What do you mean by assembly form?

Prefabricated Building-Text is a building assembled from prefabricated components on site. The advantages of this kind of building are fast construction speed, little limitation by climatic conditions, labor saving and improvement of building quality.

The wooden frame prefabricated house used when emigrating to the United States in the 0/7th century A.D./KLOC is a kind of prefabricated building. The Crystal Palace built in London in 185 1 is the first large-scale prefabricated building in the world. After World War II, there was a serious housing shortage in European countries and Japan, and it was urgent to solve the housing problem, which promoted the development of prefabricated buildings. In the 1960s, prefabricated buildings were widely promoted. Assembled buildings are generally divided into five types according to structural forms and construction methods.

Block building is an assembled building made of precast block materials, which is suitable for building 3 ~ 5 floors. If the strength of blocks is improved or steel bars are set, the number of floors can be appropriately increased. Block building has strong adaptability, simple production technology, simple construction and low cost, and can also make use of local materials and industrial waste. Building blocks are divided into three types: small, medium and large: small blocks are suitable for manual handling and masonry, with low industrialization, flexibility and convenience, and wide use; Medium-sized blocks can be hoisted by small machinery, which can save masonry labor; Large blocks have been replaced by prefabricated large plates.

There are two kinds of building blocks: solid and hollow, and the solid is made of light materials. The joint of block is an important link to ensure the strength of masonry. Cement mortar is generally used for masonry, and small blocks can also be built without mortar, which can reduce wet work in construction. Some block surfaces are treated and can be used as drywall.

Plate building is made up of prefabricated large internal and external wallboard, floor slab and roof slab, also known as large plate building. It is the main type of fully assembled buildings in industrialized buildings. Plate building can reduce structural weight, improve labor productivity, and expand the use area and seismic capacity of the building. The inner wallboard of plate building is mostly reinforced concrete solid slab or hollow slab; Exterior wall panels are mostly reinforced concrete composite panels with insulation layer, and wallboard with external decoration can also use lightweight aggregate concrete, foam concrete or macroporous concrete. In order to improve the degree of assembly, centralized indoor fittings or box toilets are often used for equipment in buildings. The key problem of large slab building is joint design. Structurally, the integrity of component connection should be ensured (the connection methods between plates mainly include welding, bolt connection and integral connection of post-pouring concrete). In the waterproof structure, we should properly solve the waterproof problem of exterior wall joints and the heat treatment problem of floor joints and corners. The main disadvantage of large slab building is that it has great constraints on the shape and layout of the building; The internal partition of large slab buildings with small bay and lateral load-bearing lacks elasticity (the internal partition of vertical walls, internal columns and long-span floors can be elastic).

Box building is a kind of assembled building developed from plate building. This kind of building has a high degree of industrialization and quick site installation. Generally, not only the structural part of the box is completed in the factory, but also the internal decoration and equipment installation, and even the furniture and carpets can be completely installed. The box is hoisted and the pipeline is connected, so it can be used. The assembly forms of box-type buildings are:

(1) Full-box, a building composed entirely of overlapping load-bearing boxes.

(2) The board box is to make the kitchen, bathroom or stairwell with small bay into a bearing box, and then use wallboard and floor to form a building.

(3) Core box, which takes the load-bearing toilet box as the core and is surrounded by floor, wallboard or skeleton to form a building.

(4) Skeleton boxes, mostly residential units or single-room boxes made of light materials, are supported on load-bearing skeletons to form buildings. Toilet boxes, including equipment and pipes, can also be made of light materials and placed in other structures. Box-type buildings have a high degree of industrialization, but their development is limited by large investment, inconvenient transportation and heavy hoisting equipment.

Skeleton slab building consists of prefabricated skeleton and slab. There are generally two forms of load-bearing structures: one is a frame structure system composed of columns and beams, and then the floor slab and non-load-bearing internal and external wallboard are put aside; The other is a load-bearing slab-column structural system composed of columns and floors, and the inner and outer wallboard is not load-bearing. The load-bearing skeleton is generally a heavy reinforced concrete structure, and some of them are made of steel and wood materials, which are often used in light assembled buildings. Skeleton slab building has reasonable structure, can reduce building weight and flexible internal separation, and is suitable for multi-storey and high-rise buildings.

There are two kinds of skeleton plate buildings of reinforced concrete frame structure system: full assembly, prefabrication and cast-in-place assembly. The key to ensure that this kind of building structure has sufficient stiffness and integrity is component connection. The joint connection between column and foundation, column and beam, beam and beam, beam and plate should be designed and selected according to the structural needs and construction conditions through calculation. Common joint connection methods include tenon joint, welding, bracket shelving and cast-in-place steel bar lap joint method.