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Design strategy of prefabricated buildings?

What is the specific content of the design strategy of prefabricated buildings? Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions below.

With the acceleration of urbanization, the development of construction industry has been promoted. However, some large-scale construction projects have caused damage to the ecological environment, and people have begun to realize the importance of ecological environmental protection. The construction industry has gradually set foot in the construction of eco-friendly buildings, and the prefabricated buildings meet the requirements of green building development and have been supported. The state advocates vigorously developing prefabricated buildings.

1 analysis of prefabricated buildings

1. 1 development of prefabricated buildings

Nowadays, with the deepening of the concept of green ecology and environmental protection, the construction industry has begun to promote the design of steel structures and prefabricated buildings, which is consistent with engineering production, and also promotes the development of prefabricated building design, making China's architectural design more advanced. Assembled building refers to the building assembled by using parts and components in a reliable connection way at the construction site. Its components should meet the requirements of safety and standardization. This construction method has short construction period and low technical level requirements, which proves its effectiveness in energy saving, material saving and emission reduction in practical projects. It is an industrialized construction method vigorously promoted in China at this stage. /kloc-during the American immigration in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, houses were assembled with wood, which was the predecessor of the development of prefabricated buildings. 185 1 year, the glass-inlaid crystal palace in London is the first large-scale assembled building in international history. After World War II, many houses in Europe and other countries were destroyed. Therefore, houses became the most needed items at that time, and high-quality houses needed to be produced quickly, thus promoting the development of prefabricated buildings. In 1980s, China's prefabricated building structure, upgrading system and floor slab were developed, realizing the progress of industrialization. However, at that time, due to the lack of technical level and economic foundation in China, the assembled structural system could not be popularized. With the improvement of China's comprehensive strength, prefabricated products have been applied in most areas of China at this stage, but there are still some shortcomings in the research of prefabricated buildings, mainly reflected in the lack of theoretical basis of scientific research results, which makes the development of prefabricated buildings unable to be vigorously developed. Assembled building design has the characteristics of strong stability, high safety, high efficiency and environmental protection, which can ensure the quality of structural members, with short construction period and no need for high technical level; Effectively protect the ecological environment and improve the economic benefits of construction projects.

1.2 characteristics of prefabricated buildings

① All building materials of prefabricated buildings can be produced in the workshop, including balcony, air conditioning board, external wall board, stairs, internal wall board, etc. (2) Assemble in the construction site to reduce the traditional cast-in-place work; (3) Implementing an integrated building decorator pattern to realize the simultaneous construction of interior decoration and the main building; (4) The design management of prefabricated buildings has the characteristics of informationization and standardization, and the components have the characteristics of standardization, standardization and high efficiency, which reduces the cost output, can be consistent with the digital management of the factory, and has high cost performance; ⑤ It has the function of ecological protection.

2 Assembled building design method

2. 1 technical design

Technical design plays an important role in prefabricated buildings. Relevant units need to attach great importance to it, deeply understand the external environmental conditions, costs and objectives of the project, ensure the standardization and standardization of prefabricated components, and actively communicate with the construction unit. After research, the two sides have worked out a set of feasible design schemes, which can provide reference for subsequent prefabricated buildings.

2.2 Component design

According to the technical design of prefabricated buildings, the plane and elevation are optimized. On the premise of ensuring the function of prefabricated buildings, we should adhere to the design principle of fewer specifications and more combinations, so that the buildings can meet the requirements of standardization and systematization. In the facade design stage, it is necessary to analyze different structural components and design different facade structures according to the characteristics of prefabricated buildings.

2.3 Preliminary design

According to professional and technical requirements, do a good job in coordinated design; According to the building requirements, design the cast-in-place ground floor; Consider the embedded positions of different professional pipelines and equipment, and then select the appropriate prefabricated components; Pay attention to the stability and value of construction projects, comprehensively analyze the construction time, quality and cost, and then formulate reasonable technical methods.

2.4 Construction scheme design refers to the technical methods of preliminary design, design parameters of interior decoration and prefabricated components. In the process of designing the construction scheme of prefabricated buildings, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pre-embedded reserved components of different professions, and pay attention to the sound insulation and fire prevention design of prefabricated buildings.

2.5 component processing design

In the process of parts processing, manufacturers need to fully communicate with designers. Manufacturers process components according to design requirements, and designers need to provide manufacturers with the dimensions and types of components. On the other hand, attention should also be paid to the fixing of prefabricated components in the construction site and the design of installation holes and hooks.

2.6 Prefabricated Component Design

In the design process of prefabricated components of prefabricated buildings, we should adhere to the concept of standardization and modularization, reduce the use of components as much as possible, ensure the accuracy of components and reduce the project cost; Cast-in-situ construction method can be selected for opening and lowering the slab of prefabricated buildings, and the hoisting, transportation and processing of components are considered comprehensively. Components need to have fireproof and durable effects; In the process of component design, we should pay attention to the safety and stability of components; If the component size is larger, the number of embedded lifting points and component demoulding can be increased; According to different thermal insulation requirements, the external wall panels that meet the requirements are designed to meet the requirements of air conditioning; In the design of building non-bearing wall, it is necessary to choose lightweight partition board with certain sound insulation effect and easy installation. According to different functions, indoor functions are divided to ensure the stability and firmness of the connection between the building structure and the non-load-bearing partition board.

2.7 Structural node design

In the design of prefabricated buildings, the most important thing is the design of structural points. For materials with low waterproof performance, such as external walls, door openings and connecting gaps, the construction points need to have durability and mechanical and physical properties; According to the regional climate characteristics, optimize the design of structural points to reflect the energy-saving effect as much as possible; The vertical joints of exterior wall panels are scientifically designed by combining component waterproofing with material waterproofing, and suitable joints are designed according to different external environments. For example: earthquake, wind load, etc.

3 Conclusion

With the development of construction industry and the progress of prefabricated building technology, prefabricated buildings are designed according to different construction requirements. The progress of prefabricated buildings can also promote the development of construction industry in China.

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