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Budgerigar (scientific name: Melopsittacus undulatus) is a bird of Nautilidae, also known as Feng Jiao, a small bird climbing species, which is native to the inland areas of Australia. Wild budgerigars inhabit forest margins, grasslands and other places. Group activities. Feed on plant seeds and so on. The breeding period is 6-65438+ 10 month, nesting in tree holes, laying 4-8 eggs per nest, and the incubation period is 18 days. Budgerigar is lively and easy to domesticate, and it is one of the most common pet birds in China. Because budgerigar is an exotic species, it has no wild distribution in China and is not a national protected animal.

Chinese name: budgerigar

Latin scientific name: ripple parrot

Nicknames: Feng Jiao, Cai Feng, Ying Ge, Azu, Pippi.

Field: animal kingdom

Phylum: Chordata phylum

Subphylum: Vertebrate subphylum

Category: birds

Subclass: subclass of birds today

Objective: Parrots.

Family: Nautilidae

Yayako; Parrot subfamily

Family: New Zealand parrot family

Genus: budgerigar.

Species: budgerigar

Distribution: Originally from Oceania, it is now widely distributed in inland Australia.

Naming time: Shaw, 1805

English name: Budgerigar, budgerigar

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Appearance characteristics

Budgerigar originated in eastern Australia and has become a worldwide caged bird after artificial cultivation. Breeding was carried out all over the country, and it was introduced to China in the 19 years. Although its singing is not pleasant to the ear, its feathers are very gorgeous. The whole body feathers are composed of seven different colors, such as yellow, black, green, blue and cyan, giving people a fresh but not gorgeous, beautiful but not vulgar comfort.

Obedient budgerigar (female)

The head and back feathers of budgerigars are generally yellow with black stripes, and there are many patterns on their wings. Its coat color and stripes are like tigers, so it is called budgerigar. Budgerigar is a small species of Nautilus, with bright feathers, lively temperament, crisp calls, innocent and lovely, and easy to domesticate. It is one of the most popular birds in China. The head is round, the beak is hooked, and there is a wax film above the beak (the sex of most budgerigars can be distinguished by the color of the wax film). The budgerigar has short legs and four toes. The second toe is forward and the first toe is backward, which makes it easy to climb trees and objects.

The original bird is yellow-green; The feathers on the back of the head, neck, upper back and wings are light brown, and each feather is yellow and black; The throat and face are yellow; There are different degrees of blue-purple under the cheeks and three black spots in the throat; Chest feathers have narrow black edges. The main flight feathers are

Primitive green budgerigar (young bird)

Light blue; The flight feathers are grayish green with light stripes; It is gray with white stripes inside; The feather in the center above the tail is blue-green, the tip is black and the inside is black. The beak is olive yellow and the wax film is blue; The iris is white. The wax film of female birds is grayish brown or flesh-colored, with only a little light blue, which will turn dark brown during the breeding season. Young birds are dark, and the wax film of both male and female young birds is pink. It takes 3 to 4 months to grow into bird-like feather color.

The average life span of budgerigar is 7 years. It is16 ~18cm long and weighs 35g. Yellow forehead and face. There are purple-blue spots on the cheeks. The upper body is densely covered with yellow and black pinstripes. The waist and lower body are green. There are small black spots on the throat. The tail feathers are green and blue. The iris is white. The mouth is gray. The feet are gray and blue. The nasal membranes of underage males are pink (different according to different breeds), and females are white with a little blue (different according to different breeds).

Adult birds have a flat head and a strong beak. The base of the upper beak is covered with a wax film, and the upper beak is hooked. Feather colors are rich and changeable, and the common colors are yellow, green, blue, white, blue-green, light yellow and so on. Because the feathers on the head, neck and back are mostly black or dark brown stripes, it is named budgerigar. Toe to toe, second and third toes forward, first and fourth toes backward, suitable for climbing on branches. It is more suitable for taking things and feeding. The tail is sharp and long, and the central tail feather extends like an arrow The difference between male and female adults lies in the color of wax film. The male wax film is blue and the female wax film is brown. The wax film and the base of the mouth shell of adult birds are dull. Toes are light and fleshy.

Habitat habit

Widely distributed in the interior of Australia, but in the east, southwest, northern coastal areas, Cape York Peninsula and Tasmania.

Florida, with a small population, was introduced to many countries (including escaped caged birds), but most of them failed to survive and reproduce successfully, including Britain, Japan, the United States, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Switzerland, Colombia, society islands, New Zealand, Oman and other countries. The ethnic groups in Florida, USA, survived successfully after being introduced in 1950.

Like to gather in groups, they often form groups of 20 to hundreds to go out for food, and sometimes even gather 20 thousand or more in groups. Budgerigars can live in many ecological environments in their habitats, such as bushes, forests, grasslands, farmland and so on. Budgerigars have similar migration behaviors. In Australia, they occupy the north in winter (June-September) and gather in the south in summer (9-65438+1October). Wild budgerigars generally feed on seeds, berries, buds and leaves of various plants, and fly to the fields to peck at grains in autumn.

Budgerigars mainly inhabit open grassland, dry Mali vegetation, Muraga shrubs and open dense forests, plains full of eucalyptus and acacia plants and agricultural areas; Usually, most people don't leave the river bank or water source too far. They are social birds, usually gathering 20 or even hundreds, and there have been records of gathering 25,000 birds; If disturbed, the whole group will fly around in the air

Yellow blue opal

Often suddenly flying without direction, and then landing in a tree near a safe distance; They are quite gregarious birds. Usually, every bird has its own position in the group, and there is no class distinction. Occasionally there will be quarrels. At dawn, they will go to the water source to drink water first, and then go to feed. When the weather is hot at noon, they will rest in the dense shade. When the weather turns cold in the afternoon, they will continue to feed. At dusk, the whole group will start to return to their nests to rest for the night. I like foraging on the ground during the day, because the color of my feathers blends with the surrounding environment, so it is quite difficult to be detected; They are very friendly and not afraid of people, so they can observe at close range; Most of them are tanks, ponds, rivers and puddles on the ground where cattle and sheep drink water. Usually, the whole group will drink water together quickly to avoid being preyed by predators. They usually have no fixed feeding route, but search around in a nomadic way; In the cold season, I prefer to go to northern Australia and the region, and I will go to South Australia in the hot season.

Demographic situation

Budgerigar is the most common parrot in the world. They are naughty and lovely, and are widely loved by the public. The total number of budgerigars in the world exceeds 5 million. They are often the first parrots bought by many people who are just interested in parrots, and they are also the most common species in bird exhibitions. Since 1860,

Budgerigar nest box

After Australian biologist Jimmand made a great discovery and breakthrough in genetic engineering in 2006, various budgerigars entered an unprecedented diversity. There are thousands of kinds of budgerigars, and they are very easy to take care of and reproduce, so they are very common.

Tiger skin is a tropical bird, and its survival ability in the wild in China is very poor. Many can't survive. Especially in winter. Please don't let go!

type

Breeding instructions

Budgerigar is simple in artificial breeding, extensive in management, resistant to roughage, strong in constitution, not easy to get sick and easy to breed. Budgerigar has a hook on its upper mouth, is strong and likes to chew wood, so it can't be kept in bamboo cages, but only in iron cages. As a leisure ornamental bird, it can be kept in a small electroplated metal cage with perches and rings for parrots to play with.

budgerigar

As a breeder, a large square metal cage should be used. The size of the cage is 50 cm long, 35 cm wide and 35 cm high. The bottom of the cage has a drawer-type sand table (feces tray) to facilitate the cleaning of feces. The budgerigar's nest box is a horizontal nest (vertical nest is better, which can simulate the living environment in the wild). The size of the nest box is a small rectangular wooden box with a length of 25 cm, a width of 14 cm and a height of 14 cm. There is a partition in the middle, which is divided into an inner room and an outer room. The outer chamber has a round hole leading to the outside with a diameter of 6 cm. The outer chamber and the inner chamber have the same round hole on the partition. Clean drinking water should be changed every day, and feces should be cleaned every week 1 time. Be careful not to sunbathe parrots under strong light in summer.

Use galvanized cages as far as possible for breeding cages. Avoid painting and plastic spraying cages to reduce the harm of chemicals. There is a hanging door on the side. Close the door during the summer break.

temperature

Keep warm in winter, and the indoor temperature shall not be lower than 16℃. The temperature is high in summer, and ventilation should be strengthened above 30℃. Budgerigars like to eat feed with shells, and they should usually use barnyard grass; Xiaomi; Waxy millet is the main feed, and vegetables, oyster powder or bone powder are fed as regular feed every day (or a whole cuttlefish bone can be pecked in a cage).

Matters needing attention

At present, budgerigars raised and enjoyed in China are all caged birds raised artificially, and their constitutions are all the same.

Opal adult female in estrus

It's getting weaker. Therefore, breeders should choose long, plump and energetic individuals for breeding, which is conducive to the rejuvenation of the population in the future. Wild budgerigars live in groups, feed on plant seeds and fruits, nest in caves, breed 1-2 nests every year, and each nest lays 4-7 eggs. The egg is oval and the shell is pure white. The budgerigar raised artificially is very good at dismantling cages because of its hard mouth shell and flexible climbing with toes and sharp mouths. Therefore, it is advisable to build suitable cages and raise them with solid houses and metal nets. The room temperature should be kept at 5 ~ 10℃ in winter.

In the southern cities of China, the temperature is not lower than 0℃ in winter, and budgerigars can be bred in open cages. A small amount of breeding in the family, you can choose the right box cage, breeding and breeding effect is very good. Cages should have enough habitats for them to climb and live, and the ground or bottom of cages should be padded with fine sand for sand bathing and feeding. The feeding room needs good ventilation and sufficient light. A large number of budgerigars fed in groups drink a lot of water, so birds often excrete feces while drinking water, which often pollutes their drinking water. Therefore, it is best to use the automatic drinking machine used by poultry to supply water, so that you can not bathe in the water and keep the drinking water clean.

In the south, budgerigars can breed all year round, but if the temperature is too high in summer, so is it.

A budgerigar's nest box

It is recommended not to let the parent birds hold their nests. Wild parrots choose nests on dead trees, bite out a nest to breed offspring, and parrots use dark nests under artificial breeding conditions. Of course, the darker the nest, the better. Birds lay eggs in the darkest part of the nest. The darker the hatching color, the less likely it is to be frightened and the higher the success rate of reproduction. Birds will scatter when they are frightened. If the design of the bird's nest is not high enough, it will crush eggs or birds. If it is not wide enough, birds will bite the box, which is the nesting behavior.

Feed and age

The feed ratio is: 7 parts of millet or millet, 2 parts of barnyard grass, and 0/part of perilla seed/kloc. This mixed granular material is suitable for feeding all kinds of parrots, who like to eat cabbage and rape. In addition, they are also fed mineral feeds, such as squid bones and shells. Captive budgerigars lay eggs in dark light and hatch in nests. If the light in the nest is too strong, the hatching effect is not good. Usually, the artificial nest box consists of an inner nest chamber and an outer nest chamber, the outer nest chamber has a nest opening leading to the cage, and the partition plates between the inner nest chamber and the outer nest chamber are communicated with each other through holes. The inner nest room is covered with sawdust or fine sand, which is the place where females lay eggs and hatch. The reference dimensions of the nest box are: length 25CM, width 13CM and height13 cm; The diameter of the nest mouth is 5 ~ 6 cm, and the lower edge of the nest mouth is 6 ~ 7 cm away from the nest bottom.

The yellow face of budgerigar is original blue.

Beijing breeds budgerigars in autumn, winter and spring every year. In summer, due to the hot climate, continuous nesting and hatching not only affect the health of parents, but also significantly reduce the rate of hatching and brooding, so young birds are generally unhealthy, so they generally stop breeding in summer. The prevention and control method is to take out the nest box in the breeding cage from July to September every year, clean and disinfect it, and hang it again after 10 months. From June 65438 to June of the following year, budgerigar can lay eggs and hatch for 3-4 nests. Each nest lays 4-7 eggs, with a maximum of 10, pure white shell, egg weight of 2.5g, and incubation period of 18 days; birdling