Identification of Common Substances in Organic Chemistry

Unsaturated bonds, such as double bonds, can make (H+)KMnO4 solution and bromine water fade, but single carbon bond can't.

2. identify -COOH and C-OH:

Alcohol and carboxylic acid were identified by Na2CO3 solution, and the carboxylic acid reacted with Na2CO3 solution to produce bubbles.

3. Identify -COOH and C6H5-OH (i.e. phenol):

① React with sodium bicarbonate solution. It is -COOH that produces bubbles, and phenol that has no obvious phenomenon;

② React with bromine water. It is phenol that produces white precipitate (tribromophenol) immediately;

③ React with ferric chloride solution. Using the color reaction of phenol, the solution of phenol and ferric chloride appears purple.

4. Identification -CHO:

Silver mirror and bronze mirror react with newly prepared Cu(OH)2 to produce red precipitate Cu2O.

5, identify alcohol solution (or carboxylic acid) and benzene:

Using bromine water, alcohol solution (or carboxylic acid) is not layered, the upper layer is colorless, and the lower layer is red-brown benzene;

Gas (H2) is produced by the reaction of Na with alcohol solution (or carboxylic acid), and benzene is not obvious.

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Appendix:

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Organic functional groups in the reaction between (1) and (H+) potassium permanganate solution;

C-C double bond, C-C triple bond, -CHO, C6H5-OH, C6H5-CH3, R-COOH

(2) reacting with bromine water:

Unsaturated bond, R-CHO, C6H5-OH

Benzene injection must not react with bromine water.

(3) reacting with sodium bicarbonate:

R-COOH

(4) reacting with Na2CO3:

Carboxyl, C6H5-OH

(5) Reaction with sodium:

-Oh (alcohol/phenol).-Wow

(6) reacting with sodium hydroxide;

R-X, R-COOH, C6H5-OH, R-COOR (ester)

Type it out word by word, and write it briefly in some places.

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