The internal debate of libertarianism

△ Libertarians' views on capitalism: Almost all libertarians support deregulation and free trade, because they believe that people have the right to start and develop commerce, manufacturing, transportation, trade and trade freely, and the government should try its best to avoid interfering in these things. Some people may support a few private monopolies. Some liberals, such as milton friedman, may support market reforms such as education vouchers, but others think that such plans will pose a threat to private enterprises and expand the size of the government. At the same time, many liberals also oppose the government's implementation of anti-monopoly laws and other laws and regulations prohibiting insider trading and driving up prices.

△ Libertarians' views on wealth redistribution: Most libertarians oppose forced wealth redistribution and government welfare policies because they think that forced redistribution is a kind of "legal theft". However, some people will support minimum and temporary public support.

△ libertarianism's view on taxation: Some libertarians believe that the logical consistency of libertarianism (mutual non-aggression and individual rights) proves that taxation does not need to exist at all, while those who support a limited-scale government will support low tax rates and think that if a society lacks taxation, it will be difficult to provide public interests such as public safety and fire protection. See also: small government.

△ libertarian view of political alliance: Most libertarians form an alliance with modern conservatives in policy, including economic issues, freedom of speech, gun control, etc. But libertarians will form alliances with modern liberals on many social issues. Foreign policy is a heated debate among liberals. Most liberals will oppose war and conservative militant policies, but they will also oppose the positions of the United Nations and liberals. Some people will choose to form alliances with isolationists and religious conservatives, despite great differences on economic and social issues. Some people will refuse to form an alliance with any political group other than liberal parties, and they will never vote for mainstream candidates. Most liberals usually only vote for candidates who support liberal theories. A typical example is US Congressman Ron Paul. Those who choose to vote for anyone who meets their goals and ideas are called "little L liberals" or "philosophical liberals" because they will be more willing to compromise with other political parties to expand the goal of individual freedom. In the pre-selection of the Democratic presidential candidate in the US presidential election in 2004, a small number of "lowercase -L liberals" chose to support howard dean as the presidential candidate, because he supported free trade and people's gun rights, and worried that the election of John Kerry or George W. Bush would cause even worse consequences. Some liberals chose to vote for George Bush, fearing that John Kerry would hinder free trade. Some people think that Republicans prefer the idea of small government, so they choose to vote for Bush. A small number of liberals voted for Kerry because they were dissatisfied with Bush's failure to curb federal spending. However, a large number of libertarians finally gave up voting (because they were not satisfied with the liberal candidate in 2004), or still voted for the liberal candidate Michael Badnarik-although the chances of winning were extremely slim, because they thought that neither of the two major political parties met the principles of libertarianism.

△ Liberals' views on intellectual property rights: Some liberals believe that intellectual property rights (and other intangible ones) should be treated equally with the property rights of entities, because they believe that both can be justified by natural rights. Some people use utilitarian reasoning to defend intellectual property rights. They believe that intellectual property can maximize the motivation for innovation. However, there are still some liberals who believe that intellectual property is a kind of "intellectual protectionism" and should be completely abolished.

△ libertarianism's view on immigrants: libertarianism is based on natural law and usually supports people's freedom of migration. However, some liberals believe that unlimited national boundaries will lead to the legal invasion of foreigners. Arguments usually focus on the self-ownership of the body and whether we have the right to hire everyone in the world without the permission of the federal government. Sometimes the focus of debate is whether immigrants will abuse the government's treasury resources. "Consequence liberalism" believes that whether to open immigrants should be judged by the impact on the economy. Ideally, libertarians would oppose the government's involvement in various social projects, so they would not support the imposition of additional taxes on immigrants.

△ Liberals' Views on Abortion: Another controversy is related to the control of abortion. In the United States, both sides of the debate will agree that this issue should be decided by local state governments, not the central government of the country. Therefore, they think that the case of Luo v. Wade granted by the Federal Supreme Court 1973 is invalid, because this case was decided by the central government of the country, but it violated the state government's right to legislate on its own. As for libertarians who do not support the power of state governments, they think that the issues decided by state governments or central governments are not important. Although the number is small, some liberals (including many Mises) think that abortion is first and foremost a violent act against the fetus, so they think that abortion is wrong. Other liberals believe that the growing fetus should belong to the jurisdiction of women's own bodies.

△ Liberals' views on the death penalty: Some liberals support the death penalty on the grounds of self-defense and revenge for justice. Others think that this is an excessive abuse of state power. Many liberals oppose the death penalty because they think it is irreversible and because they think it will conflict with the prohibition of "cruel and rare punishment" in the Bill of Rights.

△ Libertarians' views on foreign interference: Most libertarians oppose and question the government's interference in other countries' affairs, especially in violent interference. Others (such as those influenced by objectivism) believe that when foreign governments seriously violate their own rights, their own governments should intervene for moral reasons. However, such interference must also take into account the interests of the country.

△ Liberals' views on gay rights: Most liberals believe that adults have the right to choose their own lifestyle or sexual orientation, as long as this behavior is based on the premise of not interfering with others' equal sexual orientation and religious freedom. However, the attitude of liberals towards gay marriage is also controversial. Most disputes focus on the intervention of local governments in gay marriage. Pure philosophical liberals will demand that all marriages must have a legal contract, and demand that all the parts involved in the word marriage be clearly defined in the contract, so that all adults can sign marriage contracts under legal circumstances, thus solving the problems involved in the government's recognition of all marriage contracts, including heterosexual marriages. The situation would be the same if the state government no longer restricted that only certain contracts were legal. Gay men, lesbians, polygamy or polyandry can all sign their own legal contracts, just like heterosexual marriage.

△ Liberalism's concept of inheritance: How to deal with posthumous wills and unfinished contracts is also the focus of debate, and inheritance after death is also one of the problems. When the contract is signed, it shall be executed according to the wishes of the property owner. Generally libertarians believe that the inheritance that is not distributed according to the will should be given to the living relatives first, and ideally all the inheritance should not flow into the pocket of the government. Many liberals support the establishment of a private credit institution to help people carry out their wills, so as to avoid taxing their inheritance after their death.

△ Liberals' view of natural resources: Some liberals (such as environmentalists and objectivists in the free market) believe that environmental pollution is caused by improper possession and management of natural resources by the state, and privatization of natural resources can achieve a better natural environment, because privatized ownership can better promote owners to protect the long-term value of property.

△ libertarians' view of animal rights: a few libertarians advocate the basic rights of animals (they are also regarded as independent individuals, so they have the right to be free from coercion), while others believe that animals belong to private property and their owners have the absolute right to dispose of them freely.

The official attitude of the Liberal Party is that it is inappropriate to focus on these issues. According to the Dallas agreement, members of the Liberal Party reached a consensus that they should focus on voluntary solutions rather than supporting a particular method. On social issues, the Liberal Party focuses on voluntary solutions and non-governmental organizations to solve problems, rather than forcing the government. Issues related to national defense and immigration should focus on how to promote voluntary solutions promoted by the Liberal Party and its allies. For the problems faced by other countries, the solution should be to adopt more libertarian policies, or all countries can apply the principle of libertarianism.