What are the characteristics and functions of social insurance?

(1) social insurance

Social insurance refers to a social security system in which the state raises funds through various channels through legislation, and gives workers economic subsidies to enjoy basic living conditions when they temporarily or permanently lose their ability to work or stop working for other reasons, and have no economic income or their income decreases. Judging from the content of social insurance, it is based on economic security. The social insurance system in various countries, whether perfect or not, has three characteristics: compulsory, social and welfare. According to the provisions of China's labor law, social insurance projects are divided into endowment insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance.

(2) Social relief

Social relief refers to the social security system in which the state and society provide free material assistance to low-income people living below the poverty line or people suffering from disasters. From the historical development, social relief precedes social insurance. As early as 1536, France passed legislation requiring the registration of poor people in parishes to maintain their basic needs. 160 1 year, Britain promulgated the poverty relief law to relieve the poor. China's ancient "Yicang" was also a relief system. These are the main forms of social relief system. Maintaining the lowest level of basic living is the basic feature of the social relief system. The main sources of social assistance funds are government financial expenditure and social donations.

(3) Social welfare

Social welfare in a broad sense refers to the general name of welfare allowances, welfare facilities and social services provided by the state to improve and enhance the material life and spiritual life of all social members. In a narrow sense, social welfare refers to the necessary living security provided by the state to the elderly, children, the disabled and other people in society who need special care.

(4) Special care and placement

Special care and resettlement refers to a social security system in which the state gives preferential treatment, pension and resettlement to special workers such as soldiers and their relatives and their families. In China, the objects of special care and resettlement are mainly the families of martyrs, demobilized veterans, disabled soldiers and their families; The contents of special care and resettlement mainly include the payment of pensions, preferential payments and subsidies, the establishment of military sanatoriums and glorious homes, and the resettlement of demobilized soldiers.

Social security system is a basic system in modern countries, and its perfection has become one of the important symbols of social civilization and progress. In China, social security work is directly related to upholding the party's purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, safeguarding the vital interests of the people and ensuring the overall situation of reform, opening up and stable development of economic construction. Whether the social security system and the legal system are sound or not will directly affect the country's economic development and social stability. The functions of the social security system are: (1) to establish and improve the social security system that is suitable for the level of economic development, which is an important content of deepening the economic system reform and improving the socialist market economic system; (2) Establishing and perfecting the social security system is an important guarantee for social stability and long-term stability of the country; Social security system is the balancer of social equity.

The current social security system cannot fully meet the requirements of the market economy system, mainly in the following aspects:

Social security coverage is not wide enough; (2) Difficulties in raising social security funds; (3) Multi-head management and decentralization; (D) Unemployment insurance is facing unprecedented pressure; (5) The aging population has an impact on the whole social security system; (6) The legitimacy of social security is not strong, and a social security law is urgently needed.

The goal and task of social security system construction in China;

(a) adhere to the combination of social pooling and individual accounts, and improve the basic old-age insurance system for employees.

(2) Further promote the reform of the medical insurance system.

(three) continue to do a good job in the implementation of the minimum living guarantee for urban residents and fully implement the minimum living guarantee system for rural residents.

Improve the social assistance system.

(five) to speed up the establishment of rural old-age insurance, medical insurance and minimum living security system.

(six) to further strengthen the collection of social insurance premiums.

Social security includes the following basic elements:

First, it was established according to law. That is, the modern social security system follows the principle of legislation first and is established through social security legislation, and legal norms are the objective basis and basis for the establishment of social security system.

Second, we should emphasize people-oriented. It aims to protect and improve people's life and enhance national welfare, including economic security and service security.

Third, it has economic benefits. That is, from the perspective of direct economic benefits, due to the participation and responsibility sharing of the government, employers and all walks of life, the benefits of the beneficiaries are greater than their expenses.

Fourth, it belongs to social behavior. That is, official institutions or social organizations undertake the implementation of social security, rather than the direct corresponding behavior of suppliers and beneficiaries.

From the level of division, social security can be divided into the following three levels:

Economic security. That is to ensure people's lives economically, through cash payment or assistance, and solve the problem of economic sources when people encounter difficulties in their lives.

Service guarantee. That is, to adapt to the change of family structure and the weakening of self-protection function, and to meet the national demand for personal life care services by providing services. Such as services for the elderly, rehabilitation services and children.

Spiritual security. In addition to the needs of economic security and service security, people can't live without corresponding emotional security in real life, that is, spiritual comfort is also a necessary part of people's normal and healthy life.

Therefore, modern social security is increasingly shouldering the responsibility of comforting the needy and providing spiritual security. Of course, spiritual security belongs to the protection of cultural, ethical and psychological comfort, which highlights the humanized requirements of the social security system, so it belongs to a higher level of protection. Although it is difficult to construct spiritual security as a specific institutional arrangement in practice, the practice of social security system in developed countries or regions shows that it is indeed necessary to respect and meet the spiritual security needs of people in need in institutionalized arrangements.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.