Which original philosophy book has been translated into Chinese now?

Preface to the Chinese version of the Survey of Human Leisure Life

With the reduction of people's working hours and housework time, the importance of leisure in daily life has increased. The organizational model of modern society is changing. We should not only produce products and provide services, but also provide people with leisure opportunities to enrich their lives through leisure. With the progress of society, the meaning of leisure is also changing. At first, leisure was only regarded as a way for people to recover from intense work; Later, leisure became a means for people to pursue happiness and status; But perhaps leisure will eventually become an activity for people to pursue the meaning of life. Leisure and people's use of leisure have become an important factor, which has an impact on people's physical and mental health, social and economic system and even the determination of cultural values.

Every culture has created the concept of leisure and constantly defined it. Therefore, the leisure mode adopted by North American society cannot be used as the mode of China; Only China people can decide how to use their precious leisure time. However, the author hopes that in the process of China's modernization, when China people look at their leisure, they can take other countries as the background and let their leisure mode evolve continuously.

In most cases, one of the characteristics of a society in the early stage of industrialization is the reduction of free time, but this trend will gradually change. With the increase of free time, people must give new answers to questions about the purpose of human life. What is the value of the least restricted leisure time? This is an old problem. This question must be answered, and must be answered well.

This book tries to help readers understand the theory and research results about leisure, recreation, entertainment and fluency, hoping to help readers better understand the role of leisure in their own lives and thus clarify their values about leisure. The author would like to thank the Chinese translator of this book (please add the title) Kang Zhenghe (please add the title) Song Tian, because it is because of their hard work that the author can present the ideas in the book to friends in China; I would also like to thank Ms. Ma, the editor of Research on Dialectics of Nature, for bringing the works of leisure scholars in northern China to the people of China with her insights and unremitting efforts. The author firmly believes that her own academic research will also make an important contribution to China's leisure research.

Jeffrey C. Gaby was born at Pennsylvania State University in the spring of 2000.

Preface to the Chinese Version of Towards Freedom: A New Theory of Leisure Sociology

Towards Freedom: A New Theory of Leisure Sociology can be translated into Chinese, which is the author's honor. When the first edition of this book was published, it was the only postgraduate theoretical work in the field of leisure in the United States for more than ten years. At that time, the author's purpose in writing this book was to make a comprehensive and critical analysis of the common theories about leisure in western social sciences. I hope this book can also be beneficial to the establishment of the same major in China.

Although the subtitle of this book has the word "sociology", its research is not limited to sociological research. The first part of this book is to study leisure experience with social psychology. This part also uses an existential metaphor, which reflects the influence of contemporary European philosophy, especially French philosophy. The second part discusses the social background of leisure from two aspects: the institutional basis of social communication and leisure resources. The theme that runs through this part is the contradiction between personal experience and the meaning of leisure to individuals and the social and cultural foundation of leisure. This contradiction reflects the agency and structural relationship between individual initiative, which occupies the core position in sociological theory, and the limitations of social structure. Finally, the author puts forward the concept of "social existentialism" as a way to deal with this contradiction. In the chapter of analyzing leisure with conflict theory and critical theory, the author challenges a common concept in western society. According to this view, leisure must have positive significance and be beneficial to the health of individuals and society. This chapter discusses some viewpoints that Marxism criticizes leisure in capitalist society. Recently, I further developed this problem in an undergraduate exam (see J. Kelly &; Freisinger, 2 1st Century Leisure: current problems, Alin and Bacon, 1999). The last part of this book traces back to western classical philosophy and discusses the theme of cultural development and creativity with some metaphors.

One possibility is that these different methods or metaphors are complementary. No method is "the best", but each method has some extremely important values for leisure research. The dialectical spiral used in the book is to show that each theoretical model has advantages and limitations, and subsequent theories try to break through these limitations. This is actually a euphemism for those who think that only their own theories are valuable. Leisure is a complicated phenomenon in many aspects, which has many relativity in its cultural and historical background. Leisure is established by people through their own social and cultural activities, not a fixed and eternal concept or ideal. Based on this, a more appropriate method is to study and analyze leisure with a dynamic and dialectical theory, rather than a single theory, no matter how attractive it is.

This book was first published in 1987. From then to now, great changes have taken place in both the leisure research field and my own thoughts. If I want to revise this book now, I will add some contents. First of all, I will put more emphasis on the economic environment of leisure. Great changes have taken place in the global economic system under the condition of informationization, and the capital and power of large companies are highly concentrated. The power of capitalism and its internal contradictions are an extremely important factor affecting leisure all over the world. In the future, the trend of leisure commercialization and the bias of investment capital will be more prominent. Second, most sociological studies on leisure in the West actually use functional analysis. If I revise this book, I will make conflict theory occupy a more central position in the theoretical framework of this book. Marxism sees that capitalist society has different social strata because of people's different economic status, and their respective resources and interests are also different. Of course, we need to criticize and correct this view, but we should also apply it to a wider range. For example, leisure may be beneficial to those who have capital investment, while workers who are marginalized in the capitalist economic system will be exploited more with the expansion of "service" industries. Thirdly, according to the above analysis, I will pay more attention to social groups based on gender, race and class, and under what conditions and in what ways to resist capitalism through cultural development and cultural expression.

Although this book involves the history of some other countries, its vocabulary, metaphor and conceptual framework are completely western. But this does not mean that the author thinks that the western conceptual framework is superior to other cultures. This book is by no means intended to strengthen the residual imperialism in the cultural field. On the contrary, the author hopes that the dialogue of various theories discussed in this book can serve as a challenge to stimulate the dialogue of leisure theories in other cultures. After all, China people have deep thoughts on life and leisure, and have formed a long tradition. Today, with the great changes in China's culture and society, this book may help to inspire colleagues in China to carry forward this tradition in new ways.

For example, China's ideological tradition seems to pay more attention to the relationship between people and the integrity of life than the west, rather than separating different aspects of life like western culture. China people's leisure style doesn't seem to emphasize active activities as westerners do. We should not think that the benefits of leisure are directly proportional to the time spent on leisure and the number of leisure activities-this is an oversimplified understanding. Then, can the existential theme of this book be integrated into a leisure way beyond this simple understanding? In any culture, personal experience and social background interact with each other, but the manifestation of this interaction in China or other non-Western cultures will obviously be different from that in Western cultures.

The difficulty of translation goes far beyond figuring out the meaning of some words. Reading any translation requires readers to read from two aspects. On the one hand, it examines its meanings from the culture and language used in the original, and on the other hand, it makes these meanings well related to the language used in the translation. Therefore, the author is very grateful to the translator Zhao Ran for his excellent work in translating the Chinese version of this book. She is doing an extremely difficult job. I hope the value of this book is worth the effort. The author would also like to thank Ms. Ma, the editor-in-chief of this translation series, and other famous scholars who supported this cross-cultural project. The history and culture of China is a piece of Wang Yang. I hope this little book can become a drop of water in this ocean, so that the efforts and support of scholars will not be in vain.

John F. R kelly was born in June 2000 at the University of Illinois.

2 1 Century Leisure and Leisure Services Chinese Preface

2 1 century is a century with profound changes and great uncertainty. The conscious evolution of human beings will make the speed of change far exceed that of any previous century. 2 1 century will be the century that can best reveal the purpose of mankind.

As China continues to redefine her identity, leisure will become the most important issue she faces. Tourism, mass media, sports, culture, contact with nature, art, voluntary participation in community life, personal hobbies and other fields related to people's quality of life and physical and mental health will become more important. Besides, like other modern countries, leisure activities will play an increasingly important role in China's economic system. In the next 20 years, China is likely to become the country with the largest number of tourists in the world. The use of leisure will play an extremely important role in the physical and mental health and production efficiency of our staff, and with the aging of our population, leisure will also play an important role in people's adaptation to old age.

This book is written from a western perspective, but the author also realizes that all the important problems facing mankind today are international. Nowadays, people all over the world depend on each other to an extent unimaginable to previous generations. And this interdependence will continue to increase, so that people have to care about other people's problems. In China and many countries in the world, people have more and more free time, and the resulting problems and opportunities are cross-border and cross-cultural. Every culture is constantly constructing and reconstructing leisure, and China is also reconstructing leisure; We sincerely hope that this reconstruction will produce brilliant results.

Here, the author would like to thank the Chinese translators of this book, namely Professor Zhang Chunbo from Beijing Foreign Studies University, Dr. Chen Dingjia from China Academy of Social Sciences and Dr. Liu Fenghua from China University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. It is because of their interest, hard work and intelligence that this book can be translated. I would also like to thank my friend and colleague, Ms. Ma from China Dialectics Research Association, for her foresight in seeing the importance of leisure to people in China, thus making the Chinese version of this book available.

Jeffrey C. Gaby was born at Pennsylvania State University in the spring of 2000.

Preface to the Chinese Version of Evolution of Leisure: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives

This book is a book that discusses leisure from the perspective of history and philosophy. We are glad to know that readers in China will be able to read this book. However, we realize that this book can arouse the interest of China people, not because it is so profound, but because China is changing and developing rapidly, many of which affect the allocation of time and entertainment resources. In the past 20 years, global economic and political forces, trade policies, global financial system and multinational corporations have brought great changes to our world. Many of these changes are in the right direction, but perhaps not all of them are. China implemented the day five in 1995, which is undoubtedly a progress for millions of workers in China. For many big cities in China, there are American fast food restaurants that buy hamburgers, French fries, pizzas and fried chicken pieces. Many people, especially urban youths, have logos printed on their clothes. At most, we are contradictory. There are also many new office buildings and factories in China, many of which belong to multinational companies that have reached an agreement with the China government to operate in China. In less than ten years, many modern and unique office buildings with architectural beauty have emerged in the center of Beijing, which has greatly changed the face of Beijing. China has built many expressways, which are only part of the expanding commercial and tourism infrastructure. Thanks to these infrastructures, China can accommodate a large number of tourists. By 2020, China will become one of the two or three countries with the most tourists in the world. Leisure is of course the core element of tourism.

China can see the ideas in this book, not only because of the changes in China, but also because some scholars in China foresaw the prospect and potential of leisure several years ago. They think that the experience and theories of other countries can provide some useful reference for China, so they have made great efforts to translate this book and other foreign scholars' works into Chinese. This song was first written by Ms. Ma, a famous editor, writer and social activist. As the executive editor of this project, she devoted herself to this work with superb skills and great enthusiasm, and translated the works of these foreign scholars on leisure theory and research into Chinese. Three editors-in-chief of this series-Yu Guangyuan, a famous philosopher, social activist and former vice president of China Academy of Social Sciences; Cheng Siwei, professor of Peking University Institute of Complex Systems and former vice chairman of the National People's Congress; Gong Yuzhi, a professor at Peking University Science and Social Research Center and former Vice Minister of Education, is a very famous scholar in China, which shows that China attaches great importance to leisure and entertainment opportunities. The complicated task of translating this book was completed by Professor Cheng Sumei of Shaanxi University and Dr Ji Bin of China Renmin University. We are deeply honored that such an accomplished person is interested in our book; And they can realize the importance of leisure and its infinite potential, which makes us feel very happy.

Historically, China and western countries started to get to know each other better later, and the development of communication technology has played a certain role in promoting this understanding. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded only 50 years ago, and the fear of the further spread of Stalinism oppression capitalism in the western countries at that time led us to enter the Cold War period, which did not begin to ease until about 25 years ago. Therefore, mutual understanding between the two peoples has only recently become possible. In the past, both sides looked at each other with veils, but now the work of unveiling this veil has just begun. The two sides have never been so interested in each other since Kyle Polo came to Kublai Khan's China after a long journey. The formal relaxation of the Cold War began at 1972, when President Nixon went to China to meet with President Mao Zedong. But before that, there had been "ping-pong diplomacy"-China's national table tennis players toured the United States and held exhibition matches with American players. After the Cultural Revolution, some troupes from China toured the United States and Canada, and performed such plays as White-haired Girl, which started frequent cultural exchanges between China and the United States. Recently, artists from all over the world came to China to perform Puccini's Turandot, and as many as nine performances were performed in the Forbidden City. Last year, China and the United States played the final of the Women's World Cup. The superb competition, graceful posture and good discipline of the players from the two countries deeply attracted the American audience. Who can not be moved by the beauty and Excellence in artistic performances or works of art? Because of this, people from different cultures can always meet in theaters, concert halls, art galleries and sports fields. This once again shows that leisure activities have a core position in the human body.

Besides the changes taking place in China and the foresight of China scholars, there are other reasons why our views can be introduced to China. The world is pluralistic, and as long as we accept it, this pluralism will enrich our lives. However, we should also realize that China itself is very diverse, so some people in China, with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, will definitely be influenced by their education and their own experiences, and feel that The Evolution of Leisure is a book suitable for them. Cities like Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Macau will undoubtedly produce various lifestyles. Cities in the southern and western inland areas of China are located in mountainous areas and even desert areas, rather than plains and coasts like those in the east, so they are not well known to foreigners. But because they are relatively isolated from foreign countries, they can form some unique lifestyles. Just as people in the cities of China's western ethnic autonomous regions have different lifestyles from those in coastal cities, the rural areas of China are also a completely different world from the cities. China's diverse lifestyle sometimes makes Americans feel at a loss, but many ethnic groups and subcultures in the United States have also enriched the American lifestyle. As China is so diverse, there will undoubtedly be some people interested in our views. Translating some foreign works into Chinese will make the possibilities offered by China culture more diversified.

Translating these works helps people to understand the differences between eastern and western ideas and cultural traditions. In the United States, people pay more and more attention to religions other than Christianity, but most people still believe in Christianity. Many aspects of the author's life are influenced by Christianity. For example, the Sabbath, which was formed before Christianity and then used by Christianity, and the Protestant ethics produced in Central Europe in the16th century have great influence on us. Christianity can only say that it has a foothold in China at most; Conversely, Buddhism can only be said to have a foothold in the United States, and Confucianism and Taoism have even less influence in the United States. Traditionally, we Americans are rooted in ancient Greece and Rome. We are born skeptics and empiricists, and we want to see all the evidence. From the perspective of biological inheritance, our roots are mainly in Central Europe and Northern Europe, but the proportion of people of Asian, African and Latin American descent among us is increasing. Geographical reasons enable us to gain independence from our European ancestors, economic and resource advantages enable us to advocate individualism, and wealth makes us eager to enjoy. In a word, although western TV movies tend to dominate the world, many things about us will still arouse the curiosity of China readers.

However, our views will interest some readers in China. The most important reason is not how different we are, but that we are so similar in many ways. Although most Americans today are descended from European immigrants, the earliest Americans came from the East. About 40 thousand years ago, they came to America through the hard ice that covered the Bering Strait at that time. These earliest Americans are descendants of Beijingers who lived not far from Beijing about 400,000 years ago. Today, geneticists tell us that although human species seem extremely diverse, 99.9% of our genetic material is the same. Therefore, although we Americans think that the guiding principle of our life comes from ancient Greece, such as Aristotle's "The Doctrine of the Mean", in fact, the Doctrine of the Mean, one of the Confucian classics, can also provide us with the same principle. Some people say that great people have similar ideas to each other. This is not bad at all. People all over the world can appreciate the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu. We can understand their feelings and we will feel the same way ourselves. Deep down, we can feel the truth revealed by China's ancient books, such as the Book of Changes, The Book of Songs, The Tao Te Ching and so on. Similarly, people in China can appreciate Aristotle's Ethics and Metaphysics and Lucretius's Theory of Nature. In our American cultural tradition, there is a cold thought from the Stoic philosophy of ancient Greece, but this thought can also come from China, because the sage of China once said: In this uncertain world, a hat and a bowl of rice are enough.

However, leisure should enable us to obtain more basic living materials than "a hat and a bowl of rice". It enables us to seek meaning, purpose, beauty, friendship, happiness, peace of mind and harmony with others, thus meeting our higher-level needs. The author is very happy that our book can join the exchanges between the two peoples, because the establishment of a harmonious relationship between China and the United States ultimately depends not on the capitalist principle in Adam Smith's theory, but on what he taught us in the Theory of Moral Sentiments: human beings can live together in peace and harmony, because in the deepest part of their hearts, we all know each other's feelings.

Thomas Guggenheim Jeffrey Goadby was born in Fairfax, Virginia in February 2000.

Preface to the Chinese Version of Women's Leisure: A Feminist Perspective

As the author, we are deeply honored that this book about women's leisure can be translated into Chinese. This important issue discussed in the book has also attracted attention outside North America, which makes us very happy. We hope readers can understand that this book is written from the perspective of northern China, and some of its viewpoints will be meaningful to American society, but some of them may be unfamiliar to readers in China. Readers should notice that these ideas come from different cultures and judge for themselves to what extent they are applicable to China. But we also realize that feminism and issues related to women's leisure have attracted worldwide attention. I sincerely hope that this book can help promote the feminist movement in China and provide a foundation for improving the quality of life for all.

From a global perspective, the research field of leisure is still in the early stage of development. The fact that this book can be published in Chinese fully proves how important leisure is to the future of China. We know that societies all over the world are changing rapidly. We hope this book can make people realize that leisure should be open to everyone, including women who are often neglected. In addition, we also hope that this book can encourage China scholars to further explore the leisure view of China culture.

Although there are many cultural differences in different societies on specific issues, we believe that some principles involved in this book have certain universal significance. The research on gender and its influence on people is developing constantly, and researchers know more about different groups, which helps us to understand leisure in a broader sense. It is meaningless to simply describe gender differences. We need to take the next step, that is, find out how the lives of women and men are related to gender, find out the impact of this connection on leisure, and find out what these impacts mean to our quality of life.

Leisure plays a very important role in people's lives. The research of North American scholars shows that there are many different definitions of leisure, which are related to people's self-awareness and relationship with others. In addition, with more and more women entering the paid working population, the relationship between work (including paid work and unpaid work) and leisure is attracting more attention. The research on this issue is constantly emerging, revealing that leisure sometimes empowers women, but sometimes it also plays a role in maintaining women's traditional roles. For some women, engaging in leisure activities means that they have got rid of traditional social expectations and gained some new development opportunities.

We realize that it takes a lot of effort to translate and publish this book. Translators Liu Er and Ma Lan spent a lot of time on this book, for which we are deeply grateful. We also thank Ms. Ma for her great efforts to make this book published smoothly. Finally, we would like to thank Venture Press for its strong confidence in the issues discussed in this book, which not only published its English version, but also enabled us to introduce our views to China, so that more people can understand these views.

When the Chinese version of this book is published, we hope that women all over the world can be empowered in leisure activities and at the same time be empowered through leisure activities. In addition, I hope that the publication of this book can play a role in attracting more academic works on gender and leisure. Finally, I hope this book can enhance mutual understanding, friendship and cooperation between the people of China and North America.

I would like to extend my best wishes to our new friends in China!

It is a great honor for the author that Towards Freedom: A New Theory of Leisure Sociology can be translated into Chinese. When the first edition of this book was published, it was the only postgraduate theoretical work in the field of leisure in the United States for more than ten years. .