How did the Ying Bu War happen?

A war between Britain and the Republic of South Africa established by the Boer descendants of Dutch immigrants and the Orange Free State for the territory and underground resources of South Africa. Also known as the South African War and the Boer War. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, abundant diamond mines and gold mines were discovered in Orange and Transvaal, where Bantu people in South Africa lived for generations. European immigrants poured into the mine in search of treasure. C.J. Rhodes, a British monopoly capitalist, bought mining rights and set up a mining company, monopolizing the production of diamonds and some gold. Germany gradually established a strong economic and political power in the land ruled by the Boers. There is fierce competition between Britain and Germany. Egged on by gold capitalists, the British government tried to occupy Transvaal and annex the land ruled by Boers to control all mining areas. The Boers defended their own interests, moved closer to Germany and fought against Britain. War broke out in June1899+1October 1 1. Britain has mobilized 440,000 troops and 88,000 Boers participated in the war. The war process is divided into three stages: ① the first stage (189910 ~190010). At the beginning of the war, the Boers took the offensive. In 65438+February, the Boer army repelled the attack of the British Qing troops on three fronts: Colenso, Storm Behe and maggs Fontaine. The British suffered heavy losses. However, by the end of the year, the Boer army's attack lost momentum and turned to take risks to attack the city and disperse its troops, resulting in the main force failing to capture the eastern coast and Durban port. ② the second stage (February 1900 ~ September1900). The frustrated British army changed its commander-in-chief, and reinforcements poured in, increasing the total number to 6.5438+0.8 million, and invaded the heart of Boer in the east and north. Occupy bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Pretoria and other cities. In September, President Kruger of transvaal province and China went into exile in Europe. Britain announced the annexation of Transvaal and Orange Free State. ③ the third stage (September1900 ~ may 1902). After the Boer army withdrew from the city, it divided into small groups to carry out guerrilla warfare, cut off railway traffic, plundered British materials, annihilated small groups of British troops, harassed the suburbs, and even attacked the central Cape. In order to cope with the Boer guerrillas attacking everywhere, the British army was exhausted and suffered heavy casualties. The war lasted two years and seven months. The British army spent 250 million pounds fighting and killed 2 1942 people. The Boers died 3,990 people on the battlefield and 27,927 people in the concentration camp. The Boers were forced to compromise with Britain. 1902 peace talks began in February, and a peace treaty was signed on May 3 1 day. The Boers promised to stop military resistance, hand over all weapons and recognize the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State as part of the British Empire. Britain promised that post-war military control would be replaced by civil administration as soon as possible, and representative institutions oriented to autonomy would be established as long as the situation permitted; Africans did not have the right to vote before the implementation of autonomy, and even if they were given the right to vote later, they were strictly restricted to ensure the absolute advantage of whites. The British government will pay 3 million pounds to restore the Boer homeland. In the European and North American wars in the18th century, gentlemanly manners were carried forward to the extreme, and both sides of the war could fight to the death or talk to Kan Kan calmly. Anyone who has seen the war movies of that era will find that there are always military bands around when the two armies are at war. As a modern person, it seems difficult to understand how to find a group of people playing and singing on the battlefield in Blood. At that time, the armies of almost all European countries were equipped with military bands. Basically, each company is equipped with three drummers or bagpipers. In fact, as a military band, the first task is to transmit combat signals and instructions to commanders. There was no such thing as a "radio station" in the battle of that year, and it was difficult to give soldiers a wide range of orders on the battlefield. Comparatively speaking, it is very convenient and feasible to rely on drummers to knock out combat signals. In other words, different military music symbolizes different operational orders. In addition, the so-called "linear tactics" is the most commonly used formation in the battles of18th century. This tactic is conducive to exerting the power of large-scale volley, but it also requires keeping pace with the March, so that musicians can let soldiers master their own rhythm according to the rhythm of their own music and maintain the formation of the front line. On the battlefield, there is such an unwritten rule that neither side can take the initiative to attack the other side's military music. Anyone who takes the initiative to attack military musicians will often be denounced as a "despicable person" by public opinion. As for the officers at that time, it was like a similar "preferential treatment" policy. Those who shoot should not take the other commander as a target. A standard18th century European infantry company consists of a captain, one or two lieutenants, one or two lieutenants, five corporal and three musicians, and 140 soldiers. Officers above the warrant officer are regarded as officers. The most obvious recognition is that officers usually hold spears as orders. However, since Ying Bu War, the whole world has bid farewell to the era of cold weapons completely, and the way of fighting has also undergone great changes. In previous wars, certain etiquette was followed, and from then on, victory was the only purpose. It doesn't matter whether the means are despicable or not.