Why did Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty have to be strict with the princess?

Li Chen (8 10-859) was the 18th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding the Wu Zhou regime). After his death, he was made an uncle by eunuch Ma Li. Xuanzong was the only person worth mentioning in the late Tang Dynasty. He made unremitting efforts for the inheritance of his ancestors and made great achievements. As soon as Xuanzong ascended the throne, he tore off the mask of playing dumb, and with the power of thunder, he quickly adjusted personnel, ending the chaotic pattern of decades of struggle between the party and the Li party, which made ministers and eunuchs dumbfounded. Historically, he burned three fires, one to make Quan Hao disappear, one to make treacherous court officials fear the law, and three to make the palace master angry. In terms of foreign relations, he took advantage of the decline of Tubo and Uighur to send troops to recover the land of the Yellow River, pacify Tubo, "seal three states and seven passes, and south of Pingjiangling", which nominally opened up the Silk Road. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty 13 years, historical records commented that he was observant, selfless in usage, heeding good advice, cherishing official rewards, advocating frugality, and caring for people and things, which led to a scene of stability and prosperity in the world, that is, "the rule of the great and the middle" and "when the Tang Dynasty died, people thought about it, it was called Little Taizong." Since there is the title of "Little Taizong", Xuanzong should be regarded as a wise monarch and an English Sect. It is worth mentioning that Xuanzong's strict discipline of the princess is outstanding in history. Xuanzong had eleven daughters, five of whom were married. The rest of the princesses are not recorded in the history books. His eldest daughter, Princess Wanshou, was born to Queen Chao. "The Story of the East View" said: "The daughter of Xuanzong, Princess Wanshou, loves the only one." Teachers were specially invited to teach etiquette and morality. Princess Wanshou reached marriageable age, and Xuanzong chose a good husband. His idea is that Ma Xu had better be born in a scholar-bureaucrat family and pass the Jinshi exam. So, he took a fancy to the living Hao around him. Zheng Hao is a top scholar in Tang Wuzong and the grandson of You Zheng, Prime Minister of Tang Xianzong. When the princess got married, she used to decorate her car with silver foil. Starting from Xuanzong, according to the specifications of ministers marrying women, it was changed to white copper. Princess Wanshou was very unhappy at that time. Xuanzong personally warned her not to forget the identity of the emperor's daughter and princess, to strictly observe female etiquette when going to her husband's house, and not to despise her husband's house with the royal family. Zheng Hao also became the only champion in history. After the princess got married, Xuanzong was always worried that the princess would not be educated enough in the palace and would violate women's morality when she came to her husband's house. So every time the princess comes back to see her, she will tell her that "there is no in-laws and no current affairs." That is to say, we should not despise our husband's family as royalty, nor should we interfere in state affairs. He also said: "The disasters of Princess Taiping and Princess Anle must be stopped!" That's not enough. Xuanzong specially wrote an imperial edict to Princess Wanshou: "If you violate my precepts, there will be a disaster of peace and happiness. You encourage it! " Once, I heard that Xu's younger brother was seriously ill, and Xuanzong immediately sent a special envoy from China to visit him. When the envoy came back, Xuanzong specifically asked where the princess was, and the envoy replied that the princess was watching a play at Jean Temple. Xuanzong was furious and sighed deeply: "I sometimes blame the literati for not wanting to marry the princess, but now I know why." So I immediately ordered someone to call the princess. First, I let the princess get off at the foot of the steps and stayed in the cold for a long time. Then I reprimanded her face to face: "Where is the truth that my brother-in-law is sick and is a sister-in-law?" The princess burst into tears when she saw that Xuanzong was angry. She quickly confessed her sins and said that she would turn over a new leaf and never dare to commit crimes again. Xuanzong said to the princess earnestly, "There are national laws and family rules. In the imperial court, you are a princess chitose, and in Zheng Jia you are a daughter-in-law. You should be a woman. " After being disciplined, Princess Wanshou deeply blamed herself. She quickly brought many gifts and returned to Fuzheng to visit her brother-in-law. Princess Yongfu, the second daughter of Xuanzong, should get married, and her husband is hard to find, so Xuanzong had to propose publicly. Hao found a friend, both of whom are Jinshi. Yu Cong's father was born in the Imperial Examination. Because of his temperament, faithfulness and honesty, he didn't climb to the top of power, but only became a small official with no power or influence. Yu Cong, the four brothers, was admitted to Jinshi. But if you win the Jinshi, you will only be qualified as an official. If you want to be an official, you have to wait for a vacancy Zheng Hao worried about him and said, "Although you are very talented, you are bold and unconstrained. I'm not good at speaking on the spot, and I won't abuse power for personal gain. Like you, I'm afraid I can't wait for an official and promotion all my life. Now is the opportunity to openly recruit. " Yu Cong thought it was reasonable and applied it. Xuanzong regarded it as a treasure and asked Princess Yongfu to get engaged to him. One day, Xuanzong and Princess Yongfu had dinner together. For a trifle, Princess Yongfu lost her temper and immediately broke her chopsticks. Xuanzong was taken aback and flew into a rage. He said, "Don't you dare lose your temper in front of me. How can you marry a scholar-bureaucrat? " Then a decree was issued, ordering the fourth daughter, Princess Guangde, to marry Yu Cong. The history books don't record whether poor Princess Yongfu finally got married. Princess Guangde's virtue is unparalleled among princesses of past dynasties. She has great respect for her husband Yu Cong's family, which has a crown, weddings and funerals. Like other daughters-in-law, she stood in line according to the order of generations and never showed her special status. She was praised by people and satisfied with Xuanzong. However, their ending was unfortunate. According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, when Huang Chao attacked Chang 'an, Tang Xizong escaped, while Yu Cong was a left servant and could not follow him because of illness. After Huang Chao entered the city, he claimed to be Emperor Daqi and forced Yu Cong to be the prime minister. Yu Cong took illness as his resignation and said, "I'm dying of illness. If you marry the Tang family, you will die without orders. " When he refused, he killed Cong. When Princess Guangde saw Cong was killed, she cried and said, "My concubine, Li's daughter, is not alone. She wants to die with her." If Huang Zhen dies, the princess will go home and hang herself. The first reason is that the gentry in the Tang Dynasty were generally unwilling to marry the princess. The royal family has always hoped to marry a noble family with good cultural traditions, which will not only enhance the prestige of the royal family, but also use their strength to further consolidate the Tang court. However, aristocratic families are often reluctant to be sons-in-law. At that time, there was a saying that "if you marry a woman, you will get a princess, which has nothing to do with the government" to express your lofty. Therefore, before Tang Xianzong, no children of a noble family got married. Tang Taizong was puzzled and said, "I am the son of heaven, but most scholars would rather marry a noble than my royal family." I don't know why. It was not until one hundred years later in Tang Xianzong that a few aristocratic families were willing to marry the royal family. Just as Xian Zong chose Xu for his eldest daughter, Princess Qiyang, Old Tang Book also said: "Let the ministers choose those elegant people to live in the Qing Dynasty. If you choose literature from the beginning, you should not resign. " Hao of Xuanzong was also forced to do so. Zheng Hao has always secretly hated the matchmaker appointed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who carried me Bai Minzhong. The second reason is that many princesses in the Tang Dynasty did not cultivate female morality, which had a bad influence on society. Among the many princesses in the Tang Dynasty, many of them showed misbehavior, arrogance, indecency, toughness, fierceness and cruelty, so that princesses were notorious and hated by people, which was rare in all previous dynasties. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty records that Princess Changguang was arrogant and extravagant, Princess Hepu was arrogant because of love, Princess Xiangyang was indulgent, Princess Xianmu was wanton and lawless, and Princess Yicheng even stabbed her husband's concubine and forced her to commit suicide. Among these princesses, Princess Taiping and Princess Anle are the most prominent. They are extravagant and corrupt, greedy and indulgent, overbearing, selling officials and titles, interfering in state affairs, and even plotting to learn from Wu Zetian's coup. As a result, they were discredited and notorious. In view of this, Xuanzong used it as a negative teaching material to discipline his daughter. The third reason is that the princess remarried casually. The royal family in the Tang Dynasty had the style of Okoyi, which was inconsistent with the tradition of Han nationality. The royal family in the Tang Dynasty originated from the Turks, and there were great deficiencies in family cultural traditions, family customs and habits. In particular, the royal family in the Tang Dynasty was relatively free and even indulgent in marriage affairs from the beginning. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu said in Yu Saito Zi Wen Lei: "The Tang Dynasty was born in Yidi, so it is disrespectful in the boudoir, which is not different." For example, Emperor Taizong strongly married his sister-in-law Yang; Emperor Taizong took Wu Meiniang, a gifted scholar with both parents, as his queen; Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty forcibly regarded his daughter-in-law as Yang Guifei; Wu Zetian was openly recruited. The emperor is like this, and the princess remarries at will. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, the total number of princesses was 198. Excluding 34 people who died young or became Taoist priests, no more than 164 people were married, and at least 28 of them remarried, which is very high in history. It can be seen that it is common for princesses to remarry in Tang Dynasty, among which Princess Ding 'an and Princess Qi remarried three times. From a modern perspective, this is not a scandal, but it was unacceptable to aristocratic families at that time. Seeing this problem, Xuanzong made a special edict on the remarriage of the princess, saying: "The original couple, who have children with the princess and the princess, are not allowed to remarry" (the princess refers to the daughter of the royal king). This imperial edict corrected the family style of the royal family in Li Tang to the point. In ancient times, the princess's marriage was often used as a political tool. For example, the princess marries a foreigner in order to make peace with the foreigner, keep the border peaceful and avoid war. Internally, the princess's marriage was also used to marry important officials or aristocratic families to consolidate the rule of the court. Xuanzong, who devoted himself to the revival of the Tang Dynasty, knew the importance of this, as well as the weakness of the royal cultural tradition and the infamous image of many princesses. In order to make the gentry willing to marry the royal family, he had to take strict discipline on the princess, and when he got married, he had to be as strict as ordinary women and could not be specialized. When Princess Yongfu's arrogant temper was discovered, he immediately thought sensitively that, in addition to being a bitch and an evil woman among the cremation in nine cases out of ten, it might once again have a bad influence on society and tarnish the image of the royal family in Li Tang, which he could not tolerate. So, he decided to change people now. In a word, Xuanzong took great pains to change the bad views of the gentry on the princess, so as to expand the influence of the royal family by marrying important officials and aristocratic families. Objectively speaking, it is wise to preach, teach and solve doubts and be strict with yourself. After all, he was an enlightened emperor, who set an example for the ministers and ordinary people of the dynasty, greatly improved the social atmosphere at that time in the Tang Dynasty, and had a great response in the later emperors.