The Historical Evolution of Quanzhou Port

Quanzhou Port has a history of 1300 years. It is the "world's largest port" that dominated the navigation history of the world 1000 for 400 years. It is as famous as Alexandria in Egypt. It is the only "starting point of the Maritime Silk Road" recognized by the United Nations, and it is famous all over the world. The Travels of Marco Polo thinks it can be as famous as Alexandria, or even more magnificent. It was this port that brought the prosperity of Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which made Quanzhou one of the largest cities in the world at that time, created this ancient city and promoted the multiculturalism of the whole city. As early as the Southern Dynasties in the 6th century A.D., Indian monks took Ronato to Quanzhou twice in the 2nd year of Yongding, Chen Wudi (558) and the 6th year of Tianjia, Chen Wendi (565), translated the Diamond Sutra in Jiuri Mountain, a western suburb of Quanzhou, and then took a boat from Quanzhou to Jia Lingxiu's country (now Malay Peninsula) and Youchan Guo Ni (now India). With the development of society, economy and culture in southern China, the external traffic of Quanzhou Port is increasingly prosperous. In the Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou, together with Guangzhou and Yangzhou, was known as a major foreign trade port of China.

The Tang Dynasty set up military service in Quanzhou to manage overseas traffic and trade. The foreign businessmen who came to Quanzhou for trade in the Tang Dynasty were mainly Arabs and Persians, as well as people from Southeast Asia, India, Egypt, Japan, North Korea and other countries and regions. At the beginning of the 7th century, Arabul officially sent envoys to China, and more and more people came later. By the time we arrived in Wuhou (684 ~ 704), Arabs had been doing business in tens of thousands of ports in Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Hangzhou. At that time, Quanzhou Port was also frequented by "ships from the South China Sea", but it was a grand occasion of "the island is mixed with good fish and dragons" and "the city of ten States". In order to show concern for foreign businessmen, in the eighth year of Daiwa, Tang Wenzong (834) specially ordered the protection of foreign businessmen in Guangdong and Fujian, stipulating that "except berthing and entry, they are allowed to pass through and trade on their own, and the rate tax shall not be increased".

During the Five Dynasties, Quanzhou was under the jurisdiction of Fujian, and the king of Fujian attached great importance to overseas trade, and Quanzhou's overseas traffic further developed. In the late Five Dynasties, Quanzhou expanded its city scope and built more roads and warehouses to meet the needs of overseas transportation and trade development. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the southeast of China was one of the most dynamic areas of Asian marine economy. With Quanzhou as the center, the maritime trade has realized the contact and interaction with the "Northern Ocean", "East Ocean" and "West Ocean" in Asian waters, and formed the marine economic circle of the eastern world.

In the Song Dynasty, there were more than 70 countries and regions in Quanzhou, with overseas traffic reaching east and west, Japan in the east and South China Sea countries in Nantong, Persia, Arabia and East Africa in the west. Imports are mainly spices and medicines, while exports are mainly silk and porcelain.

In the second year of the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1087), Quanzhou set up a city transportation company, and later set up a remote post to receive tribute envoys and foreign businessmen. In order to encourage overseas traffic and trade, shipping companies and local officials in Quanzhou in the Song Dynasty held a "wind prayer" or "sea worship" for Chinese and foreign businessmen every time their ships entered or set sail, in order to wish them a safe sailing with the wind.

In Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou Port was further developed, and the number of countries and regions that had trade relations with China increased to nearly 100. Its trade scope is still mainly through the west, and its relatively stable route is similar to that of the Song Dynasty. At that time, Quanzhou Port was an important international trade port and one of the main distribution centers of various commodities at home and abroad. There are 58 kinds of spices, 2 kinds of precious commodities 12, 27 kinds of industrial raw materials, 9 kinds of textiles 19, 9 kinds of metals, 6 kinds of utensils and 7 kinds of non-staple foods imported through Quanzhou port. 54 kinds of silk fabrics, 4/kloc-0 kinds of ceramics, 63 kinds of metals, groceries and medicines exported through Quanzhou are exported to 64 countries and regions.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there was a war between Pakistan and Putian in Quanzhou, and Quanzhou Port declined in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the end of Yuan Dynasty to the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng (1357) to the twenty-sixth year of Zheng Zheng (1366), there was a ten-year-long war in Quanzhou, which was called the Battle of Eight Scholars in history, or "thinking of the law and fighting for soldiers". The records in "Ba Min Notifies Zheng Jinji" and "Fujian Tongzhiyuan Waiji" are particularly detailed. This war not only hit the social economy of Quanzhou and Xinghua, but also led to a sharp drop in the overseas trade of Quanzhou, the world's largest port at that time, which had a more serious impact on Quanzhou's status as an overseas transportation center, and Quanzhou's overseas transportation declined from then on. In addition, the war also carried out ethnic vendetta, and Quanzhou Islam gradually declined.

In the Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou's social economy developed further. However, due to the strict "sea ban" imposed by the Ming government, Quanzhou Port was limited to Ryukyu, which greatly restricted its foreign trade. In the tenth year of Chenghua (1474), the city shipping company moved to Fuzhou, and Laiyuan Post in Quanzhou was abandoned together with the city shipping company, which marked the decline of the foreign trade status of Quanzhou Port. In the Qing Dynasty, under the influence of the war in the early Qing Dynasty, the maritime ban and the relocation of the border, Quanzhou's social economy was seriously damaged, and the prosperity of the port was gone forever. After 1949, Quanzhou Port was closed on 1957 because of the confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and the tense military situation. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Quanzhou rebuilt its port on the original basis. 1980, Quanzhou Port Authority was established; 1 983 65438+1October1day, Quanzhou Port officially resumed its opening to foreign ships and was approved by the State Council as one of the 24 ports open to the outside world. At present, 9 berths 1 over 10,000 tons have been built, with a new throughput of 2 million tons and 7 berths under construction, including 2 sets of 10,000-ton mooring buoys, 10,000-ton deep-water berths1berth, 2 berths of 5,000 tons and 2 berths of 3,000 tons, with an annual throughput of 3 million tons. In order to adapt to the oil transfer business, a 654.38+ 10,000-ton oil terminal is being built in Xiaocuo Port Area. Quanzhou Bay in the main urban area of Quanzhou Port is seriously polluted.

In order to improve the port capacity, Quanzhou Port opened some navigation channels, ending the history that China could not receive 10,000-ton seagoing vessels, and the port conditions were obviously improved. The necessary facilities in the port area have been matched, with 200,000 square meters of warehouse yard, coastal radio stations and wireless wired communication networks. Port ships and all kinds of hoisting machinery have been put into operation one after another. Establish and develop container transportation, and open container routes from Quanzhou to Hong Kong and Quanzhou to Japan, with a port throughput of1989+0120,000 tons.

At present, 77 berths have been built and put into operation, including 9 berths of over 10,000 tons 19, with an annual designed handling capacity of 87.8 million tons, including containers10.69 million TEUs. A port system with Quanzhou Bay as the center, large, medium and small terminals with complementary berths, complete facilities and complete functions has been initially formed. The existing warehouse in Quanzhou Port has a total capacity of 38,725 square meters; 25 oil depots with a total capacity of 8 1 1350 cubic meters; The yard is 338,000 square meters. Quanzhou Port faces Taiwan Province Province across the sea, which is only 90 nautical miles from Kaohsiung Port 165, Keelung Port 152, Taichung Port 105 and Penghu Magong Port.

20 12 Quanzhou port has entered a 100-million-ton port and is open to navigation with more than 60 countries and regions in the world. While Quanzhou Port has stepped into the ranks of 100 million tons of ports, the "mini three links" have also made great progress, with a freight volume of 949,900 tons, ranking first in Fujian Province.

20 12 On September 25th, at the "China Quality Development Forum" held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, the AQSIQ awarded Quanzhou Port as one of the first 54 WHO ports in China.

In 20 15 years, the cargo throughput of Quanzhou Port reached 1.224 1.265438+ 100 million tons, an increase of 9.3%. Among them, the container throughput reached 20 1.5 1 10,000 TEUs, an increase of 6.9%.