By what means did the Greeks carry out overseas colonial activities, and were they powerful?

(A) the colonial movement of the ancient Greek city-states

1, reason: (1) root cause: the contradiction between man and land is outstanding.

(2) Conditions: There are many good ports and islands, the navigation industry is developed and the navy is strong.

Starting from a colonial case, the Tiela people drew lots to choose people, opened up a new world in a foreign country and carried out colonial expansion. Guide students to think: Why did ancient Greece colonize and expand?

Student: It hasn't rained in Tiela Island for seven years, and there is no grain harvest.

Teacher: Why? (Projection: Distribution Map of Major City-States in Ancient Greece)

Guide students to observe and think: What is the geographical environment of Greece? What are the outstanding features? What does it have to do with the immigration movement?

Teacher: Natural geographical environment

Taking the Aegean Sea as the center, including the Greek Peninsula, the Aegean Islands and the coastal areas of Asia Minor, constitutes the "Aegean World"; Greek Peninsula-mountainous and plain with few rivers, poor land and poor conditions for developing agriculture. The inland is blocked by mountains and the traffic is inconvenient; There are many good ports in the eastern coastal zone-the winding coast, which is conducive to the development of maritime trade. The coastal zone of Asia Minor-fertile land, winding coast, numerous fine ports and islands, with extremely superior natural conditions. Aegean islands, especially Crete, are located in the center of West Asia, North Africa and Southern Europe, with convenient maritime transportation, which is a bridge for ancient Mediterranean exchanges.

It can be said that the original purpose of colonization was only to solve the contradiction between man and land, but later the ancient Greeks were keen on colonial expansion and reached the climax of colonization from the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC. This is mainly because colonization can benefit and develop, out of the pursuit of economic interests.

2. The scope of overseas colonial movement: the Mediterranean region and the Black Sea coast.

3. Function: First, expand the underground city, solve the land problem and relieve the population pressure of the city-state.

The second is to promote the development of commodity production and overseas trade throughout Greece;

Third, the growth of industrial and commercial slave owners is conducive to the collective stability of citizens and the consolidation of the city-state system, and to the anti-aristocratic struggle of civilians and the establishment of democratic politics.

Fourth, it broadened the horizons of the Greeks, absorbed the achievements of advanced civilization from the eastern civilization and laid the foundation of their own unique civilization.

(2) the polis regime:

1, the concept and characteristics of polis:

Teacher: What is a polis? City-state refers to a form of state in Greece, generally centered on a city, including several surrounding villages. The main characteristics of the city-state are small countries and few people, and each state has long been independent and autonomous.

Teacher: Why did the polis appear in ancient Greece? Why does the polis have this feature? Guide students to consider from the perspective of geographical environment: ancient Greece was mountainous, and the terrain was easily divided into small pieces by mountains, making it difficult to form a unified country.

Even though the states have long been independent and autonomous and have equal relations, their regimes are different.

2, the city-state regime:

First, the meaning of regime: the organizational form of state power

B main features: less land and more people, and independent governance of each state.

Type C: nobility, democracy, monarch, oligarchy and tyranny.

D essence: a national organization in which citizens unite to protect their own interests and oppress slaves and foreigners.

E. Role and status: the implementation of civil politics ensures that citizens enjoy political rights; Promote the economic development of Latin America; Consolidate the city-state; Almost all modern forms of government appeared in ancient Greece at one time, which is a great contribution of Greek civilization to human political system.

What is a regime? Political power is the organizational form of state power. For example, China was centralized in ancient times, so what kinds of ancient Greek city states were there? Guide students to read and summarize: democracy, nobility, monarch, oligarchy and tyranny.

Aristocratic system is led by nobles collectively, and its power is restricted by citizens' assembly, while oligarchy system is led by a few nobles, and its power is restricted by citizens' assembly; Tyranny system, relying on force or illegal means to seize power, ignoring the citizens' assembly, often please the civilians and is conducive to the transition to democracy; The monarchy is a lifelong hereditary monarchy with exclusive power, but it retains the general assembly in form; Democracy: The people collectively enjoy sovereignty, and the citizens' assembly is the highest authority.

The early Greek city-state had a monarchy kingdom, but it was soon abandoned because it was incompatible with the interests of civilians. Basically, it adopted a democratic and aristocratic political system.

So what are the criteria for dividing the political system? It is found that all these regimes have a common feature, that is, citizens participate more or less in the autonomy of the city-state. The institution for citizens to participate in city-state autonomy is the citizens' assembly. The degree of citizens' participation in political power in the civic assembly has become the basis for dividing political power. Under different regimes in different periods, the status of the citizens' assembly is also different. Under the democratic system and the aristocratic system, the rights and status of the citizens' assembly are relatively high, which embodies the characteristics that sovereignty belongs to the people. So can we think that the ancient Greek regime was absolute democracy?

Not so, the citizens of the polis do not refer to all the people in the polis, but to the male members who have the status of "citizens" and have the right to participate in the citizens' meeting. Neither a foreigner nor a slave. Therefore, the polis is actually a national organization in which citizens unite to protect slaves and foreigners.

However, in any case, citizen politics enables citizens of the polis to enjoy full political rights and provides valuable experience for the world.

Question: The citizens of the ancient Greek city-states actively participated in the self-government of the city-states, which reflected the political democracy of ancient Greece and was in sharp contrast with our absolutism in China. So can we practice democracy in ancient times? Discuss the historical conditions that lead students to think about the emergence of western democratic politics in combination with curriculum standards. The natural geographical environment of Greece has had a certain influence on Greek civilization: economically, the commodity economy is developed, the maritime trade is developed, and the industrial and commercial class is growing day by day. Politically, the city-state system was established, and each city-state adopted an independent political system in politics. Due to the growth of the industrial and commercial class, civilians can easily win the struggle with the nobility, which embodies the characteristics of citizen democracy in the Greek political system. Externally, colonial expansion. However, in China, the agricultural economy is developed and conservative. Politically, China is a vast country, so it is impossible to practice civil democracy like ancient Greece.