In Germany's rural endowment insurance system, what is the system of fees paid by farmers?

Germany is the first country in the world to enact the old-age insurance law. As early as the late19th century, it promulgated the Old Age and Disability Insurance Law, which provided legal protection for workers and employees. After World War II, Germany's old-age insurance system covered farmers. 1957 promulgated the "farmers' pension relief law", which stipulates that farmers' social pension insurance is compulsory insurance independent of workers, employees and freelancers. The law also stipulates the subject and proportion of payment, part of which is subsidized by the state, and the state sets up special institutions to supervise and manage insurance benefits. After entering the 2 1 century, the German economy is facing the pressure of weak growth and high unemployment rate. The government has set up the "German Social Insurance System Sustainable Development Committee" [1] to continue to reform the old-age insurance system to adapt to the new development situation, but the basic legal principles have not changed. German farmers' old-age insurance system has the following characteristics:

First, the old-age insurance system for farmers is relatively perfect. The old-age insurance system for farmers in Germany continues the characteristics of the insurance subsidy model, that is, different social members have different standards, and the level of treatment is related to the amount of payment, and pay as you go. Farmers have an old-age insurance system independent of the statutory old-age insurance. In the German Agricultural Social Insurance Fund, more than 20 agricultural social insurances have been established to provide comprehensive and systematic protection for different types of agricultural personnel. In Germany, every rural social security project has laws to follow and rules to follow. Through legislation to ensure the establishment and operation of rural old-age insurance system, farmers' participation in social old-age insurance is regarded as an obligation, and solidarity and mutual assistance are advocated at a higher level to ensure the promotion and development of the system.

The second is a social endowment insurance institution independent of the government. German pension insurance institutions have independent legal status and a high degree of management autonomy. Their organization is independent of government agencies, and their budget is also separated from the government budget. The state only supervises them from the outside. German farmers' old-age insurance is managed by federal and state rural social insurance institutions, with legal personality, a legal organization and a high degree of autonomy. Similar to the corporate legal person, the organizational system of such institutions mainly includes the congress and the board of directors, and the members are mainly composed of farmers and agricultural employees who are insured in the region. The congress is mainly responsible for formulating the articles of association, principles and rules of organization, management and operation, implementing the policies of farmers' old-age security system and determining the minimum standards of farmers' old-age insurance. As the executive body of Congress, the board of directors mainly manages the operation of pension funds and makes corresponding financial plans. In addition to the above-mentioned rural social institutions, Germany has also established the Agricultural Industrial Accident Insurance Association, which is responsible for the insurance business involving agricultural accidents. Like rural social insurance agencies, insurance federations are also legal organizations and enjoy a high degree of autonomy. The advantage of the German model lies in that the social endowment insurance institutions independent of the government are conducive to the standardization and specialization of management, and are conducive to avoiding excessive government intervention. Its status as a social non-governmental legal entity also enables it to pay more attention to the interests of the insured and coordinate the conflict between government interests and national interests. The third is to rationally distribute the responsibilities of the state, society and farmers. Macroscopically, the construction and operation of rural endowment insurance system is dominated by the state. At the micro level, individual farmers, as the main body to bear the rural old-age insurance costs, need to pay13 of the rural old-age insurance costs in order to enjoy the rights and interests of rural old-age insurance. At the same time, the government provides farmers with necessary financial support to a certain extent, and the rest is filled by the social security fund. Reasonable distribution of insurance responsibilities among the state, society and farmers not only reduces the economic pressure of farmers, but also avoids the heavy financial burden of the government.

The fourth is the diversification of payment methods. In Germany, the payment method of rural endowment insurance is mainly realized in cash, and a novel and special kind of payment method is also adopted. In addition, in the case of specific risks, the payment of endowment insurance can also be realized in the form of physical payment. For example, in the case of disability, rehabilitation treatment can be used instead of cash payment. This special payment method not only meets the needs of social security, but also promotes social employment, which has a dual positive effect on social development.

Fifth, fully consider the particularity of agriculture and the needs of agricultural development. In Germany, according to the provisions of its general statutory social insurance, the insurance premium that the insured should pay is commensurate with his income level. But in agriculture, the situation is different. Because agriculture is greatly influenced by natural conditions, farmers' income is difficult to predict, so the social insurance premium that farmers should pay is generally irrelevant to their income level. Germany's rural endowment insurance implements the principle of "unified insurance premium", that is, all policyholders pay the same insurance premium. [2] At the same time, with the change of industrial structure and the improvement of agricultural modernization in Germany, more and more farmers choose to turn to other occupations. In order to cooperate with agricultural development and give consideration to farmers' interests, German farmers' pension insurance allows farmers to transfer insurance flexibly. If farmers become employees of the company, the original payment in the rural old-age insurance system can be converted into ordinary old-age insurance. This flexible transfer insurance method enables German farmers' pension insurance to protect farmers' interests to the greatest extent.