(16 points) On October 23, 2011, an earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale occurred in eastern Turkey. Read the material and answer the following questions. Material 1: Figure 1 shows “Türkiye

(1) Turkey is located at the junction (or at the junction of the three major plates) of the Eurasian plate, the African plate, and the Indian Ocean plate (2 points). The crust is active and there are many earthquake. (2 points)

(2) There are many plateaus and mountains (2 points), and the surface is undulating (2 points).

(3) Temperature: The temperature in Ankara is lower than Beirut in both winter and summer (1 point), and the annual temperature range is large (1 point). Reason: Ankara has a high latitude and is far from the sea (Beirut is closer to the sea and is greatly affected by the ocean). (2 points)

Precipitation: Beirut has larger annual precipitation (1 point) and greater seasonal differences (1 point). Reason: In winter, Beirut is located on the windward slope of the westerly wind from the ocean, resulting in more precipitation. Or Ankara is located on a plateau, far away from the sea, with less precipitation. At a higher latitude, it is affected by westerly winds for a long time, and the seasonal changes in precipitation are small.

Test question analysis:

(1) Earthquakes often occur at the junction of plates. Turkey is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate, the African plate, and the Indian Ocean plate. (or at the junction of plates), the crust is active, and there are many earthquakes.

(2) Judging from the characteristics of the contour lines in the figure, the altitude in the central part is mostly above 1000, the contour lines are relatively sparse and are plateaus, and there are many closed high-value centers, that is, mountains - many plateaus and mountains. (2 points), the surface is undulating (2 points).

(3) This question is mainly about the interpretation of Material 2. It can be seen from the temperature curve that the winter and summer temperatures in Ankara are lower than those in Beirut. The annual temperature range in Ankara is significantly larger; Beirut is located on the Mediterranean coast. The latitude is lower (or Ankara has a higher latitude and is located inland); the precipitation histogram reflects that the total precipitation in Beirut is larger. Note that the numerical difference in precipitation on the ordinate in the figure is mainly concentrated in winter (Mediterranean climate); so Seasonal differences are even greater; reason analysis: The main source of water vapor for precipitation in this area is the westerly wind. Beirut has a low latitude and is close to the sea. It is affected by the westerly wind in winter and is located on the windward slope, with more precipitation. In summer, it is mainly controlled by the subtropical high pressure and has less precipitation. The seasonal changes in precipitation are large (or Ankara is located on a plateau, far away from the sea, has less precipitation, has a higher latitude, is affected by the westerly wind for a long time, and the seasonal changes in precipitation are small).