Where were the earliest colonies in England? What happened afterwards? And then what?

The British colony is at most 1 10 times that of the native land, and the population of the colony is 8 times that of the native land. By the eve of World War I, the sphere of influence controlled by Britain had reached 1/4 of the world area. But after the two world wars, most British colonies became independent.

1607 Britain established its first permanent overseas colony in Jamestown, Virginia. In the following three centuries, Britain expanded its overseas sphere of influence and consolidated its domestic political development.

At the peak of its territorial expansion in 192 1, the territory of the British Empire was as follows.

Africa

Basutoland is now Lesotho. 1868 Britain annexed this area, 187 1 handed it over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and 1884 Britain resumed direct jurisdiction. Independent of 1966.

Bethune is Botswana today. The British Expeditionary Force arrived there in 1884, and 1885 was declared a British protectorate. 1895, part of Bethune was handed over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and the rest continued to be under the direct jurisdiction of Britain. Independent of 1966.

British Togo was originally a German colony, and was divided into French Togo and British Togo after World War I. After the war, Britain designated this area and merged it into the Gold Coast at 19 19, and Ghana became a part of its territory after independence.

British Cameroon was originally a German colony. After World War I, Britain designated some of them. 196 1 year, Britain, France and Cameroon merged and declared independence.

Gambia has been the stronghold of British businessmen since 166 1, 182 1 merged into Sierra Leone, 1888 became an independent British colony, 1894 declared some inland areas as British protectorates,1994.

The Gold Coast is now Ghana. From 163 1, British businessmen began to live here. 182 1 to 1874 is an administrative region of British Sierra Leone, in which 1828 to 1843 are controlled by businessmen. From 1830, its territory began to expand inland. 1874, Britain established the Gold Coast Colony, and its boundary was finally determined in 1904. British Togo was merged in 19 19 and became independent in 1957.

Egypt was occupied by Britain in 1882. From 19 14 to 1922, it is a British protectorate. It gained independence in 1922, but fulfilled the necessary treaty obligations to Britain. British troops remained in the country until 1954.

Kenya was acquired after 1886 when Britain and Germany carved up East Africa. 1888 was incorporated into the jurisdiction of British East Africa Company, and 1895 was directly managed by British government instead of East Africa Company. 1920 Kenya was established as a colony, and 1963 became independent.

Mauritius 18 14 Britain won Mauritius from France and became independent in 1968.

Nigeria set up a consulate in that country on 185 1, annexed some areas on 186 1, set up a protected area in Niger on 1885, and handed it over to the Royal Niger Company on 1886. 19 14 north and south Nigeria merge, 19 19 will be British.

Cameroon was incorporated into Nigeria and became independent in 1960.

Northern rhodesia and present-day Zambia. 189 1 was ruled by British south African companies, and 1924, the British government began to directly rule this area. 1953 Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and southern rhodesia established the Central African Federation, and 1964 became independent.

Nyasaland is now Malawi. Since 1875, missionaries have established their strongholds during this period. 189 1 year, Britain established a protected area in Central Africa. 1907 was named Nyasalan. 1953 merged with northern rhodesia and southern rhodesia to form the Central African Federation, and 1964 became independent.

Sierra Leone has been an important stronghold for British companies to sell slaves since 1787. 1807 became a British colony, 1896 its inland area was declared a British protectorate, 196 1 year became independent.

Southern rhodesia is now Zimbabwean. 1893, Britain took southern rhodesia from African tribes and managed it by British South Africa Company. 1923 set up a responsible government, which is managed by the British government. From 1953 to 1964, the Central African Federation was formed with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. 1965, the white minority government declared its independence on its own. 1980, the white regime reached an agreement with the black ethnic group, renamed Zimbabwe, and became a recognized sovereign country.

British Somaliland became a protectorate of Aden in 1884, demarcated its border in 1897, became a separate colony in 1905, and was briefly occupied by Italy from 1940 to/941year./kloc-

In 1795 and 1806, South Africa took part of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch twice. In 18 14, the Cape of Good Hope was completely annexed and came under the direct jurisdiction of Britain from 1872. After the British occupation of this former Dutch colony, many Dutch whites began to immigrate to the Orange Free State and Transvaal, but Britain annexed these two areas after the Boer War of 1900. 1843 Natal was annexed by Britain and became its colony. 19 10, the above colonies merged to form the south African Federation and became a dominion.

Southwest Africa and present-day Namibia. 1878, Walvis port in Namibia was declared a British territory; 1884, it was incorporated into the colony of the Cape of Good Hope; 19 15, Britain annexed the German colony around the port; 19 19. 1990 independence.

Swaziland 1890 Britain and Transvaal jointly protect Swaziland rulers, 1906 Britain protects them alone, 1968 is independent.

Sudan Sudan was originally a colony of Egypt, and Egypt's rule was overthrown by Mehdi in the1880s. 1898 Britain reoccupied Sudan in the name of Egypt and ruled Sudan together with Egypt. 1956 Sudan becomes independent.

Tanganyika was originally a German colony in East Africa. 19 19 was appointed by Britain, 19 1 year became independent, and 1964 formed Tanzania with Zanzibar.

Zanzibar was founded by Britain in 184 1, declared a British protectorate in 1890, became independent in 1963, and merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania the following year.

Uganda 1890 The British East Africa Company signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Buganda, and Buganda officially became a British protectorate in 1894, and several other regions joined the protectorate in succession in 1896. Uganda was established as a colony in 1905 and became independent in 1962.

America and the Atlantic Ocean

Ascension 18 15 After Napoleon was imprisoned in St. Helena, Britain stationed troops here to prevent the French from controlling the island. St. Helena began to accept administrative jurisdiction from 1922.

British Guiana. 1796 and 1803, Britain captured three colonies originally belonging to the Netherlands: Bobis, Melara and Essequibo. 183 1 year, three colonies merged to form British Guiana colony, 1966 became independent.

British Honduras and now Belize. Since 1636, British loggers have settled along the coast of this country. After that, Spain and Britain competed for control of the region until 1786, when Britain gained full control. 1862 to 1884 was under Jamaican jurisdiction, 1884 became an independent colony, and 198 1 year became independent.

French Canada was occupied by Britain in 1760, and the British Quebec colony was established in 1763. 179 1 year, Quebec was divided into two independent colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Later, Lower Canada was renamed East Canada, and Upper Canada was called West Canada.

Canada, East Canada and West Canada are the core parts of Quebec and Ontario respectively. 1867 merged with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to form the dominion of Canada, followed by British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Northwest China and New Zealand.

Finland joined the dominion of Canada.

Falkland Islands Britain occupied the Falkland Islands for the first time in 1765, then withdrew in 1774 under the protest of Spain, reoccupied in 1833, and began colonial rule in 184 1 year. 1982 Argentina declared the Falkland Islands as its own, which triggered the Falklands War. After the victory of the war, Britain recovered the sovereignty of the Falklands.

British ships have been fishing in Newfoundland since the late 5th century. Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed in Newfoundland on 1583 and declared it a British territory. 17 13 years, the British government began to colonize it directly. 1855, Newfoundland established a responsible government, but in 1938.

1650, part of St. Christopher immigrated to Anguilla. 1663, the island was declared a British territory. From 1882 to 1967, it was managed by the joint government with St. Christopher, 1967 withdrew from Britain, 1969.

St Christopher of Antigua colonized it in 1632, and came under British jurisdiction in 1663. 198 1 became Antigua and Barbuda.

The Bahamas was ruled by Britain in 17 17 and became independent in 1973.

Barbados has been inhabited since 1625. 1663 was ruled by the British government, and 1966 became independent.

Bermuda 16 12 A London company began to manage Bermuda, and it came under the direct jurisdiction of the British government from 1684.

The British Virgin Islands was inhabited from 1666 and became a British colony from 17 13.

The Cayman Islands was ceded by Spain in 1670, and was under the direct administration of Jamaican colonial government until 1959 became an independent colony.

Dominica was acquired by Britain from France in 176 1 year, France recaptured Dominica in 1778 and Britain reoccupied it in 1783; 1978 Independent.

Grenada was captured by Britain from France in 1762, recaptured by France in 1779 and reoccupied by Britain in 1783. Independent of 1974.

Jamaica 1655 Britain seized the island from Spain and became independent in 1962.

Montserrat has been inhabited since 1632 and became a British colony in 1663. France ruled the island twice in 1664~ 1768 and 1782~ 1784.

St Christopher and St Christopher of Nevis became the first British colony in the Caribbean in 1623. It was directly ruled by the British government from 1663, and was briefly occupied by France from 1782 to 1783. 1882 St. Christopher and Nevis formed a Coalition government, 1983 became independent and was called Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Lucia was seized by Britain from France in 1778, returned to France in 1783, reoccupied by Britain in 1796 and 1803 respectively, and permanently annexed by Britain in 18 14./kloc

Saint Vincent and Britain occupied the island in 1762, France occupied it in 1779 ~ 1783, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became independent in 1979.

Trinidad was acquired by Britain from Spain in 1797, formed a coalition government with Tobago in 1888, and Trinidad and Tobago became independent in 1962.

Turks and Caicos Islands have been inhabited here since 1678. 1766, when the islands were annexed by Britain, they were successively administered by the colonial governments of Jamaica and Bahamas. 1973 became a separate colony.

St Helena was annexed by Britain in 165 1 year, managed by the East India Company in 166 1 year, and directly under the jurisdiction of the British government in 1834.

Tristan da Cunha was occupied by the British Royal Navy in 18 16 to prevent Napoleon, who was imprisoned on St. Helena in18/0/5, from becoming a British colony under the administrative jurisdiction of St. Helena in 1938.

Antarctica

British Antarctic Territory 18 19, Britain declared its sovereignty over this area, which made Britain the first country in the world to declare its sovereignty over Antarctic territory. In 1908 and 19 17, Britain acquired part of Antarctic territory twice. 1959 formulated the Antarctic Treaty, stipulating that the land within 60 south latitude does not belong to any country, and countries with territories in other parts of Antarctica are also prohibited from emigrating here or engaging in other activities unrelated to scientific research.

Asia

In Aden 1839, the British East India Company seized the port from the Arabs. 1858, the East India Company handed over the sovereignty to the British government and became the jurisdiction of the British Indian colonial government. 1936, Aden and its inland areas became a separate colonial Aden protectorate. Aden joined the South Arab Federation in 1963, and the latter became South Yemen in 1967. 1990 after the unification of north and south Yemen, Aden remains the port city of Yemen.

Bahrain 1820, the British government signed an agreement with the Amir of Bahrain to turn it into a protectorate, and Bahrain declared its independence in 197 1.

1864, Britain occupied Bhutan's border areas through war. 19 1 1 year, Bhutan signed a treaty with Britain, leaving Bhutan's foreign policy to Britain, and maintaining autonomy in its internal affairs. 1947 After India's independence, Britain also ended its control over Bhutan.

British New Guinea established a protectorate here in 1884, which was later transferred to Australia and renamed as Papua in 1906. 1949, Papua merged with the rest of New Guinea and became Papua New Guinea independently.

Brunei 1888 Britain declared Brunei as its protectorate, which was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945, and Brunei was completely separated from British protectorate from 1983.

After three wars of 1824, 1852 and 1885, Britain occupied the whole territory of Myanmar and placed it under the administrative jurisdiction of the Indian colonial government until 1937. Japan occupied Myanmar from 1942 to 1945, and Myanmar became independent from 1948.

Ceylon is now Sri Lanka. 1796, the East India Company seized the coastal area of the island from the Netherlands, 1802, and handed it over to the British government. 18 15, Britain deposed the king of Ceylon and put the whole island of Ceylon under British rule. 1948 independence, 15 years.

1842 After the victory of the Opium War in Hong Kong, Britain acquired Hong Kong Island; 1860, Britain once again won the Kowloon Peninsula; 1898 Britain signed a lease with China to place the New Territories under the administration of Hong Kong for 99 years. 1984, Britain agreed to hand over all political power in Hong Kong to People's Republic of China (PRC) after the lease in the New Territories expired. 1997 The smooth transfer of power made Hong Kong a special administrative region of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Starting from 1609 in British India, the East India Company set up an immigration stronghold along the coast of India, and began to expand its territory inland from 1757. Most Indian States maintain autonomy in internal affairs, but they must obey the absolute authority of the East India Company. From 65438 to 0858, the British government officially took over the rule of India, and India gradually became one of the most important British colonies in the world, known as the "jewel in the crown". From 65438 to 0876, the British monarch was also awarded the title of "Emperor of India" or "Queen of India". 1947 India became independent after splitting into two countries-India and Pakistan; 1972 Bangladesh split from Pakistan again.

Iraq Britain occupied Turkey's Iraq in World War I and began to rule Iraq under the authorization of the League of Nations in 1920. Iraq became autonomous in 1922 and became independent in 1932. Britain reoccupied Iraq from 194 1 to 1945.

Kuwait Since 1899, the Emir of Kuwait has signed a series of protection treaties with Britain, losing part of its sovereignty. Kuwait became completely independent in 196 1.

Malaya is now the Malay Peninsula. From 1874 to 1930, Britain signed a series of protection treaties with several sultans in Malaya Peninsula. 1896, some states formed the Malayan Federation. From 1942 to 1945, all Malaya was occupied by Japan. 1948, Malaya formed a new federal state except Singapore, including 1896 and 1957. 1963, Malaya, Singapore (later quit), Borneo and Sarawak all formed the United States of Malaysia.

Maldives was accepted as a British protectorate in 1887 and became independent in 1965.

During the First World War in Palestine (19 18), Britain occupied the Palestinian territory originally belonging to Turkey. 1920, Britain began trusteeship, 1948, Britain gave up trusteeship. After that, there were decades of armed conflicts between Jews and Arabs. Today, most Palestinian territories are occupied by Israel.

Britain and the kingdom of Nepal fought a war. After the British army won, it sent a special representative to the Nepalese court from 18 16 to colonize Nepal indirectly. After India became independent from 1947, Nepal became independent immediately.

North Borneo is now Sabah and East Malaysia. 188 1 year, Sultans Of Brunei ceded the area to the British North Borneo Company. Since 1906, it has been directly managed by the British government. From 1942 to 1945, it was occupied by Japan. 1963 renamed Sabah and joined Malaysia.

Oman Britain has controlled Oman's prosperous trade since the beginning of the19th century. Oman officially became a British protectorate in 189 1 and became independent in 197 1.

Qatar 19 16 Britain signed a series of agreements with the rulers of Qatar, which placed Qatar under British protection and became independent in 197 1 year.

Sarawak 184 1 Sultans Of Brunei agreed to appoint an Englishman James Brooke as the governor of the region, and the territory of Sarawak continued to expand from 186 1 to 1905. From 1942 to 1945, Japan occupied the area. 1946, the British government officially replaced the Brooke family to rule Sarawak, 1963 joined Malaysia.

The Straits colonies are Malacca, Penang and Singapore today. From 65438 to 0826, these three important port cities merged into the Strait Colony, which was under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company, managed by the Indian government from 65438 to 0858, and became a separate colony from 65438 to 0867, directly managed by the British government. All three cities were occupied by Japan in World War II. Malacca and Penang joined Malaya in 1948 and became independent in 1957. Singapore, on the other hand, remains alone in the territory of the British Empire, and autonomy is only allowed in 1959. 1963 Singapore chose to join Malaysia, 1965 withdrew and declared independence.

Jordan outside Jordan today. 19 18, Britain occupied outer Jordan, which was once a part of the Jordanian province of Turkey, and it was appointed from 1920. 192 1 year, Jordan separated from Palestine, 1923, Britain allowed the establishment of the kingdom of Jordan, but it was not until 1946,

Trudeau Emirates is now the United Arab Emirates. Since 1887, Britain has signed a series of protection treaties with the local Arab rulers, 197 1 year independence.

Ahava is now in Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Britain leased the port from China government in 1898 and returned it in 1930.

Europe

Cyprus 1878, Britain signed a treaty with Turkey and gained sovereignty over Cyprus. 19 14 officially became a British colony, and 1960 was completely independent.

1704, Britain seized this military fortress from Spain. 17 13, Britain signed a treaty with Spain, officially confirming that its sovereignty belongs to Britain.

1800 Malta, the British drove away the French who occupied Malta two years ago, and 18 14 formally annexed Malta. Independent of 1964.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, that is, the British mainland, is the center of the British Empire, dealing with colonial and administrative affairs involving the Empire, and the British monarch, the head of state of the Empire, also lives here.

Ireland belonged to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland before 1922. 1949, Ireland abolished the monarchy and voluntarily withdrew from the Commonwealth, but still enjoyed all the rights of British citizens.

Pacific region

New South Wales, Australia is the earliest British colony in Australia. 1770, james cook proposed to develop the east coast of Australia. 1788, the first batch of British prisoners immigrated here to pioneer, 1855 established a responsible government in New South Wales. 1824, Queensland became the first British colony in Moreton Bay. At first, it belonged to the colonial government of New South Wales. 1859 to establish an independent responsible government. 1834, the British Parliament decided to establish a new colony in Australia. The first batch of British colonists arrived in South Australia in 1836, and a responsible government was established in South Australia in 1855. Tasmania was colonized by Europeans as early as 1803, and was first called Vandimenland, which was an administrative region under the colonial government of New South Wales. 1825 left New South Wales and became an independent British colony. 1856, responsible government was established. 1834, the British from Tasmania colonized Port Phillip again. 185 1 year, the Victorian colony was established, and the responsible government was established four years later. Western Australia was colonized from 1826, but it was not until 1890 that a responsible government was established. 190 1 year, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia merged to form the Commonwealth of Australia, and then obtained dominion status.

Today's Ellis Islands in Tuvalu. 1892, the islands were declared as its protected area by Britain; 19 16, Ellis islands and gilbert islands formed a colony; 1978, they became independent.

Gilbert islands is now Kiribati. 1892 became a British protectorate with Ellis Islands, 19 16 became a colony with Ellis Islands, and 1979 became independent.

In Fiji, missionaries and colonists began to settle in Fiji from 1835. 1874, at the request of Fiji's chief, Britain placed Fiji under its protection and became independent in 1970.

Nauru originally belonged to New Guinea, Germany. After World War I, Australia began the mandate rule until Nauru became independent in 1968.

James cook of New Zealand claimed sovereignty over the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in 1769 and 1770 respectively. 1840, Britain signed a treaty with the local Maori, and Britain began to rule New Zealand. 1856, New Zealand established a responsible government, and then obtained the status of autonomous territory.

Pitcairn Island 1790, the British warship Bunty mutinied and nine sailors fled to settle on the island. 1838, Britain incorporated it into the empire territory.

Solomon Islands has been a British protectorate since 1893. It was occupied by Japan during World War II and became independent from 1978.

Tonga 1879 Tongan rulers signed a friendly treaty with Britain, and Britain protected them from 1900, making them independent from 1970.

New Hebrides was originally a colony of Britain and France, and became independent in 1980.