What are the symptoms of lead poisoning?

Classification: Medical/Disease >> Surgery

Problem description:

When I was a child, I often scraped my teeth with a pencil. What sequela will there be?

Analysis:

Its clinical features are severe abdominal colic, anemia, toxic liver disease, toxic nephropathy and multiple peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms include dizziness, general weakness, muscle and joint pain, inability to eat, constipation or diarrhea, hepatomegaly, liver tenderness, jaundice and elevated blood pressure. Laboratory examination: In addition to the obvious increase of lead poisoning index, bile red matter and ALT increased; Urine red blood cells, white blood cells and urine urobilinogen were positive. Both hemoglobin and red blood cells have decreased. Nervous system examination showed that the limbs showed glove-sock hypoesthesia, muscle atrophy and myasthenia. In severe cases, lead paralysis occurs, that is, wrist drooping and foot drooping; Causing toxic encephalopathy, severe headache, convulsion, delirium, convulsion, coma and even coma. Paralytic intestinal obstruction may occur in some patients.

Generally speaking, it can recover quickly after lead removal treatment. Except for lead poisoning encephalopathy, there are few sequelae and a good prognosis.

chronic poisoning

Occupational lead poisoning is mostly chronic poisoning with comprehensive symptoms of nervous system, digestive system and blood system.

Nervous system: mainly manifested as neurasthenia, polyneuropathy and encephalopathy.

Mental failure is one of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in the early stage, which is manifested as dizziness, headache, general weakness, memory loss, sleep disorder, dreaminess and so on. Among them, dizziness and general weakness are the most obvious, but they are generally mild and belong to functional symptoms. There are many patients with early lead poisoning, and the above symptoms are not obvious.

Polyneuropathy can be divided into sensory type, sports type and mixed type. The sensory type is characterized by numbness of limbs and gloves-socks sensory disturbance of limbs. The manifestations of exercise are: 1, muscle weakness, first of all, the grip strength decreases, which appears earlier and is more common. It further develops into muscle weakness, mostly extensor weakness. 2. Muscle paralysis, also known as lead paralysis, is more common in wrist ptosis of fingers and extensor carpi radialis, also known as wrist ptosis; The peroneal muscle, extensor digitorum communis and extensor digitorum segments show foot drop, also known as foot drop.

Encephalopathy is the most serious lead poisoning. It is characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, high fever, irritability, convulsion, lethargy, mental disorder, coma and other symptoms, similar to epilepsy, meningitis, brain edema, psychosis or local brain injury. Due to the improvement of working conditions in China, it is rare, but the incidence of children abroad is very high.

Digestive system: Generally, the symptoms of digestive tract are mild and abdominal cramps are severe.

Symptoms of digestive tract include metallic taste in the mouth, loss of appetite, abdominal distension and discomfort in the upper abdomen, dull pain and constipation in the abdomen, dry stool with abacus beads, and intractable constipation as a precursor before the onset of lead colic. Abdominal colic is a sudden attack disease, which mainly occurs around the navel, and the pain continues to increase paroxysmally, each attack lasts for several minutes to several hours. Because of the severe pain, I often bend my knees, toss and turn, and press my hands on my abdomen to relieve the pain. At the same time, pale, cold sweat, vomiting. At the time of examination, the abdomen was flat and soft, with mild tenderness, no fixed tenderness point, decreased bowel sounds, often accompanied by temporary blood pressure increase and fundus artery spasm.

Blood system: Lead mainly interferes with the synthesis process of hemoglobin, leading to the changes of its metabolites, such as the decrease of blood δ-ALAD activity, the increase of urine δ-ALA, the increase of urine CP, and the increase of blood FEP and ZPP. Eventually lead to anemia, mostly low pigment normal erythrocytic anemia.

Other systems: The damage of lead to kidney is more common in acute, subacute lead poisoning or severe chronic cases, including amino acid proteinuria, red blood cells, white blood cells, casts and renal insufficiency, suggesting toxic nephropathy with hypertension. Female workers are sensitive to lead, especially during pregnancy and lactation, which can cause infertility, abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth and lead poisoning in infants. Male workers can reduce * * *, weaken activities and change their forms. In addition, it can also cause hypothyroidism.

The refill of a pencil is made of graphite, not lead. Don't worry.