Why did Bangladesh leave Pakistan?

The third India-Pakistan War Encyclopedia Vampire Fighter At the end of 1971, India sent troops because of the independence of East Pakistan, and the conflict with Pakistan resumed in Kashmir, and the third India-Pakistan War broke out. With the intervention of the United Nations, the two sides achieved a ceasefire on December 17, 1971, and East Pakistan became independent from Pakistan and became Bangladesh today. Name: Location of the Third India-Pakistan War: Pakistan Time: November 21, 1971. Participants: Pakistan, India. Troops: India: 17,. Pakistan: 3,. Catalogue Overview of background strength comparison process, cause analysis of short-term causes and consequences. Overview of background strength comparison process, cause analysis of short-term causes and long-term consequences. Edit this paragraph. It has been almost 3 years since the third India-Pakistan War in 1971. Although the war has faded from the memory of many people, many questions still linger in the minds of some experts. At the end of 1971, India sent troops because of the independence of East Pakistan, and the conflict with Pakistan resumed in Kashmir, and the third India-Pakistan war broke out. With the intervention of the United Nations, the two sides achieved a ceasefire on December 17, 1971, and East Pakistan became independent from Pakistan and became Bangladesh today. [1] Editing the background of this paragraph In March 1971, the Indian Cabinet, Parliament and National Congress held separate meetings and adopted a resolution to support the establishment of "Bangladesh" in East Pakistan. At the same time, troops were assembled on the India-Pakistan border to conduct military exercises. In July, India made a war plan to "liberate Bangladesh". At the same time, India actively carried out great power diplomacy and made full preparations for launching war. On August 9, 1971, India and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation with the nature of military alliance. The signing of this treaty not only shows that the war has been actively cooperated by the Soviet Union, but also limits the intervention of the United States and other western countries. At the same time, Indian Prime Minister Ying? 6? On October 23rd, Mrs Gandhi started a three-week visit to the United States, France, Britain, West Germany, Belgium, Australia and other western countries to find out the cards of the western countries led by the United States. On the surface, India said that it could consider the proposal put forward by US President Nixon that both India and Pakistan should withdraw their troops from the same border and be supervised by a United Nations observer team, but it would never accept it in its heart, because it would lose the best opportunity to wage war. As for China, India made a precise analysis: at that time, China was in the critical period of entering the United Nations, and there were still some domestic problems to be solved, so it was extremely unlikely to send troops to help Pakistan. In this way, the outside interference has been eliminated, and India has great hope of winning by relying solely on the respective strengths of India and Pakistan. [2] Edit the strength comparison of this section. Until November 1971, the deployment of troops of both sides was basically completed. India's troops in the direction of Dongba ***3 military departments, 7 divisions, 12 squadrons of the Air Force, 2 combat aircraft and 26 naval vessels, with about 17, people; In the direction of West Pakistan, there are 13 divisions and 8 brigades, 2 squadrons of the Air Force, 3 combat aircraft and 2 naval vessels, with about 3, people. Pakistan's troops in the direction of Dongba ***4 infantry divisions, 2 squadrons of the Air Force and 17 combat aircraft, with about 9, people; In the direction of Xiba, the troops invested are ***12 divisions and 6 brigades, 2 squadrons of the Air Force, 2 combat aircraft and more than 2 naval vessels, with about 25, people. Compared with the forces of the two sides, in the direction of Dongba, the Indian army has obvious advantages and the Pakistani army is at a disadvantage; In the direction of West Pakistan, the two armies are evenly matched, and the Indian army has a slight advantage. On November 21, 1971, the Indian army launched a surprise attack on Pakistan. On the afternoon of 3 December, the President of Pakistan was forced to announce a counterattack against India's undeclared war. For India, this declaration of war is just what you want. Indian Prime Minister Ying? 6? Mrs Gandhi happily declared to the whole country: "The war in Bangladesh has become a war against India." At this point, the third India-Pakistan war broke out in an all-round way. The war started in Dongba and Xiba battlefields. India's strategic attempt is to attack the east and defend the west with the ultimate goal of seizing Dongba. Pakistan's strategic guiding principle is to stick to all strategic locations in order to crush the Indian army's surprise action. In the Dongba battlefield, with the close cooperation of the navy and air force, the Indian army concentrated its forces and carried out "multi-channel centripetal assault" on Dongba from three directions: east, west and north. After the Indian army in three operational directions successively completed the operational preparations for the attack on Dhaka, the Indian army began to launch a general attack on Dhaka. The 5th paratroopers brigade of the Indian army first carried out airborne operations in Naxigedi, a key point in the northeast, 3 kilometers away from Dhaka, which cut off the retreat of the Pakistani army in one fell swoop and pushed south to Dhaka. On December 15th, the Indian army completed the encirclement of Dhaka from the east, west and north, while the navy and air force imposed a strict blockade from the sea and air, completely cutting off any contact between Dongba and Xiba and the outside. In this case, the defenders of Dongba surrendered to the Indian army on December 16th, and the offensive and defensive operations of Dongba battlefield came to an end. In the West Pakistan battlefield, the two sides fought mainly in air combat. By virtue of its superiority in air force, the Indian army tried to strike hard at the base of the Pakistan Air Force, destroy the transportation lines of Pakistan, isolate the interconnection of the battlefields of Pakistan Army, prevent the ground forces of Pakistan from maneuvering and assembling, and achieve the purpose of weakening and restraining the ground forces of West Pakistan. The Pakistani army made efforts to strengthen air defense in key areas, restrain and weaken the Indian Air Force's combat power, prevent or limit the Indian Air Force's air strikes, and ensure the ground operations. As a result of the engagement, neither side achieved decisive results. While competing in the air, the two sides also carried out limited ground operations. The two armies have their own offensive actions, in which the Indian army launched an offensive in multiple ways, occupying 3,6 square kilometers of territory in West Pakistan Sindh province and Sakgarh area successively. At this time, the Indian army had won the battle in Dongba, so India announced on December 17 that it would implement a "unilateral ceasefire" in the West Pakistan region. Pakistan accepted India's cease-fire proposal, and the combat operations on the West Pakistan battlefield ended. After the founding of Pakistan, its territory was divided into two parts: east and west. Dongba and Xiba are separated by India, which is more than 2, kilometers apart. Although most residents of the two places believe in Islam, there are great differences in language, culture, customs and habits. After Pakistan's independence, although the Bangladeshi population in Dongba accounted for 56% of the total population of Pakistan, its central government was basically in the hands of Xiba people. Therefore, East Bangladeshis believe that they are excluded and discriminated against in state institutions. On the economic side, Dongba's agricultural products have created a lot of foreign exchange income for Pakistan, but the national income distribution between East and West Pakistan has been seriously uneven for a long time. Dongba's large income is mainly used for the construction of Xiba, and Dongba can only get about 2% of it, while Xiba's agricultural development speed is four times that of Dongba. The economic gap between East and West Pakistan is getting bigger and bigger, and the contradiction is also deepening. Culturally, although 54% of the people in Pakistan speak Bengali, the central government insists on using Urdu as the national language. For a long time, Dongba Bangladeshi people have been fighting for their rights. This struggle reached its peak in Pakistan's general election in 197. In the general election, the People's Alliance, which has a broad mass base in Dongba, took Mojber? Rahman led the way to victory and occupied a majority in the National Assembly. Its Six-Point Program advocated East Pakistan's autonomy, which was rejected by Pakistan's central government. This disagreement has made the domestic political situation in Pakistan increasingly tense. In March 1971, Pakistani President Yahya? Khan sent troops into Dongba to suppress it on the grounds that the law and order in Dongba were out of control. Out of resentment and fear of the Pakistani army and government authorities, Bangladeshis have left their homes and fled to India. The People's Alliance was declared illegal, its leaders were imprisoned, some members of the People's Alliance fled to India, and a "Bangladesh Interim Government" was established in India in April 1971. East and West Pakistan split. The civil strife in Pakistan was originally an internal affair of a country and had nothing to do with India. But India excuses Pakistani President Yahya? Khan's military suppression of Bangladeshis in Dongba and the influx of Dongba refugees into India premeditated armed intervention in Pakistan's internal affairs. Long-term reasons: First of all, the territorial disputes left over by partition of india are endless, which makes it difficult to substantially improve the relations between the two countries. Soon after India and Pakistan became independent, there was a big fight over the ownership of the three major territories-Hyderabad, Junagar and Kashmir. Due to the continuous loss of Junagar and Hyderabad, Pakistan could not tolerate India's continued gain in Kashmir, so it took a tough stance and did not hesitate to meet each other many times. Secondly, religious conflicts occur frequently and contradictions are difficult to reconcile. The partition according to religious factors failed to solve the religious contradictions and conflicts in the subcontinent. The goal of establishing a country with a single religious component has not yet been realized. There are still more than 38 million Muslims in India, while there are more than 1 million Hindus left in Pakistan. Conflicts between Hindus and Muslims in Pakistan or India will immediately cause reactions in the other country and rise to the issue of relations between the two countries. Third, the bipolar pattern of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union has intensified the contradiction between India and Pakistan. India has maintained good relations with the Soviet Union since its independence. South Asia is an important part of the Soviet Union's strategy of infiltration and expansion into the third world, and it is also one of the important regions that the United States and the Soviet Union compete for. Under the banner of supporting the national independence movement, the Soviet Union hoped to expand its influence in the Third World and the Non-Aligned Movement by strengthening its relations with India. The leader of the Soviet Union once claimed: "When various external forces put pressure on India to defend its vital interests, the Soviet Union always stood with India. Soviet-Indian relations are a model of relations between two countries with different social systems. " In the dispute between India and its neighbors, the Soviet Union obviously sided with India. This was fully demonstrated in the third India-Pakistan war. Facing the quasi-alliance relationship between India and the Soviet Union, the United States once imagined an alliance with India, but Nehru's non-alignment policy failed to make it happen, so the United States shifted the focus of its South Asia policy from India to Pakistan, and strengthened its relations with Pakistan as a balancing force in South Asia strategy. Since 1954, the United States began to provide military assistance to Pakistan. This decision has long damaged the development of US-India relations. Subsequently, the United States pulled Pakistan into southeast asia treaty organization and Baghdad Treaty Organization. America's South Asia policy of "emphasizing Pakistan over India" made India think that its policies and actions threatened its national security. The United States and the Soviet Union supported each other behind their backs, thus providing a steady stream of power for the deepening of the contradiction between India and Pakistan. Consequences of editing this paragraph First of all, this less than a month's war has split Pakistan in two, and East Pakistan, which accounts for 56% of Pakistan's population and 16% of its area, has become an independent country-Bangladesh. India's desire to dismember Pakistan has been realized. Since then, the power balance of countries in the South Asian subcontinent has changed obviously, and the dismembered Pakistan has further widened the power gap with India. India has become the only regional power in South Asia with obvious economic and military advantages. Secondly, during the third India-Pakistan war, the United States was worried that the Soviet Union would play a dominant role in South Asia, so it adopted a policy of favoring Pakistan in the war. Although the U.S. military did not directly participate in the war, the relationship between India and the United States fell to the lowest point after the war. As India gradually became the outpost of the Soviet Union's southward strategy and a strategic partner against China, the relationship between India and the Soviet Union continued to heat up. The United States clearly sees that the Soviet Union is using its relations with India to enter the South Asian subcontinent and further enhance its influence and power. The strategic contraction of the United States in South Asia stimulated the Soviet Union to implement the strategy of going south to the Indian Ocean to some extent, which laid the groundwork for the Soviet Union to enter Afghanistan. Third, the tortuous changes in the relations between Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. More than two years after the establishment of Bangladesh, in April 1974, the foreign ministers of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh reached an agreement on the repatriation of prisoners of war, and the relations between the three countries tended to normalize. In October 1975, Bangladesh and Pakistan formally established diplomatic relations. In 1975, a military coup took place in Bangladesh. As soon as the new government opposed India's intimate attitude, it vigorously developed relations with Arab countries and began to restore relations with Pakistan. After that, a series of incidents occurred between Bangladesh and India, such as disputes over the distribution of the Faraka River, India's cessation of military aid to Bangladesh, border conflicts between the two countries, illegal immigration and so on, and the relationship between Bangladesh and India was seriously reversed.