1860, foreign powers forced China to open its trading ports through the Beijing Treaty, including Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing and Tianjin.

Tianjin is a trading port that China was forced to open by the Beijing Treaty.

The Qing government signed a treaty with Britain on 1860 10124 October, and the British representative was Earl Erkin. The English page of the contract is *** 10, and the main contents of the terms are as follows:

1, the Qing Dynasty confirmed the validity of the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty;

2. The Qing Dynasty ceded the Kowloon Peninsula in Xin 'an County, Guangdong Province (now south of Hong Kong Boundary Street) to Britain;

3. Tianjin was opened for trade in Qing Dynasty;

4. Raise the compensation of Sino-British Tianjin Treaty to 8 million taels;

5. Allow Western missionaries to rent and buy land and build churches in China;

6. Allow foreign businessmen to recruit Han Chinese to work as cheap labor (coolies) abroad;

According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration 1985, the British government returned Hong Kong (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories) to the people of China and the government of China on July 0, 1997, and the China government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on the same day.

Extended data:

The main influence of Beijing Treaty: Beijing Treaty is an extension of Tianjin Treaty, which not only recognizes the effectiveness of Tianjin Treaty, but also allows western capitalist countries headed by Britain and France to seize more aggressive rights and interests.

1, after the opening of Tianjin, the western capitalist aggression forces have an aggression stronghold;

2. The occupation of a large area of territory east of Kowloon Peninsula and Wusuli River has further damaged China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity;

3. Allow foreign businessmen to recruit Han Chinese to work as cheap labor abroad, and let countries such as Britain and France openly plunder and sell China people to go abroad as slaves;

4. Allow Western missionaries to rent and buy land and build churches in China, deepening and increasingly rampant foreign church aggression;

5. Open ports extend from coastal areas to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;

6. The semi-colonial and semi-feudal status of China has been further deepened. The disaster of China people is getting deeper and deeper. It also violated the justice of China, and the sovereignty of inland navigation was seriously violated.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Treaty