What is the social medical insurance model? What are the main features of this model?

Why is the social insurance system the most important part of the insurance system?

165438+1on October 28th, the the State Council executive meeting discussed and passed the draft social insurance law, which marked another big step in the legislative process of social security in China. As the core law of the social security system, the new draft will cover five insurance fields: pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity.

China's social security reform has been going on for more than ten years, but the lack of basic laws has always made this reform lack the "sword of respect". The development of modern social security system in China is closely related to the market-oriented transformation. After the traditional plate-type social security system corresponding to the planned system was touched, major reforms were needed to safeguard national welfare and social stability. During the period of 1990, a series of legislative activities related to social security reform began to appear, such as the Labor Law, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, and the Decision on the Reform of the Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees adopted by19/kloc-0 in the State Council, which all formed the legislative basis of the social security system.

However, after more than ten years, although the social security reform has made important achievements, compared with the goal of sharing the fruits of economic development with the public and building a harmonious society, it is still far from meeting the requirements. One of the reasons is that the legislative foundation is not perfect. The existing legal support of social security is mainly administrative regulations, departmental regulations and local regulations. The number of laws and regulations is small, the level is low, the legislation is scattered, and it is difficult to form a system, especially the lack of a comprehensive basic law of social insurance, which makes the national welfare guarantee only through administrative means and weakens the seriousness and operational efficiency of the social security system.

Modern market economy countries ensure the government to serve the public through the rule of law, in which social security legislation is essentially to clearly define the responsibilities and rights of the government. From this point of view, the principle of modern social security legislation should not only increase the responsibility of the government, but also clearly limit the power of the government to avoid the government's violation of national welfare in the name of social security. 1883, Germany promulgated the Sickness Insurance Law, which marked the birth of a modern social security system with social insurance as its core content. From 65438 to 0935, the US Congress passed the Social Security Act, which promoted the full implementation of the American social security system. Nowadays, the social security system of European and American countries has entered a mature stage. Whether it is the Nordic model of "welfare state", the American intermediate model of combining government and market, or the Latin American model of "complete accumulation system", although each has its own shortcomings, it has undoubtedly become the cornerstone of modern society.

China's social security reform has been difficult for many years, but fortunately, the implementation of the social insurance law may bring a new era of social security system reform with China characteristics. Of course, in order to make up for the lack of laws in China's social security reform, it is necessary not only to introduce the Social Insurance Law as soon as possible, but also to cooperate with a series of separate laws and implementation rules. Because it involves the interests of many subjects, this legislative process is doomed to be difficult. It should be emphasized that the fundamental purpose of these laws is to protect people's basic welfare through the rule of law, and several principles should be fully implemented.

First of all, we should fully embody the institutionalized characteristics of social security in the spirit of legislation. The so-called institutionalization shows that social security is not only an economic system, but also a core element of political and social systems. The reform and opening up has brought about the rapid growth of the economic aggregate and the increase of the size of the wealthy class, and at the same time, the income polarization and poverty problems have become more serious. The social security system is aimed at low-income groups. Its purpose is to let the people share the powerful achievements of the country as much as possible. Only by rising to such a height can social security reform really get the attention of all sectors of society. Secondly, we should also take this opportunity to strengthen the legal characteristics of the social security system as soon as possible. It is impossible for relevant government regulations and departmental rules to really restrain the government's own power. Replacing administrative regulations with laws is the starting point of social security reform in China. If someone is worried that passing the law will put a "financial shackle" on the government's social security, then we think this shackle is necessary. Only in this way can the government realize the significance of public finance by optimizing other revenue and expenditure structures on the basis of ensuring social security expenditure first.

In addition, social security legislation should also reflect the popularization. This requires that the legislative process should not only be promoted by departments, but also let the society fully listen to opinions and let people with vital interests participate as much as possible. At the same time, popularization also means ensuring that most citizens are included in the security system through legal means. People only see the financial difficulties brought by the "welfare state" in developed countries, but they don't see the significance of this for the smooth transition of many countries to modern society. In the current specific transformation stage, in order to truly achieve social harmony, the welfare guarantee of Pratt & Whitney is the cost that should be borne, and it is unrealistic to directly span the development process of social security system in developed countries.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.