Behind the 300 billion social security fee reduction: Guangdong and Zhejiang raised the social security rate to 16%.

On May 1 day, the social security fee reduction policy involving 300 billion yuan was officially implemented. According to the statistics of Times Weekly reporters, up to now, 27 provinces in China have reduced the contribution rate of endowment insurance enterprises from the original 20%-18% to 16%.

At the same time, some areas have introduced measures to increase social security fees.

As the contribution rate of pension insurance units is lower than 16%, Guangdong will gradually increase the contribution rate of pension insurance units for employees of enterprises in this province in order to transition to the national unified standard; In order to meet the requirement that the minimum payment base standard of basic old-age insurance is gradually raised to 60%, Beijing will raise the minimum payment base standard year by year.

Zheng Chunrong, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said in an interview with Times Weekly that whether Guangdong raises the payment ratio or Beijing raises the lower limit of the payment base, "the purpose is to gradually transition to a unified national standard, which is conducive to fair competition in various places and prevent Matthew effect".

Align with 16%

According to the comprehensive plan of reducing social insurance premium rate issued by the General Office of the State Council on April 4th, the contribution rate of endowment insurance units in each province is higher than 16%, which can be reduced to16%; At present, if it is below 16%, it is necessary to study and put forward transitional measures.

Previously, the proportion of contributions paid by pension insurance companies in different places was different. Shanghai, Shanxi, Qinghai and Jilin provinces are 20%; Most provinces such as Tianjin, Guizhou, Anhui, Ningxia and Tibet are19%; Fujian, Shandong and other provinces are 18%, only Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces are lower than 16%, only 13%- 14%.

According to the plan announced by various places, * * * 27 provinces will reduce the contribution ratio of pension insurance units to 16% at one time. Take Liaoning as an example. Previously, the contribution rate of enterprise pension insurance units in Liaoning was 18% except Dalian, and 20% in other regions, making it one of the provinces with the highest contribution rate in China. "The heavy burden of corporate social security contributions is not conducive to the formation of a fair competition market environment, which has affected the business environment of our province to some extent." Liaoning province analyzed in this policy interpretation.

Different from other provinces, where the rates have been greatly reduced, areas below 16% choose to gradually increase the payment ratio, which is in line with the national unified standards.

On April 30th, Guangdong issued the Transition Plan of the Unit Payment Ratio of the Basic Old-age Insurance for Urban Employees in Guangdong Province, which clarified that the city with the current unit payment ratio of 13% should adjust the unit payment ratio to 14% by the end of 2020, and then gradually transition the unit payment ratio to 16% according to the unified national deployment. According to the reporter of Time Weekly, the payment ratio of Shenzhen and Zhuhai in Guangdong is 13%.

It is worth mentioning that the transition plan is valid for five years. On April 25th, an online social security fee reduction plan of Guangdong Province explained the "validity period": from 202 1 1, the proportion of unit contributions will increase by 0.5% percentage points every year until 2024 1, and the whole province will pay fees. However, the above content did not appear in the plan officially announced on April 30, and the specific expression was changed to "The specific transition plan was formulated by the municipal human resources and social security, finance and taxation departments".

Zhejiang is similar to Guangdong. At present, the contribution rate of endowment insurance in each city is 14%. Up to now, Zhejiang has not announced the social security rate adjustment plan.

In addition, some areas will not adjust the proportion of unit contributions for the time being, but they all indicated that they will formulate transitional measures. Chongqing proposed that the contribution ratio of small and micro enterprises should remain unchanged at 12% for the time being, and the transitional measures should be formulated separately. Fujian requires Xiamen to formulate provincial-level overall transition measures in accordance with state regulations.

Xiamen is the region with the lowest contribution rate of endowment insurance enterprises in China. On June 7th, 65438, the contribution rate of endowment insurance units in Xiamen was adjusted from 14% to 12%, and the lower limit of the contribution base was adjusted from 60% of the average social wage to the minimum wage in this city.

Dong Dengxin, director of the Institute of Financial Securities of Wuhan University of Science and Technology and a core member of the 50-member Forum on China's Pension Finance, analyzed the reporter of Time Weekly. There are two main modes of transition in different regions: first, the proportion of unit payment is gradually adjusted from 14% to 16%, which is consistent with the whole country; The second is to keep the original proportion unchanged, but the local government provides a larger amount of financial subsidies to the social security fund as the accumulation of the fund.

Gradually increase the lower limit of the payment base to 60%.

In addition to lowering the rate, the "threshold" for employees to participate in insurance contributions has also been lowered.

According to the plan of the State Council, all localities should determine the upper and lower limits of the social security payment base by weighted calculation of the average wages of employees in non-private units and private units in cities and towns in this province. Previously, the average wage only covered non-private units, and this expansion to the full caliber will narrow the base of social security contributions.

5 1 Yu qingquan, founder of social security, said in an interview with Time Weekly that the above regulations will affect high-income groups that exceed the upper limit and low-income groups that are below the original lower limit. "But the number of low-income groups is far greater than that of all high-income groups. Lowering the lower limit of the base is conducive to reducing the' starting price' of social security fees for employment and alleviating the crowding-out effect of high social security thresholds. "

At the same time, the State Council requires that the lower limit of the basic old-age insurance payment base is 60% of the average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units, and the upper limit is 300%. In this context, Beijing proposed that the minimum standard of basic old-age insurance for urban workers be adjusted from 40% in July 20 19 to 46%, 52% in July 2020 and 60% in July 200219.

Similar to Beijing, Sichuan will also raise the lower limit of social security payment base year by year: 50% of the average salary of employees in full-caliber urban units in the province in 20 19, 55% in 2020 and 60% in 202 1 year.

Chongqing and Fujian have not yet made rigid requirements for the adjustment of the lower limit of the payment base. Taking Chongqing as an example, from 20 19, local enterprises in Chongqing can choose a suitable payment base between 60% and 300% of the average salary of employees in the previous year. The lower limit of payment base of social security units of enterprises in difficult industries has been adjusted to 1 800 yuan/month since May 20 19/day, and subsequent transitional measures shall be formulated separately.

Clear the timetable of provincial master plan.

This year, the social security cost has dropped considerably. You Jun, Vice Minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, predicted at the press conference on April 4th that in 20 19, the payment burden of enterprise old-age insurance will be reduced by more than19 billion yuan, and at the same time, the payment burden of enterprise unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance will be reduced by more than10 billion yuan. Together, the three types of insurance can reduce the burden of social security contributions by more than 300 billion yuan.

Under the condition of ensuring that social security benefits are not affected, behind the reduction of 300 billion yuan, the pressure on the balance of payments of social security funds has greatly increased.

In order to solve the problems of different old-age burdens in different places and low fund scale effect, the 19th National Congress explicitly requested to realize the national overall planning of old-age insurance as soon as possible, that is, unified system regulations, unified fund scheduling and use, unified management and unified information system.

As the first step of national overall planning, from July, 65438 to July, 2065438 1 day, the central adjustment system for endowment insurance funds was implemented, with the adjustment ratio of 3%-this year the adjustment ratio will be increased to 3.5%. Liu Kun, Minister of Finance, predicted during the two sessions this year that the scale of the central adjustment fund will reach 600 billion yuan in the whole year, which can alleviate the pressure on the income and expenditure of social security funds in individual provinces.

On the other hand, at present, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces have achieved provincial-level pension planning. In the plans announced in various places, it is mentioned in many places that it will "accelerate the provincial-level overall planning of pensions" and clarify the specific timetable.

Hunan will officially implement the provincial-level overall fund revenue and expenditure from July 1 day, and Ningxia will implement it before September 30. Shanxi, Jilin, Hebei, Gansu, Hainan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Xinjiang and other provinces set the time of provincial-level overall planning of endowment insurance as 2020, which is also the last timeline given by the state for the social security fund to achieve provincial-level overall planning.