Who can explain the regime of Sichuan warlords during the Republic of China?

Modern History of Sichuan _ _ A Brief History of the Republic of China

19110 In June, Wuchang declared its first meaning, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, and all parts of the country declared their independence.

19 1 1 year1/month, the Shu military government was established in Chongqing, with Zhang Peijue as the viceroy and deputy viceroy. Dahan Sichuan Military Government was established in Chengdu, with Pu Dianjun as the viceroy and Zhu Qinglan as the deputy viceroy.

19 12 1, the Republic of China was founded.

1965438+In February 2002, Sichuan established the "DuDu Military Government" in Chengdu. Ren Yin is the viceroy and vice-viceroy.

1965438+In March, 2002, Fengjie continued to set up the chief inspector, and Xu Kan succeeded Lu Zuofu as the chief inspector.

1965438+In April 2002, Zhen Fu House was established in Chongqing, and Xia Zhishi was appointed as the chief of Zhen Fu House. ?

1965438+in July 2002, the military and civilians split. Hu Jingyi was appointed as the chief of nursing in Sichuan, and Zhang Peijue, the deputy chief of nursing, was renamed as the chief of civil affairs. ?

19 12 In August, Chongqing Zhen Fu House was abolished.

1913 65438+10. In October, Chongqing Customs was newly established in Ba County, and Mao Yulin was appointed as the supervisor of Chongqing Customs.

19 13 In February, Zhao Yide was appointed as an observer of Chuandong Road in Ba County, Chen Tingjie as an observer of Chuanxi Road in Chengdu, Chuannan Road in Ya 'an City, Ren Liang, Chuannan Road in Yibin City and Yang Xiang as an observer of Chuanbei Road in Langzhong City. (In the third year of the Republic of China, Biandong and Bian Xi Road were laid off, and the land entered the Chuanbian Special Zone)

1965438+In April 2003, Yan Xiqing took over as the Commissioner of Chongqing Customs.

1965438+In September 2003, Chen Tingjie was appointed as the director of the Civil Affairs Department of Sichuan Province. The newly established Chongqing garrison ambassador is headed by Zhou Jun.

19 13 and 10 years, Liu Cunhou was appointed as the guard of Chongqing, and Zhu Mihuang was appointed as the chief officer of Fengjie.

In June19131kloc-0/,Ni Huankui took over as an observer of Sichuan Road in Chengdu.

19 14, Sichuan "viceroy" was renamed "general" and "civil administrator" was renamed "governor's envoy". Sichuan East Road in Ba County was changed to Sichuan East Road in Ba County, Sichuan West Road in Chengdu was changed to Duxichuan Road, Sichuan South Road in Ya 'an was changed to Jianchang Road in Ya 'an, Sichuan South Road in Yibin was changed to Yongning Road in Lu Xian, and Sichuan North Road in Langzhong was changed to Jialing Road in Langzhong. Every "observer" was renamed "Daoyin". Lu Xian added Sichuan Salt Inspection Sub-bureau.

At this point, the Sichuan military government initially completed the military, political and economic organizational system of the whole province:

[militarily]: Chengdu has a general (later renamed the overseer) and Chongqing has a viceroy.

[Administratively]: There is a governor's envoy in Chengdu (later renamed the governor), which consists of Chengdu Xichuan Daoyin, Baxian Dongchuan Daoyin, Ya 'an Jianchang Daoyin, Lu Xian Yongning Daoyin and Langzhong Jialing Daoyin. (Note: During the Republic of China, Sichuan warlord reserve was divided, and "Tao" existed in name only, which was equivalent to abolition. )

[Economically]: Fengjie set up a chief official supervisor, Baxian set up a Chongqing Customs supervisor, and Lu Xian set up a Sichuan Salt Inspection Branch (later moved to Ziliujing).

19 15, Cai E, a warlord from Yunnan, occupied Chengdu, Sichuan, adding "Chengdu Pass, Ya 'an Pass and Ningyuan Pass" to rob Sichuan of financial resources.

1965438+In June, 2006, Cai E became the general and governor of Sichuan, monopolizing the military and political power in Sichuan.

1965438+in July, 2006, the general was renamed the overseer, and the governor ambassador was renamed the governor. Cai E, a warlord in Yunnan, became the first governor in Sichuan history. ?

1965438+In August, 2006, Xiong Kewu took over as the ambassador of Chongqing Garrison and began to step onto the historical stage of Sichuan.

191611,Cai E died in Japan.

19 17, local warlords in Sichuan launched a war to expel the Dian army. In the name of protecting the law, Yunnan warlord Tang formed a "Yunnan-Guizhou" Coalition and invaded Sichuan again. Sichuan Army, Dan and Shi Qingyang defected and joined the Yunnan-Guizhou Coalition.

19 18, Yunnan-Guizhou warlords occupied Sichuan. Xiong Kewu was appointed Governor of Sichuan, Wang Wenhua was appointed Ambassador of Chongqing to Baxian, Ye Quan was appointed Ambassador of Kuiwan to Fengjie and Gu Pinzhen was appointed Ambassador of LULU to Yibin. Keep "Fengjie Kuiguan, Chengdu Pass and Chongqing Pass" and abolish "Ya 'an Pass and Ningyuan Pass".

Xiong Kewu ordered the host and guest troops to implement the "zoning system", and allocated funds on the spot to pay their salaries according to the garrison area. At this point, garrisons all over the country began to control the financial power of counties under their respective "defense zones" and appointed officials, large and small, to direct administration, justice, civil affairs and education. In the "defense zone", becoming a vassal of the separatist faction marked the final formation of the modern "Sichuan warlord"!

1920, the "Battle of Jingchuan" broke out in Sichuan, and the warlords of Yunnan and Guizhou withdrew from Sichuan, and Liu Cunhou became the overseer of Chengdu. In the same year, in 65438+February, the Beijing government of the Republic of China appointed Xiong Kewu as the governor of Sichuan, Liu Xiang as the ambassador to Chongqing (one province has a governor and a post as an ambassador), and nine other ambassadors in Sichuan:

Yang, the guard? Trees are everywhere

Deng Xihou, commander of Nanchong Shunsui.

Chen Hongfan, the guardian of Leshan JOE?

Liu Chengxun, garrison commander of Yaan Jianchang?

Fengjie Kuikai Garrison Chen Nengfang

Chen, Hechuan guards Hechuan?

But what about Xin, the commander of the county?

Qiu Huayu, loyal minister of Zhongxian County.

Youyou of Youyang is guarded by?

Various warlords divided Sichuan by "departmental system". At this point, several major warlords in Sichuan in modern history began to enter the historical stage in the late Republic of China.

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189 1 year, Chongqing was forced to open its ports for trade by British colonists. Deng Chenming, a famous industrialist in modern China (also known as Deng Huiji, a native of fengjie county, Sichuan, and the great-grandfather of Wu Jinglian, an economist in the late Qing Dynasty), "in order to save China's profits", moved the Japanese match factory back to China and founded the first modern factory "SenChangtai Match Factory" in Daxigou, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, with more than 10000 people in its heyday! Being the pioneer of Sichuan national capital enterprises is the first pioneer of Chongqing's modern industrial civilization. Deng also became the first national capitalist and the richest man in the history of industrial civilization in Sichuan! Known as "the father of modern Sichuan national industry".

After the opening of the port, the economy of Chongqing and beyond the Great Wall developed rapidly, replacing the traditional position of Fengjie Kuifu in Sichuan. By the Republic of China 19 17, Sichuan warlords were fighting and the defense zones were divided. It took Chongqing more than 20 years to compete with Chengdu economically and politically.

Sichuan Official Gazette 19 16 According to the statistics of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of China, there are only 38 Sichuan banks (banks) officially approved by the state. Among them, Chengdu has 16 and Baxian has 15! Others, Huayang, Fengjie, Ya 'an, Yibin, Lu Xian, Ziliujing and Dajian Furnace each have 1.

As a result, the era of "Chengdu-Chongqing" began to appear in Sichuan, which has continued to this day.