How to plant millet seeds?

Millet is one of the traditional cash crops in China, which is mainly planted in northern China. Millet is rich in nutritional value, especially the content of carotene and vitamins, which can't be replaced by other miscellaneous grains, so millet has high planting value. In the process of millet planting, sowing and breeding is the most common breeding method, which directly affects the yield and quality of millet planting. So, how to plant millet seeds?

First, seed treatment

Seed treatment is an effective measure to ensure neat, complete and Miao Zhuang seedlings. The specific treatment method is as follows:

1. sun drying: one week before sowing, spread the seeds on the table in sunny days, with a thickness of about 2-3 cm, and turn them over for 2-3 days. After drying in the sun, the germination rate and germination potential of seeds can be significantly improved.

2. Seed selection: select seeds with salt water after screening: the proportion of salt water selection is 1.06, generally 10 kg water and 1 kg salt. The germination rate of seeds selected with salt water can be increased by more than 10%. The specific method is to pour the seeds into a bucket or basin filled with salt, stir them, and fish out the small and light seeds with a hedge. The seeds that sink to the bottom of the water are big and full, and they can be used when they are dried.

3. Chemical seed dressing and seed drilling: In order to control the harm of underground pests, smut and white leaf disease, chemical seed dressing is often carried out before sowing. The common practice is to air dry the seeds selected from salt water to 70% to 80%, then spray 2 phoxim and 5-8 kg of water with a sprayer every 100 kg, stir while spraying, then pile them up and cover them with sacks for 6- 12 hours to prevent and control underground pests. In order to prevent smut and white disease, after the seeds are closed and dried in the shade, the seeds are dressed with carbofuran, carbendazim, thiram, etc. which account for 0.2-0.3% of the seed weight; 250g of 40% pentachloronitrobenzene can also be mixed with 20kg of seeds.

Second, the sowing amount of millet.

Millet usually needs thinning after emergence, so the sowing amount does not determine the planting density. However, the sowing amount has a great influence on the strength of seedlings. Millet particles are small. If the weight of 1000 seeds is 2.5g, there are 200,000 seeds per catty. If the number of seedlings per mu is 30,000-60,000, plus the field loss rate, the sowing amount per mu is 0.2-0.3 kg ... In fact, the idea of "having money to buy seeds but no money to buy seedlings" is widespread in millet producing areas. Because of the fear of drought and failure to protect seedlings, the sowing amount is generally too much, often exceeding five or six times the number of seedlings left, which makes millet dense after emergence, and a slight delay in emergence will affect the growth of seedlings and easily lead to lack of seedlings and reduction of production. Therefore, under the premise of soil preparation and soil moisture conservation and ensuring sowing quality, the sowing amount should be properly controlled.

The sowing amount should be mainly determined according to the seed germination rate, the quality of soil preparation before sowing and the harm of underground pests. For example, the seed germination rate is high, the seed quality is good, the soil moisture is good, there are few underground pests, the soil preparation quality is high, the sowing amount can be reduced, and the sowing amount per mu can be controlled within 1 kg; If the soil is sticky, the quality of soil preparation is poor, and the spring drought is serious, the sowing amount per mu should be appropriately increased. Using mechanical sowing, in order to control the sowing amount, make the seeds evenly sown and prevent underground pests, the seeds can be mixed and fried, and the effect is good.

Third, the sowing depth of millet.

Sowing depth has great influence on seedling growth. Because there are few nutrients stored in the endosperm of millet, such as too deep sowing and late emergence, a lot of nutrients are consumed in the process of emergence, and the growth of millet seedlings is weak, and even the soil cannot grow, which reduces the emergence rate. Even after emergence, the root system will stretch for a long time, prolonging the emergence time and increasing the chance of bacterial infection. When the thickness of covering soil is 10 cm, the emergence rate is 27.4% lower than that of 3 cm, and the emergence is 2-3 days later. Proper sowing depth can make seedlings emerge early and consume less nutrients, which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. Millet is small, in principle, shallow sowing is better, and the depth is generally 3-5 cm. In plots with much soil moisture, it can be shallower. However, in places with strong spring breeze and severe drought, if the seeds are sown too shallow, the seeds will be easily blown away by the wind, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges, and even the danger of destroying the land again.

If the weather is dry, the dry soil layer is too thick, and the covering soil should not be too deep, the drought-resistant sowing method should be adopted. Millet seeds are small, and the sowing is shallow, but the millet producing area is dry and windy in spring, and the evaporation is large, so the sowing layer often feels insufficient water. If the quality of soil preparation is not good, there are gaps in the soil, and the grains can not be in close contact with the soil, it is difficult for seeds to absorb water and germinate. In order to promote the rapid water absorption of seeds, early germination, deep rooting, orderly emergence and after sowing are important measures to protect seedlings. In addition to the high soil moisture, what is temporarily unnecessary after sowing should generally be planted with the seeds. Areas where polonium is used for sowing are usually under polonium pressure. From sowing to emergence, it should be divided into 2-3 times according to soil moisture, which has the function of preserving and improving soil moisture. The common method is to step on the grid.

Fourth, the sowing method of millet

The main method is ridge planting and sowing. In the past, furrows were first dug on the ridges of fields and gourd seeds were planted. The sowing width is narrow, and the depth after sowing is inconsistent. The number of rice seedlings growing into a row is small and the yield is low. At present, most of the improved machines and tools are used to sow in three rows or two rows on the ridge, which is wider and denser than in the past and the yield is significantly improved. The rice seedlings planted in double rows are all sideways, the population layout is reasonable, and the individual growth and development are good.

Conclusion Doing well the sowing and propaganda work of millet is the basis of successfully planting millet and the key to realize high quality and high yield of millet.