How to deepen the reform of the pension insurance system and improve the social security system

First take various measures to continue to expand pension insurance coverage

Expanding pension insurance coverage is a system that China has been actively promoting. At present, the country began to pilot the implementation of the new rural insurance and urban residents pension insurance, theoretically will be within a few years of China's pension insurance coverage more than doubled, but nothing can be accomplished overnight. More importantly, attention should be paid not only to the coverage but also to the quality of benefits. To this end, the author for the expansion of pension insurance coverage put forward the following suggestions: First, focus on solving the new rural insurance and new city insurance is difficult to cover the flexible employment, laid-off workers, rural migrant workers to participate in the insurance problem, for this part of the population but also to consider the affordability of their contributions.

While the state has made some concessions for their contributions, individuals need to bear 20% of their salary for pension insurance alone, which is undoubtedly a big burden for any one person. After this part of the people to participate in the insurance, due to the excessive burden of contributions, there will be the problem of arrears of pension insurance premiums, individual more difficult economic situation, there will also be the phenomenon of withdrawal from the insurance. In order to reduce the contribution burden of this group of people, we should encourage them to participate more and withdraw less. Existing provinces and municipalities contribution base is generally divided into two grades, it is recommended that the low grade every two years to change the base, thus directly or indirectly increase the participation rate, expanding the coverage. Second, to strengthen the new rural social pension insurance and urban residents social pension insurance publicity, cultivate urban and rural residents of social insurance awareness. Television features, radio stations, posting of slogans, and consulting services should be utilized to vigorously publicize pension insurance policies and regulations, and to create an atmosphere in society as a whole in which everyone participates in pension insurance. Thirdly, joint law enforcement should be strengthened and enforcement efforts should be increased. Supervision and inspection of enterprises that have already participated in the insurance, non-public economic organizations to strengthen the rigidity of constraints, make full use of and give full play to the binding force and effectiveness of existing laws and regulations, the implementation of comprehensive governance, and the implementation of constraints on enterprises and industrial and commercial households do not fulfill the obligations of social security.

Secondly, the level of coordination should be raised to enhance the fund's function of social mutual aid

First, given the large number of rural migrant workers, their mobility, and the country's limited financial resources, the rural migrant workers are still guaranteed land, and it is appropriate to adopt a fully accumulative system for the management of their pension insurance funds. Should be as soon as possible to the various social security institutions collected by the rural migrant workers' pension insurance fund into the national unified rural migrant workers' pension insurance account, the implementation of centralized management. This is to prevent the social security fund for rural migrant workers collected by each social security agency from being misappropriated or squeezed out due to the increase in the level of payment of social security benefits for urban workers, leading to the formation of a new debt of the state for the social insurance of rural migrant workers. Therefore, any social insurance fund for migrant workers that has been misappropriated or squeezed by a local government must be made up by that local treasury.

Secondly, pension insurance for urban workers, flexibly employed people and urban residents can be implemented in two steps. The first step would be to upgrade pension insurance to provincial level, an important step towards further improving the social security system and moving towards national unification. Specific measures could be taken to implement a unified system, unified standards, unified management and unified transfer management, which would not only be conducive to promoting the scientific and rational mobility of human resources, but would also be conducive to strengthening the management of the fund, increasing its value-added and enhancing its transfer function, and would be more conducive to the realization of the Law of Numbers and to the enhancement of the ****conomic nature of social insurance. The second step will be upgraded to national coordination, which is a positive and feasible way in line with China's national conditions.

Finally, for rural residents' old-age insurance, it can first take the municipal and county level, gradually upgrade to provincial level, and finally reach the national coordination.

Thirdly, to solve the hidden debt, make the personal account solid

The country has already done the groundwork in solving the hidden debt, that is, to set up the National Council for Social Security Funds (NCSSF), which will centrally manage the funds allocated by the state treasury to assist the pension insurance fund, as well as shares of state-owned joint-stock companies listed on the stock market, which will be reduced. However, the burden of contributions on enterprises and individual workers must not be increased, since the income of our citizens is still at a relatively low level, while the proportion of their contributions and the amount of their contributions are already very high. In addition to the above national financial compensation and allocation of state-owned shares to solve the hidden debt method, can take the issue of special national debt approach, the pension fund held by the funds used to offset the hidden debt arrears, so that the smooth transition of pension insurance conversion, the future by the fund balance and value-added income and then pay off the special national debt. In our country after the gradual fading of peak employment, can also be appropriate to extend the retirement age, so that the fund to pay less, more accumulation, but also can solve part of the hidden debt [8].

As mentioned earlier, the main cause of the empty account is the hidden debt, therefore, to what extent the hidden debt is solved, the speed and efficiency of the solution, will directly affect the current problem of filling the empty account of the personal account pension in China. To this end, a strict division of social and personal account management, the two accounts to be completely separate, blocking any through the channel, not to be ruthless is not able to solve the problem of personal account funds are misappropriated, but also can not solve the problem of the new empty accounts; Secondly, we must improve the current national social security fund and the future is ready to invest in the operation of the provinces and municipalities of the investment and operation of the pension fund balance of the investment and operation of the efficiency of the fund, and to increase the accumulation of the fund to offset the hidden debt! In order to indirectly alleviate the problem of empty accounts being misappropriated, and make the empty accounts [9].

Fourth to promote the investment and operation of the fund to realize the preservation and appreciation of value

With the increasing scale of the pension fund, it should take a flexible but not lose the stability of the investment strategy, put this part of the dead funds into operation to cope with the risk of inflation, and to realize the preservation and appreciation of the value of the fund.

One is to focus the investment direction of the pension insurance fund on the construction of a longer period of time, there is a stable return in the field of long-term investment, in order to truly play the advantages of long-term capital, to create the maximum economic benefits [10]; the second is that, with the further standardization of the domestic capital market, the basic pension insurance fund should be actively explored to invest in the market, allowing it to buy high-quality listed companies corporate bonds, subscribe to the public equity fund as well as enter the stock market to invest directly. In view of the fact that pension is the life-preserving and life-saving money of the people, a corresponding pension fund investment and operation organization can be established to specialize in the operation of the pension fund. Can refer to the national social security fund investment path, consider the advantages of various insurance companies, investment fund companies, trust and investment companies and other professional companies, specific operation of the pension fund; in the case of ripe conditions, and then set up a specialized pension fund operating companies, direct investment in the securities market. The operation and supervision of these organizations can be considered by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Securities and Futures Commission and other joint supervision.

Conducting reform

China's current institutional retirement system began to be established in 1955, 60 years, this system has played an important role in protecting the lives of retirees and stabilizing the cadres. But with the establishment and development of the socialist market economic system, but also gradually exposed some contradictions. From the internal point of view of the system, there are two main ones: firstly, the retirees are managed according to the units, and the retirement expenses are all borne by the finance or the units, and the burden between the units is abnormally light and heavy, and the phenomenon of overburdening the retirement expenses and not being able to guarantee the timely and full payment has even appeared in some districts and units, especially in some grass-roots institutions; secondly, the current method of calculating and paying the retirement expenses is based on the "final salary" of the staff members before their retirement. Secondly, the current method of calculating retirement contributions is based on the staff's "final salary" before retirement, and is calculated according to the length of service in grades, the grades are relatively coarse, and it is difficult to reflect the detailed difference between the length of service of cadres of the same level, and even more so, it is impossible to fully reflect the contribution of the staff's labor throughout their careers. At the social level, in the 1990s, enterprises reformed their original retirement systems and implemented a basic pension insurance system that combines social coordination with individual accounts, and other urban employment groups have also been brought into the scope of this system one after another. At present, only organizations and institutions are still implementing the original retirement system, and the different modes of retirement security systems have given rise to the contradictions of the "two-track system" and "differential treatment". This is highlighted by the fact that enterprise units and individual employees pay pension insurance premiums, and the level of treatment is closely linked to the amount of contributions; whereas institutions and their staff do not contribute, and their treatment has nothing to do with contributions, thus prompting the community to question the fairness of the pension security system. At the same time, due to the different modes of the system, it is difficult to transfer and continue the pension insurance relationship when employees of institutions and enterprises exchange with each other, which, to a certain extent, restricts the reasonable mobility and optimal allocation of human resources. Therefore, this reform is of great significance.

It is conducive to promoting the construction of urban and rural pension security system in an integrated manner. The CPC Central Committee has taken the comprehensive completion of a social security system covering urban and rural residents as one of the important goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects. In recent years, with the comprehensive establishment of the pension insurance system for urban and rural residents, the vast majority of rural and urban residents generally participate in the insurance system, together with urban enterprise workers and other employment groups, the socialized pension insurance system has covered more than 840 million people nationwide, while more than 50 million institutional workers and retirees are outside the pension insurance system, becoming the system of full coverage of the " short board" and "short board" and "short board" and "short board". This has become a "short board" and an "island" for the full coverage of the system. Reform of the institutional pension insurance system is an inevitable choice to accelerate the goal of building a social security system covering urban and rural residents.

It is conducive to gradually resolving the contradiction of "poor treatment". Organizational institutions staff do not pay personal contributions to enjoy a higher level of retirement benefits, rights and obligations do not correspond to the focus of the conflict. After the reform of the pension insurance system of institutions, the basic pension insurance to implement the same basic system model and policy with the enterprise, reflecting the system of fairness and rules of fairness, can gradually resolve the contradiction of the large treatment gap.

It is conducive to promoting the deepening of reform in institutions. In recent years, in accordance with the provisions of the civil service law, began to implement the civil service resignation and dismissal system, some regions have also carried out the pilot appointment system for civil servants, institutions are also speeding up the classification reform, the implementation of full employment system. In order to form a mechanism for employing people who can come in and go out, with reasonable mobility, to spread the burden of retirement costs in the unit, and to ensure the payment of pensions to institutions, it is necessary to set up a pension insurance system that is integrated and mutually beneficial, and managed in a socialized manner.

It is conducive to fully reflecting the labor contribution of staff. Changing the current method of calculating retirement contributions to determining basic pension benefits according to the level of contributions and the number of years of contributions, and paying more and getting more and getting more for a longer period of time can more comprehensively reflect the labor contribution of the entire career of the staff of the institutions, and further enhance the incentive.　

In short, the reform and improvement of pension insurance is a complex and arduous task, but it's a threshold we can't get around in the process of coping with aging, improving the social security system and even China's modernization. With the introduction of the social insurance law, China's economic strength, China's philosophy of governance more and more humane, we have reason to believe that under the constraints of the law, under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, through continuous social practice and reform, China's pension insurance will be more and more mature, more and more perfect.