonal communication. Mencius said: "a loyal person is also a heavenly way; If you think sincerely, you will learn from others. "If you are sincere, you must think it over, think it over, and be stubborn. Sincerity opens the stone.

The foundation of human nature. The Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean says: "Honest people have their own way." Behavior conforms to Tao and law, that is, to achieve the so-called "sincerity" realm. The sincere nature of Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty. He said in the General Book: "An honest man is the foundation of a saint." "On the contrary, it is sincere and fun." ("Mencius with all my heart") Self-examination has reached the realm of sincerity, which is the greatest happiness. We should take "sincerity" as the way of self-cultivation and the eternal pursuit of life.

The foundation of politics. "University" extends the "sincerity" in "The Doctrine of the Mean", and regards "sincerity" as the foundation of governing the country, managing the family, cultivating one's morality and correcting one's heart. Xunzi said, "People who are sincere are guarded by gentlemen, and the foundation of political affairs is also." ("Xunzi Careful") Honest people get the word and get more help; If you are dishonest, you will lose your way. We should treat our work, our cause and our country sincerely.

Sincere and truth-oriented.

Truth, innocence, truth, truth. Sincerity, sincerity, true feelings. Sincerity leads to truth, and truth leads to truth. "Truth" is the essence of sincerity.

The law is precious and true. Some thinkers in ancient China regarded "truth" as the essence of Tao and the ultimate of self-cultivation, and advocated advocating nature and returning to simplicity. "Rites, secular trip also; Really, it is not easy to be so influenced by heaven. Therefore, the sage's law is precious and true, not limited to vulgarity. On the other hand, fools can't be kind to others; I don't know what is true, but it's not enough. "

Sincerely. "Zhuangzi Fisherman" has a definition of "truth": "True, sincere." In other words, "truth" is a pure and sincere spiritual realm, which can only be achieved on the basis of abiding by sincerity, holding sincerity and cultivating sincerity. To achieve this state, we must be honest and not deceitful, dare to tell the truth, and not flatter and cheat; Stick to ethics, don't learn from Ashi, go with the flow; Treat people sincerely, without affectation or duplicity.

The way of nature. Master Zhuangzi: "The real person is not empty of things but natural." "The Biography of Han Tang Sun Yu" said: "The truth is the way of nature." Taoism has always advocated advocating and returning to nature, and advocating the pure and simple way of learning nature. This spiritual yearning for "returning to nature" should arouse people to do the cause of the world with the mentality of being born, find their true selves, and regard indifference, honesty, simplicity and detachment as moral pursuits.

Just like Tao. Laozi regards "Tao" as the highest category of his philosophical system and "being the same" as the highest pursuit of life. Zhuangzi also believes that truth is man's natural state, and the falsification of literary ornaments is the rise of man-made fame and fortune, and advocates saving the sky from man and returning to the highest ontology of the universe-"Tao". There is virtue in truth, goodness in truth, honesty in truth and faith in truth. We must adhere to the "true self", cultivate the "true self", improve the "true self", and abandon the false self, false self and false self. Truth is silent, and truth is beautiful. A "real person" is a person who understands Tao, is consistent with Tao and is detached from things.

There is internal logic between the five classics, which are closely related and progressive at different levels. These five books are the foundation of our life. We should abide by five books, practice five books, attach importance to the people, Xiu De, do good deeds, be honest and true. Be a man, be a man with virtue, be good with virtue, be good with sincerity, be true with sincerity, and be true with Tao.