Textual research on Wang Shi department of Ledu Temple in Qinghai.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Han people moved into Hehuang area, including Ledu. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to northwest frontier defense after Hehuang was demarcated in the early Ming Dynasty. In view of the military disputes between Hehuang in history, he strengthened his military defense forces. However, in the process of implementation, there are thorny problems, and it is time-consuming and laborious to transport the grain and grass needed by military forces from the mainland; Moreover, due to years of war, a large area of land in the border areas is barren. In order to "raise soldiers without sickening farmers" and achieve the goal of "having enough to eat in Qiang Bing", the imperial court promulgated the strategy of "emigrating to the frontier" and vigorously promoted the system of reclaiming farmland, making it a basic national policy to emigrate to reclaim farmland. The scale, scope and duration of reclamation in the Ming Dynasty were unprecedented in the previous dynasties. Large-scale border guards guarding Hehuang area caused a wave of immigrants, and a large number of Han people from the Central Plains and Jianghuai areas moved into Hehuang area. In the Qing Dynasty, the population of the whole country increased rapidly, but the cultivated land in the Central Plains did not increase, and the contradiction between agricultural working population and cultivated land became more and more serious. "The fields of the rich are connected with buildings, and the poor have no place to stand." In order to solve the problem of high population density in the Central Plains, the imperial court followed the example of the Ming Dynasty and implemented the strategy of emigrating to the border, so a large number of Han people from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Gansu moved to Hehuang area. At the same time, some Central Plains businessmen volunteered to do business in the Hehuang area of Ledu. "Immigrants" in Ming and Qing Dynasties are also recorded in many genealogies of Ledu. For example, Wang Xing "was originally from Jinling, and when he was in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, he was stationed in the army until he was destroyed, and his former residence was his home"; The Wangs of Gaomiao moved into Gaomiao from Zhu Shi Lane (or Zhusi Lane, Zhu Qing Lane and Zhuji Lane). Ma Shi "settled in the west bank of Maozhaigou River from Nanjing Zhu Shi Lane because of Pingrong"; Li is a native of Linxian County, Fenzhou District, Shanxi Province. During the reign of Qing Qianlong, it was squeezed by trade, and the family was surrounded by walls "; Yan settled here from Lanzhou during the reign of Qing Qianlong; Zhang of Gaomiao "came from Shanxi to settle in Gaomiao during the reign of Qing Qianlong", and so on. From this point of view, the Han people who immigrated to Hehuang area in Ming and Qing Dynasties came from a wide range, including Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas centered on Nanjing and the Central Plains. A large number of Han people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the Central Plains moved to Ledu, which naturally brought the culture, folk customs and entertainment forms there to Ledu. It coincides with the prevalence of social fires in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the Central Plains during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it should be from that time that Ledu officially played social fires.