Does Qin Xufu really exist?

The record of Xu Fudong's crossing in Historical Records records the deeds of Xu Fu, which was first seen in the biographies of Qin Shihuang and Huainan Hengshan (called "Xu" in the biographies of Qin Shihuang and "Xu Fu" in Huainan Hengshan). According to Historical Records and Biography of Qin Shihuang, Qin Shihuang hoped to live forever. In the 28th year of Qin Shihuang (2 19 BC), Xu wrote: There are three fairy mountains in the sea, Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals live. So Qin Shihuang sent Xu Shiling to lead thousands of boys and girls, as well as three years of food, clothing, shoes, socks, medicines and farm tools to seek immortality in the sea, which cost a lot of money. However, Xu led many people to the sea for several years and did not find the holy mountain. In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), Qin Shihuang traveled eastward to Langlang, and Xu asked for more shooters to deal with sharks on the pretext that he was blocked by huge sharks after going out to sea. Qin Shihuang agreed and sent a shooter to shoot a big fish. Chui fook led the sea again. There are many records about Xu Fudong's crossing in Historical Records, including Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan, a conversation between Xu Fu and Poseidon from southeast to Penglai, and Poseidon asking for a virgin as a gift. It is generally believed that this is an excuse made up by Xu Fu for Qin Shihuang, and it is also recorded that Xu Fu once again went out to sea to transport food seeds, and hundreds of workers accompanied him. After this voyage, Fu Laixu went to the "Guangze Plain" (probably Kyushu Island, Japan). He felt that the local climate was warm, the scenery was beautiful and the people were friendly, so he "stopped the king from coming" and stopped teaching the local people the methods of farming, fishing, whaling and paper pumping, and never came back. Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan is slightly different from Biography of Qin Shihuang. It is said that Xu Fuyi did not take thousands of boys and girls to the sea at first, but led thousands of boys and girls to the sea when he went to the sea again after years of unsuccessful search for Xianjia. Regarding the three fairy mountains that Xu Fu is going to visit, Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, Historical Records of the Closed Meridian only says that they are in the Bohai Sea, and the specific location cannot be determined. And where is the plain wide ze, there is no textual research. Xu Fudong's crossing the river is also mentioned in the Records of the Three Kingdoms, The History of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Wu Sovereignty, The History of the Later Han Dynasty and The Biography of Dongyi. It is mentioned in the "Three Kingdoms" that Xu Fu went to Zhangzhou and stayed there. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Xuzhou and Yizhou are located in the southeast of China, not far apart. Some people think that Yizhou is Taiwan Province Province, Yizhou is Japan and Japan is the same place. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Japanese in Shu Wei, "should be in the east of Huiji and Dongye", indicating that Japanese people thought that Japan was in the southeast of China at that time. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is also recorded in the same way. The Six Chapters of the Book of Changes was recorded in the last week of the Five Dynasties. Yi Chu, a monk from Kaiyuan Temple in Jeju, explicitly mentioned for the first time that Xu Fu finally arrived in Japan (also known as Japan) in Six Records of Yi Chu, and today's Qin family (Dulaihao family in ancient Japan) is his descendant. He also said that when Xu Fu arrived, he called Mount Fuji Penglai. This is the earliest known China document that clearly points out that the place where Xu Fu stayed was Japanese. However, some people think that the records of Yi Chu are probably related to Japanese legends. Because Yi Chu had a monk friend named Hirosuke (master Hongshun, who came to China in 927) during the Japanese emperor's time, Yi Chu had never been to Japan, and the record about Mount Fuji obviously came from his Japanese friend's statement. The Song of Japanese Knife recorded by Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty clearly pointed out that Xu Fu stayed in Japan, and believed that Xu Fu carried a large number of classics when crossing the river, so that China's classics burned by Qin Shihuang could be preserved in Japan. But the truth of this statement is difficult to verify. 1339, the book "The Canon of Jade Emperor" written by Kitagawa, the minister of the Southern Dynasties of Japan, recorded the history of faith, saying that "the complete works of Confucius only exist in Japan". The earliest record of Xu Fudong's crossing the sea in Japan is Emperor Orthodoxy written by Kitagawa, Minister of the Southern Dynasties in Japan, in 1339. In the 8th century, Japanese classics "Ancient Stories" and "Records of Japan" only mentioned that Qin people migrated to Japan, but there was no record of Xu Fudong crossing the river. Some people think this is because China didn't make it clear that Xu Fudong's destination was Japanese in the 8th century. The Japanese believe that Xu Fu landed in Shin Miyagi (now Shin Miyagi, Wakayama Prefecture) in Kumano, Jizhou, Japan. At present, there are also Xu Fu's Tomb and Xu Fu's Temple in the local area, and every year165438+1October 28th is the day to sacrifice Xu Fu. In the legend of Xu Fu in Japan, the Japanese believe that Xu Fu brought boys and girls, skilled workers, grain seeds, farm tools, medicines, production technology and medical skills, which played an important role in Japan's development, so he was honored as "the god of agriculture" and "the god of medicine". About Xu Fu, my surname is De. The origin of surnames: the first origin: from the point of place names, it comes from Wudi, a border town of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and belongs to the name of Juyi. Wudi, the city name of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, was named after Wudi Water (now Wudigou of Zhangweinan Canal in Yanshan County, Hebei Province) in ancient times. It was the northern border city of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The army was stationed all the year round, mainly to defend Yan State and build Wudi City. The former site of the ancient city is located in the north of Yudian Village, Qingyun County, Dezhou City, and it is one of the eight scenic spots in LaoQingyun County. The former site of the city wall is located in Zhao Village, the old town of Dafuzhuang Township, Yanshan County, Hebei Province, to Tianjin Village, the head of Changjin Township, 60 kilometers northwest of Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province. During the Warring States period, Wudi was an ancient battlefield full of wars, and the vassal states of Qi, Yan, Shanrong and Qin suffered repeated wars and defeats. Among the original soldiers and civilians, some took Juyi's name as the surname, which was called Wudi's. In later provincial languages, it was simply called Shan Di's. In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), Xu (Xu Fu), a local gentleman of Emperor Wu, was ordered by Qin Shihuang to recruit 500 men, women and children, and more than 3,000 craftsmen, sailors and archers in Yanshan area. Then he raised materials in Rao 'an (now Yanshan, Shandong), Qi's hometown, and then went out to sea from Magu Mountain at the eastern end of Emperor Wu, never to return.