Rare animal information (such as panda, Chinese sturgeon,,,,

Scientific name: Raccootidae

Other names: Hua Xiong, Hua Xiong, Zhu Xiong, Flower Head Bear, Silver Dog, Big Raccoon, Equ, Du Dongga, Zhiyi, Mengbao, Mengshi Beast, tapir, Tieshi, Panda, Panda and Brave.

English name: giant panda

Edit the origin and evolution of this paragraph.

China's "national treasures" (40 pieces)

The scientific name of the giant panda is actually "panda", which means "a bear like a cat", which means "it is similar to a bear in essence, but similar to a cat in appearance." Strictly speaking, "panda" is a wrong noun. This "wrong answer" is caused by this: before liberation, the Beibei Museum in Chongqing once exhibited panda specimens, and the word "panda" was written horizontally from left to right on the instruction board. But at that time, the horizontal headlines of newspapers were used to reading from right to left, so the reporter mistakenly wrote "Panda" in the report. The word "panda" is widely spread by the media, and it is difficult to correct it if you get used to it. Therefore, if people make mistakes, they are called "pandas". In fact, scientists named the giant panda "Panda" because its ancestors were similar to bears and both belonged to carnivores.

Edit the main food in this paragraph.

Some people think that giant pandas have always been herbivores. In fact, it is the earliest carnivorous panda evolved from a bear-like species.

The main branches of Eocene pandas continued to evolve in central and southern China. One of them appeared in the early Pleistocene about 3 million years ago and was smaller than the panda today. Judging from its teeth, it has evolved into an omnivore that eats bamboo, a bear that lays eggs. Since then, this main branch has spread to the subtropics, and fossils have been found in North China, Northwest China, East China, Southwest China, South China, Vietnam and North Myanmar. In this process, the giant panda adapted to the life of subtropical bamboo forest, gradually became bigger and lived on bamboo. The giant panda reached its peak in the middle and late Pleistocene 500,000-700,000 years ago. Nowadays, the molars of giant pandas are well developed, and their claws have a "thumb" in addition to five toes. This "thumb" is actually a specialized formation of a wrist bone, scientifically called "radial sesamoid bone", which mainly plays the role of holding bamboo. The giant panda in Qinling Mountains has been identified as a subspecies of giant panda.

Edit the occurrence time of this paragraph.

Fossils show that the ancestors of pandas appeared in the early Pliocene 2-3 million years ago. Hundreds of thousands of years ago

The giant panda is eating (16 photos)

The former is the heyday of the giant panda, belonging to the saber-toothed elephant paleontology. The giant panda's habitat once covered most of eastern and southern China, from Beijing in the north to southern Myanmar and northern Vietnam in the south (Xiale, 1993). Fossils are usually found in temperate or subtropical forests at an altitude of 500~700 meters. Later, animals died out in the same period, but the giant panda has survived to this day, maintaining its original ancient characteristics. Therefore, it has many scientific values, so it is called "the living fossil of animals", and China regards it as a "national treasure". At present, the distribution of giant pandas is very narrow, limited to Qionglai Mountain, Daxiangling Mountain and Liangshan Mountain in China. Great changes in the habitat of giant pandas only occur in modern times. In recent hundreds of years, the population of China has surged, occupying land and many habitats have disappeared. Giant pandas used to live in low valleys, but now they are residential areas. Giant pandas can only live at the altitude 1200~3400 meters where bamboo can grow. At present, our government has taken a series of effective measures to better protect this endangered living fossil. The living conditions of giant pandas have always been concerned by the world. In order to protect and breed giant pandas in the future, it is necessary to continue to look for other residential areas to give them a good living condition and let them continue their species.

Giant pandas (5 photos) edit the distribution range of this section.

Giant pandas live in temperate forests on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China, where the undergrowth plants are mainly Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens. This series of high mountains and deep valleys in the transition from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China include

Life of the Panda Family (9 photos)

Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan. Qinling Mountains are distributed in the southern foothills, Foping is the main distribution county, Yangxian is the general distribution county, and Taibai, Ningshan Zhouzhi, Liuba and Ningqiang are only a few distribution counties. Minshan series is generally distributed in Sichuan except Wenxian County, Gansu Province. Pingwu, Qingchuan and Beichuan are the main counties in Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou, Songpan and Maoxian are widely distributed, and Anxian, Mianzhu, Pengzhou, Wolong, Shifang and Dujiangyan are a few counties. Qionglai Mountains are mainly distributed in Baoxing, Wenchuan and Tianquan counties. The general counties are Dayi and Lushan, and only a few counties are Qionglai, Chongzhou, Kangding and Luding. In addition to Hongya and Mianning, there are only several counties such as Yingjing, Shimian, Hanyuan and Jiulong in Xiangling. In addition to Mabian, Meigu and Yuexi, Liangshan has only Ganluo, Ebian and Leibo [1] counties.

Edit the quantitative introduction of this paragraph.

How many pandas are there in the wild at present? This is a difficult question to answer. Live in a high mountain area

Atlas of giant panda stamps (40 sheets)

In the dense bamboo forest on the steep slope, the statistics of giant pandas has become a very hard work. There were two surveys in 1970s and 1980s, and it was estimated that there were about 1 000 wild giant pandas, which may be low. There are 37 counties in the distribution area of giant pandas. According to the three levels of main production, general production and small quantity, there are about 100 pandas in each county, and there are 7 counties in * * *; Generally, each county has more than 50 producing counties, including *** 1 1 county; There are usually less than 50 counties with low productivity, and there are 19 counties. Based on this calculation, the total number of wild giant pandas is less than 1000, and the number of captive pandas is about 100. The net reproduction rate of giant pandas is only about 1.040002, so the population growth is slow. According to the investigation of the State Forestry Administration in 2006, there are totally 596 wild giant pandas1in China, and the number in captivity is 16 1 individual. The giant panda is one of the rarest mammals in Xiong Ke family, and it is threatened by the greatest survival.

Edit this paragraph of category introduction.

According to the investigation in 1980s, the area of panda habitat is about 13000 square kilometers. According to the investigation report of the State Forestry Administration in 2005, it has been confirmed that the Qinling population of giant panda is a new subspecies of giant panda. The Qinling Giant Panda and Sichuan Giant Panda are geographically separated by 6.5438+0.2 million years.

panda

The giant panda's head in Qinling Mountains is round. According to the third giant panda survey conducted in 2000-200 1 year, the number of giant pandas in Qinling Mountains (excluding 1 larvae under one and a half years old) was 273. In Qinling Mountains, besides black and white pandas, brown and white pandas were also found.

Panda is a lively animal with a unique black and white coat color. The species and genus of giant pandas have been debated for a century. The recent DNA analysis shows that it is a widely accepted classification method of Xiong Ke and Giant Panda subfamily in the world, and it is gradually recognized in China. The traditional classification of giant pandas in China lists them as giant pandas. It represents an early branch of Xiong Ke.

In ancient times, giant pandas were also called "iron eaters".

Han Dong Fang Shuo's Divine Canon: "There is a beast in the south, which is called biting iron."

Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty commented "Er Ya Shi Beast": "Like a bear, with a small head and soft feet, black and white refutation can lick copper, iron and bamboo bones."

Yuan Mei's "The First Episode of New Qi Xie" in Qing Dynasty: "There are tapirs in Fangxian County who like to eat copper and iron without hurting people. Any folk plough, hoe, knife, axe, etc. Will drool and eat like rot. The iron sheets wrapped on the city gate are all cited. "

After this animal skin was exhibited in the National Museum of Paris, no one knew about the giant panda at that time. People see from the hide that it has a big white face of Zhang Yuanyuan, and there are two circles of deep dark spots around the eyes, like wearing a pair of sunglasses, so some people conclude that there is no such animal in the world, and the hide is fake! Some people say it's just a strange bear. However, after a thorough study by Miller Edwards, the curator of the museum, he thought it was neither a bear nor a cat, but another kind of giant panda similar to that found in Tibet, China, so he officially named it "Giant Panda".

65438-0939, Chongqing Pingming Zoo held an exhibition of animal specimens, among which the "Panda" specimen attracted the most attention of the audience. Its logo adopts the internationally accepted writing format, representing Chinese and Latin respectively. However, due to the habit of reading Chinese from the right.

Giant pandas eat zongzi.

Read to the left, so tourists always pronounce "panda" as "panda". Over time, people called "panda" "panda". A newspaper in Taiwan Province Province once wrote an article to correct the name of "panda", but people have become accustomed to it, but they think "panda" is not so smooth.

From then on, the modern name "Giant Panda" was born! David became the first foreigner to introduce China Baoxing Giant Panda to the western world.

1870, Father David sent the skins of giant pandas back to the National Museum in Paris, and collected golden monkeys in Baoxing (locals called them "long-tailed monkeys", David called them "golden monkeys", Director Edwards called them green-tailed pheasants (shell hens), red pandas (bobcats squatting) and Taiwan Province Province also called them.

Editing this paragraph is a world sensation.

The discovery of giant pandas caused a sensation in the western world. Since then, groups of western explorers, hunting team hunters and museum specimen collectors have come to the giant panda producing area to try to uncover the mystery of the giant panda and hunt this rare animal. Among them were President Roosevelt's two sons, theodore roosevelt and Mitt Roosevelt. The two brothers first went to Baoxing county, where David found the giant panda, but found nothing, and then entered Daliangshan. In Yuexi county, they shot and killed a giant panda and took it back to the United States as a specimen. Later, German and British explorers hunted giant pandas, and even more of them were bought from hunters in China. At that time, many museums in western countries had specimens of giant pandas. But they never caught a live panda.

Sixty-seven years after Father David discovered the giant panda, the dream of catching a live giant panda was finally realized by one person.

panda

Stubborn American women realize this. 1936, Ruth hax, a 35-year-old female fashion designer in new york, got married. Her husband, William hax, was an avid explorer. Two weeks after her marriage, she went to China to look for giant pandas. However, William died in Shanghai before he got to the panda producing area. Ruth first asked to go with her husband, but he turned her down as a burden. Now she is determined to fulfill her husband's last wish and leave for China in April, 1936, two months after his death. There are only two people in Ruth's expedition-she and 25-year-old Chinese American Yang. Yang's brother once participated in the China expedition of Roosevelt's son. They took a small wooden boat from Shanghai to Chengdu, and then entered Wenchuan, looking for traces of giant pandas in the deep forests and setting traps for hunting. 165438+1October 9, when they came to a bamboo forest covered with snow (experts verified it as Caopo Township in Wenchuan County), they heard a sound similar to a baby crying coming from the hole of a dead tree. When Yang Quentin caught a furry little animal from a tree hole and handed it to Ruth who was numb with cold, she couldn't believe it. This is the living giant panda that westerners have dreamed of for more than half a century! Ruth thought that this little guy weighing less than 3 kg was a female (later proved to be a male), so she named her after her wife Yang. Lucky Ruth knew how precious what she got, and quickly returned to Chengdu with Su Lin, and then flew to Shanghai. But I have difficulty leaving this country.

Lovely giant panda

Although westerners have been looking for the giant panda for more than half a century, and know that it is a kind of endangered rare animal, before that, China people knew almost nothing about the giant panda. Hunters can kill this "bear" at will, and the government has no laws and measures to protect it. Ruth's trouble is not that she caught the giant panda, but that the procedures for entering Chinese mainland are incomplete, so she can't leave the country. Finally, she boarded the ship to America by bribery. She put Su Lin in a big wicker basket, wrote "Bring a pug" on the customs registration form, and then went out of the customs.

Ruth and Surin are still sailing in the Pacific Ocean, and overseas telegrams have spread the news all over the United States. It was the day before Christmas when the ship docked at the San Francisco pier. Surprised Americans held a grand welcoming ceremony on the dock. They arranged the most luxurious suite for their precious guests and held a grand welcome party. Su Lin was sent to many big cities for exhibitions, and everywhere she went, she caused a sensation. When Theodore, the son of Roosevelt who had been to China to look for giant pandas, saw Su Lin, he said with great emotion, "If this little guy is regarded as a souvenir under my gun, I would rather use my son instead." After fierce competition, the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago won Surin. People flooded here, with a maximum of 40 thousand people a day, exceeding the record of the zoo. Su Lin's every move became news in the newspaper. Businessmen compete to produce products with the image of giant pandas. Fashionable girls paraded in the market wearing swimsuits with giant panda designs, and even a cocktail was named after the giant panda. The story of Ruth and Surin became a best seller and was put on the screen.

Lucy and Surin

Unfortunately, Surin only lived for a year, and then she was made into a specimen for permanent exhibition. The appearance of Surin made the giant panda enter the public from the museum. She is not only rare, but also very cute, and she has become an animal star all over the world for a time. Western powers compete to catch giant pandas in China. From 1936 to 194 1, the United States alone took nine giant pandas from China, and Huaxi University, a missionary school in Chengdu, helped a lot. After 20 years in the giant panda producing area, an Englishman named "Panda King", Tangier Smith, bought nine live giant pandas during the three years from 1936 to 1938, and brought six of them to Britain.

During World War II, Ming, the giant panda in London Zoo, was calm and free to play under the indiscriminate bombing of German planes, and became a wartime hero in the eyes of London citizens. At the height of the war, newspapers were still reporting Ming's life. She died at the end of 1944. The obituary published in The Times said: "She can die without regret because she brought happiness to thousands of people." After the end of World War II, 1945 and 65438+February, the British organized a team of more than 200 people through diplomatic channels, went to Wenchuan for a big raid, and finally captured a giant panda and sent it to Britain. Like many things in China, the panda's status in China rose rapidly after it caused a sensation abroad. Since the 1940s, the government began to restrict the hunting activities of foreigners. Perhaps because of this, the giant panda survived.

Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph

Giant pandas are fat and bear-like, but they are cute, with short heads and tails. The coat color of head and body is mostly black and white.

The giant panda is playing in the tree.

That is to say, the snout, eyes (arranged in figure 8), ears, limbs and shoulder blades (connected to the shoulders to form an endless belt) are black, and the rest, namely the head and neck, trunk and tail, are white. The abdomen is light brown or grayish black. Its body length is 120 ~ 180 cm; Tail length 10~20cm, white; The shoulder height is generally 65 ~ 70cm；; Weight 60~ 125kg. In addition to five claws, the front foot has a sixth toe. Thick hair on the back and long capillaries in the abdomen.

White giant pandas were found four times in Foping Nature Reserve, Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province. According to the 725 pages of the Compendium of Contemporary Shaanxi Events (1948-1990) published by Shaanxi People's Publishing House, the earliest time to find the white giant panda was 1990+0 15. The giant panda is 0.7 meters high. Except for the eyes and lower limbs, it is white from the ears, shoulder blades to the whole chest, which is called "the treasure among treasures". Two more were found in 199 1 year and 1992. The last time was four years ago (recorded on 20 12), probably in 2008.

There is also a brown giant panda in Foping Nature Reserve. On March 26th, 1985, Lu, a villager from Daguping Village, Yueba Township, Foping County, Shaanxi Province, first found a brown-and-white sick giant panda on the beach deep in the bamboo forest of Hangmagou, about 1200m in Haibayo. His body is very weak. Later, it was rescued by the staff of the reserve and people from all walks of life, and then sent to Xi 'an Zoo for foster care. This is the first time that a brown-haired giant panda has been discovered in the world. Since then, two adult giant pandas and 65,438+0 cubs of brown giant pandas have been observed in the bamboo forest of Foping Nature Reserve for three times in 65,438+0, 65,438+0 and 2009 respectively. This panda has brown hair on its ears, eyes, eyelashes, nose, shoulder blades and limbs. Therefore, Peking University panda experts call it "the most beautiful panda in the world".

Cute giant panda (6 photos)

Whether painted by a brown bear or a white bear, it is really rare in the world. Their discovery broke the saying of "simplex" (that is, black and white hair) in the history of panda research, which has important scientific significance.

In this way, there are three known fur colors of giant pandas: black and white and brown and white.

The giant panda living in Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, is known as the "beauty" among national treasures because its head is rounder and more like a cat.

Edit the living habits of this paragraph.

The panda's staple food is bamboo. The giant panda is an omnivore. Besides bamboo, it likes apples very much. They also like drinking water. Most of the pandas' homes are near streams and running water, so they can drink fresh spring water nearby. Giant pandas drink water at least once a day. In winter, when the running water in mountainous areas is frozen by ice, some giant pandas may travel long distances, go down the ditch, drink water in the valley, and then return home because they miss the hidden conditions and food base of their homes. Giant pandas always seek water from far and near, and walk out of an obvious drinking path day after day. When they reach the stream, they drink water by licking and sucking. If the stream is covered with thin ice or gravel, they will break the ice with their front paws, or dig a shallow pit with their paws to lick the water.

Edit the living environment of this paragraph.

Giant pandas inhabit the high mountains and deep valleys in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the windward side of the southeast monsoon. The climate is warm, cool and humid, and the humidity is often above 80%, so they are wet-loving animals. Their active areas are mostly in ravines, mountainside depressions, river valley terraces and so on. , generally in the gentle slope terrain below 20. The soil in these places is very fertile, the forest is dense, the arrowheads grow well, which constitutes an excellent food base, the temperature is relatively stable, the hidden conditions are good, and the food resources and water resources are abundant. Living in the alpine bamboo forest at an altitude of 2400~3500 meters. The living environment is very humid, and the temperature difference is relatively large.

Giant panda (25 photos)

Except in estrus, I often live a solitary life and walk day and night. The nesting area is 3.9~6.4 square kilometers, and individuals overlap. The nesting area of males is slightly larger than that of females. Females only live in nests of 30~40 hectares most of the time, and the nests between females do not overlap. The food is mainly 50 kinds of bamboo in alpine and subalpine mountains, and occasionally other plants and even animal carcasses are eaten. Eat a lot every day and drink spring water or stream every day.

Edit this panda anecdote

Interesting story about pandas: In recent years, scientists have found that male wild pandas are hidden in the wild by cameras.

Interesting stories about giant pandas (20 photos)

When you leave breathing marks on the tree, you will lift one hind leg like a male dog and then spill urine on the height of the tree. The higher the urine, the higher the social status of male giant pandas.

Edit the food characteristics of this paragraph.

The giant panda's diet is very special, including almost all kinds of bamboo that can be found in the mountains. Giant pandas also occasionally eat meat (usually animal carcasses and sometimes bamboo rats). The unique food characteristics of the giant panda make it known as "bamboo" by local people.

Super cute giant panda (6 photos)

Bear ".

Tigers and leopards (39 photos)

Europe is widely distributed, from the cold Siberian region in the north to the tropical jungles in South Asia, as well as alpine canyons, you can see its elegant and majestic figure.

Leopard: a fierce big cat, native to Africa or South Asia, with tawny fur, rose-like spots and black hair.

Jackal: alias jackal and red wolf, belonging to canine family, similar in appearance to dogs and wolves, smaller in size than wolves, with a body length of about 1 m and a weight of 10 kg. Jackals are typical mountain animals, inhabiting mountain grasslands, subalpine meadows and mountain sparse forests. Hunting in groups, sexual vigilance, developed sense of smell, the most frequent activities in the morning and evening. Very fierce and fond of chasing, they gather together to hunt after finding their prey, mainly preying on medium-sized ungulates such as roe deer, musk deer and sheep. Widely distributed except Hainan. It belongs to the national second-class protected animals.

tiger

Period, growth period, peak period, has now begun to enter a recession.

At present, people are deeply worried about its survival in an extremely rare number, and its future fate will also touch the hearts of hundreds of millions of people. Faced with this grim situation, the government and people of China, as well as relevant international organizations, scientific groups and scientists are actively involved.

In order to explore scientific and effective methods and open up a new situation, we should engage in the protection and scientific research of giant pandas, so that they can get rid of the endangered situation and reproduce forever.

Giant panda group map