What are the elements of a university?

A world-class university must have three elements: architecture, master and university spirit.

Reform and development direction of vocational education

(1) Challenges Faced by Vocational Education China's vocational education has developed rapidly after the reform and opening up. The number of students in ordinary higher vocational schools accounts for 42% of the students in ordinary higher education, which has become a new growth point of higher education. But at the same time, it also faces unprecedented challenges. Mainly in the following aspects:

First of all, the development of vocational education lags behind. In recent years, higher vocational education has developed rapidly, secondary vocational education has shown a good momentum of gradual recovery, and the awareness of vocational education to actively serve the economy and society has been significantly enhanced. But on the whole, vocational education is still the weak link in China's education. Comrade Hao Keming, chairman of China Education Development Strategy Research Association, pointed out that China's education development, especially the education structure, education content, education mode, personnel training mode and education quality, still does not meet the requirements of China's economic and social development, and the relationship between school education and social development is not close enough or even out of touch. What types and levels of talents do schools need for enterprises and society? What basic qualities do these different types and levels of talents need in knowledge and ability? How have the graduates from vocational schools and institutions of higher learning performed in enterprises and social employment departments over the years? What are the requirements of enterprises and social departments for school teaching reform, etc. And the lack of regular understanding and investigation will inevitably lead to a certain degree of disconnection between training and use, resulting in a situation in which the talent training structure does not meet the requirements of economic development. We can see that, on the one hand, some graduates from vocational schools and institutions of higher learning can't find jobs and learn; On the other hand, enterprises often can't find the talents they need. In addition to the problems reflected in the talent structure, there are also many problems in the quality of talent training. In addition, Comrade Su Zhigang, secretary of the Party Committee of ningbo polytechnic, believes that the low evaluation of vocational education by enterprises is mainly due to the following reasons: the educational environment is divorced from the reality of enterprises; Teachers and students know little about enterprises; The teaching content is outdated and lacks pertinence; Lack of modern training equipment and actual combat training; Students' professional consciousness and accomplishment are not high. Therefore, enterprises are reluctant to recruit fresh graduates.

Secondly, the reasons why the development of vocational education is facing difficulties. The development of vocational and technical schools has encountered great difficulties, but there are many reasons for the difficult situation. Comrade Li Wenliang, president of Shanghai Donghui Vocational and Technical College, believes that the main reasons for the current difficult situation in vocational schools are as follows: First, the leaders of education administrative departments at the district and county levels are mostly from basic education, and from the experience and experience, they will inevitably pay more attention to general education than vocational education. Second, the teachers in vocational middle schools have an obvious tendency of discipline. Thirdly, the society and enterprises pursue highly educated employees in the development process, resulting in the waste of human resources. Finally, parents are eager for their children to become talents and do not want their children to go to vocational colleges. As a result, the number and quality of students in vocational middle schools have dropped sharply. Comrade Wang Wenjian, chairman of Yu Shun Group, also pointed out that the development of vocational education is bound by traditional concepts, and people despise vocational education as the concepts of "inferior education" and "last-rate education"; Secondly, blind pursuit of higher education, ignoring academic ability and ability. Comrade Tan Songhua, executive vice president of China Education Society, believes that the key issues affecting school education are "three standards": First, the orientation of academic qualifications affects the ability of educational development. China's education is mainly academic education, and the whole system is academic-oriented, which has become a simple pursuit of academic qualifications and ignores the improvement of ability; Secondly, the knowledge-based teaching model reduces the ability structure of education; Third, the school-based education system hinders the joint capacity building between schools and enterprises.

In addition, the development conditions of vocational colleges are subject to many restrictions. Comrade Su Zhigang, secretary of the Party Committee of ningbo polytechnic, believes that vocational colleges have considerable difficulties in running funds, running venues and training equipment. There is a serious shortage of high-level double-qualified teachers; Insufficient off-campus training bases.

In short, although China's vocational education has made great achievements after the reform and opening up, it still needs to overcome great difficulties and shortcomings in the development process. We need to constantly update the concept of vocational education, reform the teaching system and cultivate high-quality and high-quality applied talents.

(B) the development direction of vocational education

How and in what direction vocational education should develop, national policy plays an important guiding role in the middle, and at the same time, national policy is also the policy guarantee of vocational education reform and occupies an important position in the reform and development of vocational education. In this regard, Comrade Wang Wenjian, Chairman of Yu Shun Group, believes that the government should start with supporting policies, strengthen macro-control and give full play to the policy-oriented role. In addition, Comrade Wu Aihua, deputy director of the Higher Vocational Education Department of the Ministry of Education, introduced a series of policies issued by relevant state departments to ensure the development and reform of vocational education. For example, in 2002, the State Council promulgated the Decision of the State Council on Vigorously Promoting the Reform and Development of Vocational Education. From June 5, 2002 to 10, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Personnel jointly formulated the Opinions on Further Promoting the Implementation of Vocational Qualification Certificate System in Vocational Schools, which is of great significance for improving the quality of workers, promoting the implementation of employment access system, promoting the reform and development of vocational education, and enhancing the practical innovation ability and employment and entrepreneurship ability of vocational school graduates. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance jointly formulated "Several Opinions on Promoting Vocational Education" (Jiaocai [2004] No.9). In April this year, the Ministry of Education promulgated "Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Higher Vocational Education Guided by Employment". In addition, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Health jointly launched the "Training Project for Skilled Talents in Vocational Colleges" and issued a series of policies to accelerate the training of skilled talents in manufacturing and modern service industries. Recently, the "Vocational Education, Training and Innovation Project" was specifically included in the new round of education revitalization action plan approved and implemented by the State Council. In September this year, seven ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Education, issued Opinions on Further Strengthening Vocational Education. The document points out that from now until 2007, it is necessary to consolidate and strengthen the existing vocational education resources, promote vocational colleges to run their own characteristics and improve their quality; Secondary vocational schools are no longer upgraded to higher vocational colleges or merged into institutions of higher learning; Vocational colleges at the junior college level are no longer upgraded to undergraduate colleges. This shows that the development trend of higher vocational education in the future will gradually shift from the rapid growth of the scale of colleges and universities to a new period characterized by structural adjustment, quality improvement and school-running efficiency. During this period, we should seize the opportunity, give full play to the enthusiasm of all sectors of society and promote the sustained and healthy development of higher vocational education.

In view of the provisions of the national policy on vocational education reform, schools should constantly adjust the teaching system and educational strategies to meet the needs of social development. Comrade Su Zhigang, secretary of the Party Committee of ningbo polytechnic, believes that schools should add three major service functions, namely, training students who can meet the market demand and are welcomed by employers; Maximize the quality and ability of students, meet the employment needs of students, and adapt to the post as soon as possible; We should serve to promote the sustainable development and progress of the whole society. Comrade Wang Wenjian, Chairman of Yu Shun Group Company, pointed out that the strategic orientation of secondary vocational schools must be established in order to build a grand team of technicians. Secondary vocational schools shift the focus of their work to the track of serving the local economy, and take the training of junior and intermediate technical talents as their own school-running direction. According to the actual needs of local economic development, we should determine our own purpose of running a school, adjust professional settings, expand teaching materials and improve teaching methods. While doing a good job in strategic positioning, we should improve the teaching methods of technical education in China, scientifically set up a teaching quality evaluation system, and train a large number of skilled workers with professional ideals, professional skills and practical ability for the vast number of manufacturing enterprises.