Why can Tokugawa Ieyasu beat Ishida Mitsunari?

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1541-1616), an outstanding statesman and strategist at the end of the warring states period, was the first generation general of the edo shogunate.

Tokugawa Ieyasu, (とくがわぃぇやす) (astronomy 1 1 year 65438+February 26th-Yuan and April 2nd1year. 1 54365438+1October 31-1June 61) was born in Okazaki city near Nagoya, and is the eldest son of Hiroshi Matsuhei, the owner of Okazaki city. His original surname was Song, and his nickname was Takechiyo. His first name was Yuanxin, later renamed Yuankang, and finally changed his name. Tokugawa Ieyasu's ancestor was a local tyrant who made a fortune in Sanhe, and gradually rose to the name of the Warring States Period. By Songping Guangzhong's generation, Song Shiping had owned the whole Sanjiangzhou. However, its neighboring countries are sandwiched between two powerful Oda clans and Suruga Imagawa, and their status is very unstable.

1547, Songping Guangzhong fought with Zhang Wei's Oda Nobuhide. In order to ask Imagawa Yoshimoto of Suruga for help, he sent six-year-old Konka as the hostage of Imakawa's family, but he was caught by Oda clan halfway and kept in Hotan for two years. During this period, his father Guangzhong was assassinated by his trusted minister. 1549 qwe rty, who served as Imakawa's military adviser, commanded 7000 troops to capture Anxiang City at the intersection of Sanjiang, and captured the garrison commander Oda Shinbo alive. Xuezhai then negotiated with Nobuhiko Oda, and successfully exchanged Nobuhiro for Chiyo Matsuhira (Tokugawa Ieyasu). Tokugawa Ieyasu returned to Okazaki, and on 10, he became the hostage of Imakawa. From 8 years old to 19 years old 12 years old, Tokugawa Ieyasu lived in Suruga as a hostage.

1560, the battle of narrow barrels, Oda clan was defeated by Ishikawa today, and Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed. From then on, Tokugawa Ieyasu got rid of today's Ishikawa and became independent. 1562 formed an alliance with nobunaga Oda and began to manage Sanjiang in an all-round way. Anxious for success, he took drastic measures, which caused uprisings all over Sanjiang at 1563. After his recent attacks and brutal suppression of the uprising, he gradually consolidated his ruling foundation.

1568, Tokugawa Ieyasu's ally, Nobutaka Oda, entered Kyoto and took the first step to unify the whole country. At this time, Tokugawa Ieyasu, which has laid a solid foundation in Sanjiang, began to adopt the eastward policy. 1570, defeated Asai and asakura in Mei Chuan and moved the office to Hamamatsu. But at this time, Takeda Shingen also wants to seize the national power. In order to clear the obstacles on the March, he sent troops to Yuanjiang and Sanhe many times.

1572 10, Takeda Shingen led 45,000 people into Kyoto. When Tokugawa Ieyasu heard the news, he led his troops and Oda Nobunaga to reinforce more than 10,000 people to attack Sanfang. This war is called the tripartite primitive war. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides and the clever use of troops, the allied forces of Tokugawa and Oda were defeated, and Oda aid general Fan Xiu died. The battle killed more than one thousand people, and Tokugawa Ieyasu fled back to Hamamatsu. Although Tokugawa Ieyasu was defeated, Takeda Shingen admired the courage and tenacity of the Tokugawa army. After seeing the body of the Sanhe Army, Nosuke, a fierce general in Takeda Shingen, said to Nosuke: "All the soldiers who fell face down and Hamamatsu's soldiers who fell face up show that these soldiers were killed when they rushed forward, and none of them were beheaded because they tried to escape." It is said that it was through this campaign that Tokugawa Ieyasu won the reputation of "a male in the sea".

Since then, while confronting the Takeda family, Tokugawa Ieyasu has strengthened its construction in the territory. 1575 In May, Oda clan united to defeat Takeda Shenglai in the battle of filial piety. 158 1 Takada Shencheng trapped in Yuanjiang expelled Takeda's family from Yuanjiang. The following year, Takeda's family perished with Oda clan, and Junhe was acquired.

Nobunaga Oda died in Beno Temple on 1582. Nobunaga died, and there was a fierce struggle among the famous names around who the regime fell into. Honnoji Temple transition, Tokugawa Ieyasu in the border town, in order to take a shortcut, had to go back to Sanhe. During this period, Hattori Shimada Hanzo and others escorted him back to Sanhe safely, avoiding danger.

When Tokugawa Ieyasu returned to Okazaki, he found that the real power of the central government had been taken away by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In order to accumulate strength and prepare to compete with Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the future, he strengthened his determination to move eastward. Soon he sent troops to occupy Jia Fei and put his hand into Xinzhou. By about 1583, Tokugawa Ieyasu successively brought Yuanjiang, Hejun, Jiafei and Nanxinglong into its sphere of influence.

At that time, the separation of soldiers and farmers in Donghai Road was very slow, and there was no famous Shimonoseki town like Otani and Beidao. Governors and their fiefs are still closely linked, so to control governors, we must firmly control the land. In view of this situation, Tokugawa Ieyasu adopted the form of enfeoffment to all vassals at that time, and controlled them through land ties.

During this period, Tokugawa Ieyasu also attached great importance to the development of industry and commerce in its territory. As early as in Sanjiangyuan Prefecture, he regarded the Xiaoshan New Town in Sanjiangyuan as a "music market" and exempted from various taxes and tariffs. After moving to Hamamatsu, he reorganized various industrial and commercial organizations. After conquering Jia Fei, it unified the weights and measures of the whole Jia Fei and attracted foreign businessmen to trade in Sanhe and Yuanjiang. Through these measures, Tokugawa Ieyasu not only stabilized its control over the new territory, but also strengthened its economic strength.

Since then, Toyotomi Hideyoshi has promoted domestic reunification step by step, and soon became the minister of Guan Bai and Zheng Tai, and really mastered the state power. Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu naturally became a relationship similar to the master-slave relationship.

When Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquered Kyushu, Tokugawa Ieyasu was not drafted into the army and got rid of huge consumption. But he took part in the battle when 1590 conquered Odahara. After the demise of the North Island, Tokugawa Ieyasu was sealed in Guanbazhou and paid 2.6 million stones a year. On August 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu left the Five Kingdoms and moved to Edo (now Tokyo). Since then, he has taken a series of measures to comprehensively manage Kanto.

First, a new way is adopted to distribute the retainer. In Musashi, Sagami and other places near Edo, Tokugawa Ieyasu concentrated subordinate ministers directly under the central government and fiefs below ten thousand stones. Senior courtiers above Shiwan are arranged as far away as possible, with a slightly thinner distribution density in the southwest of Kanto and a higher density in the border area bordering hostile names in the east. Obviously, this configuration is a combat system. And when he entered Kanto, he decided to convert the fief into output and send it to the retainer. These measures have played a great role in further controlling the retainer and consolidating the new territory of Kanto.

Secondly, in order to adjust the tenancy relationship in rural areas and stabilize the order in the New Territories, Tokugawa Ieyasu also carried out a large-scale land inspection. The specific method is to mark the name epaulettes on the land register at the upper right of the registered farmer's name, indicating which owner owns the land cultivated by that person. Doing so not only recognizes the land ownership of the Lord and makes him bear the responsibility of paying tribute every year, but also recognizes the unstable farming rights of the tenant farmers. This measure is a good way to manage a relatively backward area like Kanto.

Finally, Tokugawa Ieyasu also attaches great importance to the development of industry and commerce in its territory. In order to solve the problem of land transportation and attract foreign businessmen to do business in Edo, Ma Yun Service Office was set up in Daozhong by recruiting people from Edo and surrounding rural areas. In order to solve the problem of waterway traffic, organize manpower to dig ditches and let ships dock directly at the gates of Edo. And appoint someone to manage the weights and measures in the collar; Entrust local tyrants in the old territory to develop Edo urban construction and manage industry and commerce; After 1592, one or two gold coins were cast, which were called musashi station to promote currency circulation. With the gradual progress of Edo construction and the prosperity of industry and commerce, foreign businessmen came to Edo in succession. Tokugawa Ieyasu's construction of Kanto provided great economic support and solid foundation for him to seize the national political power later.

1598 After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu was the leader of five ancient families. 1600, he attacked Uesugi Kagekatsu. In September of the same year, he defeated Ishida Mitsunari in the battle of Guanyuan and took control of the national political power. 1February, 603, was appointed by the imperial court as Genji's general, right minister and elder (that is, Genji's patriarch and master). In the same year, he opened a shogunate in Edo. 1605, he gave the position of general to his son Xiuzhong and retired to Fujun City, but as Ogsho, he still held the military and political power. 1665438+The Battle of Osaka (now Osaka) in May 2005 wiped out Toyotomi Hideyori and realized the so-called "Yuan and Yanwu". In March 2006, he became the minister of Zheng Tai. On April/0/7, 2007, he died in Fu Jun at the age of 76 and was buried in Jiuneng Mountain. The following year, Zhuizheng was named Emperor Zhaodi, and was later reburied in Guang Ri.

During the Warring States Period in Japan, the struggle for political power between feudal lords and famous families was fierce, and the realization of national reunification was the inevitable trend of historical development in this period. In this situation, Tokugawa Ieyasu must recognize the overall situation of reunification and adopt flexible policies and strategies according to local conditions. At this point, it can be said that he complied with the times and took appropriate measures.

After the change of Benneng Temple, Toyotomi Hideyoshi took control of the situation first, which made Tokugawa Ieyasu lose a chance to seize the national political power. At that time, although the overall situation was unfavorable to him, the relationship and strength between him and Toyotomi Hideyoshi were not comparable to those of Oda Noshin. In order to improve his situation, he took limited actions. 1584, at the request of Nobuo Oda, Tokugawa Ieyasu waged a long war with Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which was a limited act for limited purposes. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated a team in Toyotomi Hideyoshi in a long-term hand-to-hand combat, killed Toyotomi Hideyoshi's brave general Nosuke Ikeda, and forced Toyotomi Hideyoshi to make peace on favorable terms, which had a great influence on the whole country. Toyotomi Hideyoshi had to treat Tokugawa Ieyasu differently. When Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent troops to North Korea, he did not include Tokugawa Ieyasu's troops in the naval battle. On the surface, it seems to be Tokugawa Ieyasu's luck. In fact, this is Tokugawa Ieyasu's use of his own strength and clever strategy. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea caused heavy losses to the Toyotomi regime and the famous soldiers in the southwest, while Tokugawa Ieyasu accumulated financial resources and strengthened its strength in the peace construction. These changes were one of the important reasons for the collapse of the Fengchen regime, and also an important turning point for Tokugawa Ieyasu to seize state power later.

Paying attention to internal governance is another important factor for Tokugawa Ieyasu's success. Tokugawa Ieyasu's internal governance is combined with reorganization and strengthening the feudal order. Before gaining national political power, every time a place is occupied, it is always necessary to rectify the rule of the new territory, rather than blindly pursuing the expansion of the territory by force. After seizing the national political power, in order to consolidate the political power, in addition to maintaining Toyotomi Hideyoshi's political achievements, a series of measures were taken to rectify and strengthen the feudal order.

One is to confiscate and reduce the territory of hostile officials, so as to enrich the economic foundation of the shogunate: Tokugawa Ieyasu confiscated 87 hostile officials, with a total income of 410.4 million stone (90 officials were confiscated), with a reduction of 3 officials and a total income of 2.07 million stone (4 officials were reduced). Three-quarters of them were transferred to their own heroes and cronies, and the remaining 1/4 was designated as the direct jurisdiction of Tokugawa. Together with the direct jurisdiction of Garfield, Xinnong, MINO, Kinho, Qian Yue, Zuodu and southern Lu Ao, the total income reached more than 60,000 stones. In addition, Tokugawa Ieyasu also includes important mines in Sato, Ishinomaki and Izu, as well as Kyoto and Izu. In this way, the shogunate almost controlled most of the country's important financial resources.

The second is to establish the feudal rule system of the Mufan system. Tokugawa Ieyasu divided the names of the whole country into three categories according to the background of the shogunate. The first category is his son and Tokugawa family, known as "relatives"; The second category is heroes who are loyal to themselves and their ancestors, called "Daiming", and "pro-vassal" and "Daiying" are the pillars of the shogunate regime; The third category is those who were as famous as Tokugawa Ieyasu before the official garden war, or those who were loyal to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's surrender after the war. Those who fall into this category are called "foreign names". Tokugawa Ieyasu has mixed three types of names, so as to monitor foreign names by genealogical and ancestral names. Secondly, in order to strengthen the samurai's rule and establish the authority of the shogunate, the martial law was promulgated in 16 15. Its essence is to reward civil and military officials, to be extravagant and frugal, to be strict with grades (that is, the level of clothing and riding skills), not to store ronin, not to build a city without authorization, not to marry privately, and not to form a party, but the most important thing is to stipulate the system of "participating in the DPRK" for Daming. According to the regulations, foreign names in China are divided into two parts: east and west, half living in Edo and half living in territory; April each year is the replacement period of two famous books in the east and west (unless otherwise stipulated by the famous books in the spectrum generation). A famous wife must always live in Edo. In fact, as a hostage, Mingsu led his attendants according to his position, forming a "vassal level" and attending the Edo pilgrimage on schedule. Due to the large number of "princes", the cost of going back and forth between Edo and China is very huge. Therefore, this system can not only make the shogunate actually take the name given by Edo as hostage, but also consume a lot of financial resources of the name, making it unable to resist. At the same time, Tokugawa Ieyasu further implemented Toyotomi Hideyoshi's policy of separating soldiers from farmers, improved the identity system, and divided the whole Japanese society into four levels: taxi, agriculture, and industry and commerce, with the vertical master-slave relationship running through all levels. Finally, in 16 15, the imperial court and the temple fair promulgated the Law on the Prohibition of Public Office in China and the Law on Five Mountains and Ten Temples. In this way, a complete curtain-vassal system was formed, with the system of avatar as the core and the shogunate as the political center, from emperors and ministers to princes, generals and warriors, monks, farmers, craftsmen and businessmen. Tokugawa era countries in Tokugawa mainly rely on this system.

Thirdly, in foreign affairs, Tokugawa Ieyasu is not a completely closed country. Immediately after the establishment of the shogunate, he sent envoys to North Korea and resumed diplomatic relations with North Korea on 1608. At the same time, actively seek indirect trade with the Ming Dynasty. In order to meet the needs of military supplies and raw silk trade, he also actively developed trade with western European countries in the early days after the establishment of the shogunate in 1608. He hired an Englishman, An Shi of Mihura, as a diplomatic consultant and trade official, and learned world knowledge, astronomy and mathematics from him. He even acquiesced in the spread of Christianity, and later banned it because he felt it endangered Japan's traditional feudal rule. 16 12, the shogunate first issued a religious ban in the directly administered region, which was extended to the whole country the following year. Since 16 15, Athena Chu's shipping trade has been strictly restricted.

Fourth, Tokugawa Ieyasu strongly advocates cultural rule. He is very studious and likes reading classics about governing the country and leveling the world. In view of the fact that Buddhism has been closely combined with manor system since the word Kamakura shogunate, he has been restraining Buddhism and promoting Confucianism before he founded the shogunate. After the establishment of the shogunate, he believed that the manor system had been completely destroyed, and Buddhism declined because of the loss of the old economic base and the heavy political blow. Restoring the prestige of Buddhism at this time is not only harmless but also beneficial to consolidating the new regime. Therefore, in his later years, he gradually fostered Buddhism and discussed Buddhism with famous monks, which increasingly tended to the ideological rule of combining Confucianism and Buddhism.

Tokugawa Ieyasu's greatest achievement in his life was to rectify and consolidate Japan's feudal order after Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and push Japan's feudal society to a new stage. The Tokugawa shogunate he founded has maintained peaceful reunification in Japanese history for more than 260 years, providing a slightly better social environment for the development of Japanese feudal economy than in the era of manor system. However, the Japanese feudal system reorganized and strengthened by Tokugawa Ieyasu is still based on the self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy. Strict identity system imprisons everyone in a narrow framework, which seriously hinders social progress. He did not promote the free development of folk trade and embarked on the road of mercantilism in modern times, but maintained feudal political rule for the political and economic needs of the shogunate, and its scope was limited to the official trade controlled by a few curtain officials, famous businessmen and privileged businessmen. Once it exceeded the political needs of the shogunate, it was immediately banned or restricted. In fact, the ban on religion issued in 16 12 was the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate's political blockade of the country. The restrictions on the trade of Zhuyin ships from 16 15 were a partial economic blockade, which was the forerunner of the Tokugawa shogunate's later nationwide blockade. In addition, Tokugawa Ieyasu's ideological rule of integrating Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in his later years played a very bad role in binding the Japanese people's thoughts. This influence continued even after the Meiji Restoration.

Ishida Mitsunari

Zhifeng General Ishida Mitsunari (English name: Ishida Mitsunari) was born in 1560 to 1600.

When Toyotomi Hideyoshi was the owner of Changbin City, Ishida Mitsunari 1574 years old. At that time, he became a boy in a temple. One day, Hideyoshi went out hunting. He was thirsty and went to the temple to drink tea. Thirty percent served a big bowl of herbal tea, and Hideyoshi drank it all at once. Then he brought half a bowl of slightly hot tea, and Xiuzhi drank it. Then 30% offered a small bowl of hotter tea, and Hideyoshi was overjoyed and took another sip. From then on, he won the trust of Hideyoshi and became Hideyoshi's entourage. This story shows that 30% have wisdom since childhood, can be alert to Hideyoshi's intentions, and his words and deeds conform to Hideyoshi's wishes. After Nobuyuki Oda died in A.D. 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi crusaded against Nobuyuki's old general Shibata Katsuie.

And threw himself into the river, forcing Chai Tian to commit suicide. I got a horse and 50 pieces of white cloth (3 feet each) for three reasons of taking part in the Northern Expedition. After the successful crusade against Chai Tian, Hideyoshi went to Osaka City on 1583 instead of Nobunaga. In 1585, he served as Guan Bai, and he was a subordinate. At that time, 30% was also promoted from five subordinate ministries to one of five practices (others were Maeda Gen'i, Asano Nagaakira Changzheng and Masuda Changsheng 1 Long Island). 5. Pursuit is the highest organ to handle state affairs. In the fourteenth year of Tianzheng (1586), he also served as the pursuit of border towns.

Ishida Mitsunari, loyal to the monarch, followed Toyotomi Hideyoshi's expedition to the north and established a series of military exploits.

(1) Crush Kyushu. At that time, Shimadzu, a noble family in Kyushu, was very powerful. In the fifteenth year of Tianzheng (AD 1587), Toyotomi Hideyoshi attacked Shimadzu with 250,000 soldiers. Thirty percent played a great role in the Crusades.

(2) crusade against Odahara. After Hideyoshi conquered the Shimadzu family, he crusaded against the North Sub-family in Kanto. In the 18th year of Tianzheng (A.D. 1590), in February, Toyotomi Hideyoshi led an army to attack Dayuan Town and became a pioneer, leading 1500 to ride east. In April, Odawara City was surrounded, and the satellite cities of Odawara City-Guanlin City and Rencheng City were captured by 30%, isolating Odawara City, and Kitajima and his son were forced to surrender in Kaesong.

(3) Rolling Austria. In order to unify Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi decided to crusade against Data Masamune, Austria, and in 159 1 sent 30% to Xiangma to disintegrate Data Masamune's allies, eventually forcing Ida to make peace.

(4) invading North Korea. After Ao Yuping's decision, domestic military operations came to an end. Then Toyotomi Hideyoshi wanted to invade Korea, and set up a base camp in Nagoya, Dongsongpu Peninsula, ready to invade Korea. On March 3rd, the first year of Luwen (AD 1592), 158000 troops invaded the DPRK and crossed the sea in nine batches. 12 On April 2nd, Pioneer Konishi Yukinaga landed in Busan. At this time, 30% of them were designated as ships carrying troops, food and weapons in Nagoya. On May 3rd, Konishi Yukinaga and Masayoshi Kato occupied the capital. Soon Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent 30% to North Korea to carry out a special task-to attack China (Ming Dynasty) and carve up the occupied area among the military commanders. 30% arrived in Beijing on July 16. On August 7, a battle meeting was held in Beijing to formulate a battle plan to consolidate the capital and attack Pyongyang in case the Ming army came to award it. As the reinforcements headed by Li arrived in time in the Ming Dynasty, they were defeated by the Ming army and withdrew from the soil. Because of the dominant position of the peace faction in the Ming Dynasty and Japan's defeat in the Battle of Bitiguan, the two countries began peace talks. 1593 May 15 Thirty percent of the party members and Ming envoys Shen retired from Beijing and Xu waited until their real names arrived in Japan to protect their homes and negotiate terms.

On September/day of the first year of Changqing (A.D. 1596), Yang Fangheng, the official negotiator of the Ming Dynasty, arrived in Osaka with Shen Weijing. Hideyoshi met with the ambassador and his party, and the ambassador read out the credentials. Because the credentials not only failed to meet the five requirements put forward by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (the princess of the Ming Dynasty married the Japanese emperor, resumed the annexation trade, sent a Korean prince and minister as hostages to Japan, ceded the south four of the Korean Eighth Route to Japan, and returned the prisoners respectively), but also named Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the king of Japan. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was furious and expelled the envoys of the Ming Dynasty, and the negotiations broke down.

In the second year of Changqing (A.D./KOOC-0/597), on February 2/KOOC-0/day, Hideyoshi invaded Korea again with/KOOC-0/4/KOOC-0/500 troops. This time Hideyoshi is not in Nagoya, but in Fujian, so 30% stayed in Fujian (in Osaka) to help Hideyoshi. However, Xiuji died suddenly in August 1598, and 30% presided over the withdrawal and made peace with the Ming Dynasty.

At the beginning, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had no children and adopted the sons of his sister Rixiu and Hao San Lu Yi as adopted sons. He is the minister with Zuo. However, after the birth of his own son Xiulai in the second year (AD 1593), his feelings for his adopted son Hidetsugu began to cool down, and he regretted giving it to Hidetsugu for nothing. So there are rumors that Hidetsugu has different views on Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Therefore, Ishida Mitsunari was ordered by Xiuzhi to meet Hidetsugu in July of the 4th year of Luwen (AD 1595) to learn the truth about Hidetsugu's rebellion and collect information everywhere. As a result, Hidetsugu committed suicide by caesarean section, and more than 20 wives and concubines were also killed. This is the so-called "scheming event". So, 30% got the territory of Jiangbei 194000 Stone, and was named the owner of Zeshan, but it was resented by Asano Nagaakira Chang Zheng and other famous stars. After Hidetsugu committed suicide in A.D. 1595, Xiulai became the heir of Xiuji.

However, Hideyoshi is young. In order to consider the future, Xiuji made the five elders (Tokugawa Ieyasu, Maeda Toshiie, Zhaoli Huiben, Zixi Duoxiujia and Uesugi Kagekatsu) and Wushou (Maeda Gen'i, Asano Nagaakira Changzheng, Zengtian Changsheng, Changdao Masaya and Ishida Mitsunari) swear allegiance twice. In particular, 30%, one of the five practices, is particularly loyal to his master Xiuji and vows to help Xiulai.

After Hideyoshi's death, there was discord among his men, and seven military commanders, including Masayoshi Kato and Masayoshi Kuroda, wanted to kill 30%. Later, thirty percent took Tokugawa Ieyasu's advice and retired from Zuohe Mountain City. After Ishida Mitsunari returned to Zuohe Mountain City, Tokugawa Ieyasu treacherously entered Taoshan Castle, and privately formed a group rebellion with famous officials. At this point, Ishida Mitsunari, who retreated to Zuohe Mountain City, decided to take advantage of Konka's attack on Uesugi Kagekatsu in Huijin, with Mi Ri Terumoto as the leader, joined the Kansai vassal, with a total force of 92,700, and attacked the border town Hotan of Fushan Castle, which was powerful at the moment. Konka led the army to fight. 1September, 600 (the fifth anniversary of the Qing dynasty), the east and west armies launched a general attack in Guanyuan (northwest of Meinong Plain) in the northwest of Dayuan from 8: 00 a.m. to 2: 30 p.m., which was called "Battle of Guanyuan" in history. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu's eastern army won and Ishida Mitsunari's western army failed. Later, Konka captured Ishida's base area, the mountain city, and the garrison commander of Dayuan City, the stronghold of western troops, surrendered in Kaesong. On September 27th, Jia visited Xiulai in Dalicheng.

On the day of the fall of Zuohe Mountain City, Konka sent Nanaka Yoshimasa to search for Ishida Mitsunari and ordered a reward of 30%. Anyone who hides it, not only himself, but also the whole family and local people will be punished.

After the defeat of the Battle of Guanyuan, Ishida Mitsunari fled to Ibuki Mountain, intending to stay here temporarily, waiting for an opportunity to sneak into Osaka and dispatch troops again. When he escaped from the official garden, there were many followers who were asked to leave Jingbian Mountain in order to avoid being seen by others. Only Hu Kan Watanabe, Saburo Ye Fan and Yoshisuke Iwano decided to stay. Together with 30% of them, they fled to Otani Mountain via Kusano Valley near Asai Prefecture. Finally, Lian told them to leave, agreed to meet in Osaka, and went over the mountains to Xiangyi County alone to join the Sanzhu Garden in Huokeji, Guqiao Village. Later, the villagers found that they had to leave Sanzhuyuan and hide in a nearby cave under the protection of local farmer Taifu Yojiro. However, this incident was known by a local landlord, who suggested that Daijiro, a teacher, hand over Ishida Mitsunari and extradite him to Nanaka Yoshimasa. Jiro Dafuyang was frightened and immediately told Ishida Mitsunari to escape early. But at this time, 30% had diarrhea and fell into the hole, and there was no food. He knew that his life should be cut off and urged Daifu to report to Nanaka Yoshimasa. As a result, 30% were arrested and extradited to Jizheng. It was September of February1year, the sixth day after the war of Guan Yuan.

Zheng Ji was very close to thirty percent at an early age, sympathized with thirty percent's experience, took good care of him, fed him and treated him. Later, 30% was sent to Konka's military camp in Otsu. Seeing him at the gate of the camp, Kuroda immediately dismounted to apologize to him, took off his clothes and put on dirty clothes. Konka received a generous gift from him and regarded him as a vassal of 194000 stone.

After thirty percent was arrested, Konishi Yukinaga and Ankokuji Ekei, who sent troops, were arrested together with thirty percent, and they were taken to Osaka together with thirty percent. Three people marched around Sakyamuni and Sakyamuni in chains, and then they were taken to Kyoto, where they were handed over to Oping Xinlu.

1 01October1day, 30%, Huiqiong and the president were each taken from the autumn residence in Xinchang to the execution ground in Liuhe. On the execution ground, people read Buddha for three people, but Ishida Mitsunari refused. His attitude was as calm and fearless as ever. After 30% was beheaded, his head was hung on three bridges with the suicide governor Hui Qiong and the head of Chang Shuzheng's family. 30% of the remains were collected by Yuan Jianfo of Dade Temple and buried in San Xuan Courtyard of Dade Temple.

Entrusted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ishida Mitsunari wholeheartedly assisted Xiulai, hated Tokugawa Ieyasu's rebellion, and finally fought Konka to the death regardless of the disparity in strength. After being arrested, 30% were taken to Otsu. When Fukushima masanari saw 30% people in front of the barracks, he immediately shouted, "You started a useless chaos. How dare you fall into such a situation today? " Thirty percent replied, "I'm sorry, because I'm unlucky and I can't take you alive."

When wandering the streets before the execution, 30% were thirsty and wanted tea. Tell the guards. It happened that there was no tea at this time, and the guard said that he had persimmons on hand, so he could eat them when he was thirsty. 30% people say persimmons produce phlegm, so they don't eat them. Hearing this, the guards laughed: "It's interesting that people who want to behead are still afraid of phlegm." So 30% people said, "Of course it's right for people like you, but a person who thinks about righteousness should take care of his life even at the moment of decapitation, because he will try his best to realize his old wish anyway."

Thirty percent didn't commit suicide after the defeat, and were finally captured alive. It is a misunderstanding that people say that he is afraid of death from this point. 30% people have always believed in defeating Tokugawa Ieyasu before beheading. He wants to seize every opportunity to realize his faith. He lives or dies for the Lord. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, 30% people were very arrogant to Konka, not to mention flattering. One day in a big suburban city, 30% people wrapped in headscarves to keep warm. Because Kang Jia was coming, Asano Nagaakira Zhenghong next to them suggested that 30% people take off their headscarves, but 30% people refused, so he took off his headscarves and threw them into the fire. Another day, Kang Jia was in the Buddhist temple with 30%, and 30% of his crutches accidentally fell to the ground. Konka immediately picked it up and gave it to 30%, and 30% didn't even say thank you.

30% people think that the responsibility to God is not only ideological, but also material. So he is very economical and does not waste. The living rooms in Zuohe Mountain City are all made of wood. On the other hand, he spared no expense to reuse talents, and recruited Pusheng Jiayuan and Shima Shengmeng (also known as Shima Qingyu) with a salary of 654.38+0.5 million stone. Later, he became the Third Cheng Zhongchen and died in the battle of Guanyuan.

Thirty percent love watching the rise and fall of Yuan Ping. When he fled to Ibuki Mountain after the defeat of Guanyuan War, he must have thought of Yuan Laichao hiding under a dead tree after the defeat of Shiqiaoshan War. 30% people think that winning or losing is a common occurrence in military strategists, and you should not lay down your life for failure. You must try your best to escape from the battlefield before you can achieve great things, which is in line with the art of war.

Ishida Mitsunari has always been an arrogant villain, which is the biggest reason why he lives in the hearts of Kang Shengli and others.

However, in recent years, the speeches of Ryotaro Shiba, Tetsuo Owada and Wu Jietianyi have changed his image in people's minds for many years.

It seems that only the winners and rulers at that time have the final say in history, which often misleads future generations. After the battle of Guanyuan, the Tokugawa shogunate was established, dedicated to rendering 30% into a villain with a mean heart, and blaming him for Morino's forced caesarean section, Toyotomi Hidetsugu's forced killing, and the weakness of Toyotomi's regime in the later period! ! It led people to mislead him.

First of all, Mori no Rikyū' s caesarean section and Toyotomi Hideyoshi's murder were both meant by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and the real murderer was Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 30% is only the executor. (It's a bit like when Cao Cao killed the queen and the world scolded Hua Yun)

The battle of Guanyuan began when the Tokugawa family attacked the merchants, and the East Army won a total victory in one day. At the beginning of the war, the troops in the east were afraid and cautious, which Konka described as a feeling of walking on thin ice. As a result, it is indeed the gear of history that goes against the wishes of most people, allowing the Eastern Army to win and the Western Army to lose.

There is a saying that Ishida Mitsunari prevented Shimadzu from attacking Dong Jun Camp at night and missed the chance to win, which led to the defeat of the Western Army. However, the fact is that the night attack strategy itself is very suspicious. Even if this is true, Ishida Mitsunari made a thorough analysis of the deployment of the eastern army at that time. Konka's failure is also the failure of the Eastern Front Army, and for the battle-hardened Konka, the success rate of night attack is minimal.

Looking at the overall situation, at that time, the total territory of Ishida Mitsunari was 194000 stone, plus the territory of Maori and Shimadzu, the total * * * was only two-tenths of that of Japan, and Konka accounted for five-tenths of that of Japan at that time. The disparity in contrast is so pitiful and weak that it is conceivable that the Xiliang Army was destroyed.

In the conversation between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Hideyoshi, there is a saying that "anyone who has made meritorious service in the army and is good at seeking a salary should not be restricted, and my salary can also be donated." Dialogue. 30% salary is very generous. In the later period of Hideyoshi's era, in order to repay Hideyoshi's kindness, he tried his best to fight for the Toyotomi family and devoted himself wholeheartedly to it. ...