The story of Zhu Yuanzhang's destruction of Mongolia

The story of Zhu Yuanzhang's destruction of Mongolia

In A.D. 135 1 year, and Han took advantage of the fact that a large number of people were recruited to build the Yellow River levee, and gathered people to rebel, although Han was immediately arrested and executed. But the tide of the uprising is irreversible, and many people in the south took part in it. Liu Futong made the son of Han Emperor, captured Kaifeng Prefecture, occupied Henan as the base, and established "Song" (meaning to restore the title of Song Dynasty).

Seeing that Liu Futong was so presumptuous, the Yuan government concentrated all its efforts to surround the Song Dynasty. This has also given people in other places a great opportunity to lead the uprising. Among these people, Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and Zhu Yuanzhang are famous. Of course, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, had the last laugh. When the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, it found that its south had a stronger rival Daming!

In A.D. 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang declared the Northern Expedition after cleaning up the separatist forces in the south of the Yangtze River. Zhu Yuanzhang carefully deployed and analyzed this and consulted the generals. Zhu Yuanzhang formulated the strategy of the Northern Expedition, which was gradual and steady. The specific implementation is to send troops to win Shandong first, then fight Henan, and then lay Tongguan to prevent the Guanzhong Yuan Army from fighting back. After consolidating the above places, we will attack most of them. At that time, most of them will be an isolated city, and I'm afraid the Yuan Army can't keep it even if it has great skills.

Under the assumption of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming army immediately launched an attack on the Mongolian army. Xu Da, known as the first general of the Ming Dynasty, and Chang Yuchun, who was marching in a hurry, were the first to go out. The two of them commanded 250,000 Ming troops and went north from Jiangnan. Wherever the Ming army went, it did not commit crimes in autumn. Most people are Han Chinese, and they hate the rule of Mongolian nobles. When they saw the arrival of their national army, the people all supported them. The Northern Expeditionary Army easily captured the Jianghuai area. Xu Da left a few people guarding Huainan, then continued to lead the main force northward, and fought fiercely with the Yuan Army in Shandong. But at this time, the Mongols have lost their prestige, and the long-term enjoyment has made them forget riding and archery. Such a Mongolian, what is there to be afraid of? After more than four months of scattered resistance, the Yuan army was bombed by the Ming army to Hebei and Shandong was conquered. Xu Da sent a small number of personnel to monitor the Yuan Army and led the main force to attack Henan. At the same time of Xu Da's attack, another Ming general, Deng Yu, also led an army from Xiangyang to attack Nanyang, an important town in southern Henan, to cooperate with Xu Da's main force.

In the face of the attack of the Ming army, the strength of the Yuan army in Henan Province was obviously insufficient, and the capital cities of the Capital of Song Dynasty and Luoyang fell one after another. Yuan army hurriedly withdrew from Guanzhong and left in a hurry, even forgetting to stay in Tongguan. As a result, it also gave the Ming army a big bargain and won Tongguan without bloodshed. Zhu Yuanzhang's idea of northern expedition easily completed the first stage of the task.

On the other hand, Yuan Ting saw that the south of the Yellow River was occupied by the Ming army, and Shun Di was scared to death. At this time, most of them are already within the attack range of the Ming army, and Hebei is a vast plain, and there is no danger of defense at all. The Yuan Army in Shaanxi could not support itself. It seems that his good days are coming to an end. Although Yuan Ting sent men to fight a decisive battle between Wang Baobao and Xu Da, there was a conflict between Wang Baobao and Li Siqi, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army guarding Shaanxi. As a result, they only care about infighting. Although Wang Baobao finally defeated Li Siqi, but the northern part of Henan fell, Wang Baobao could only lead the troops back to Shanxi and hold on to Taiyuan. There is nothing I can do for most of them.

Soon, Xu Da led an army from Shandong to the north, and the Ming army followed Xu Da to attack Dadu. Except Shengfeng guarding the capital of song dynasty, he guarded Luoyang and Guo Xing guarding Tongguan. After the main force of the Ming army crossed the Yellow River, it was unstoppable all the way. Yuan troops fled along the way, and finally even Yuan Shundi escaped. Most of them won without fighting, and the Ming army occupied most of them, ending the ruling history of the Yuan Dynasty in China, and then officially entered the Daming moment.

After Shun Di fled, the Yuan army forces scattered in the Central Plains suddenly fell into a leaderless situation. Zhu Yuanzhang saw this opportunity and ordered Xu Da to attack Shanxi. Will Wang Baobao also out of the central plains. At the same time, Shengfeng and Tanghe were ordered to cross the river from Henan to Shanxi to cooperate with Xu Da's attack from the south. Wang Baobao and Xu Da fought several rounds in Shaanxi and finally lost to the Ming army. The elite of the 200,000 yuan army was wiped out, and Shanxi was also conquered. Wang Baobao returned to the Commissioner, leaving only Li Siqi and Zhang Si's troops in the Central Plains. However, both of them are very tactful. They are all Han Chinese and have no feelings for Mongolia. They don't want to work hard, baby Rainbow. So the Yuan Army in Shaanxi made a symbolic resistance and all surrendered. After Wang Baobao retreated to Gansu, he organized forces to fight back against the Ming army, but was finally defeated. Gansu and Shaanxi were conquered by the Ming army, and in the north of the Central Plains, the rule of the Yuan Dynasty came to an end completely.

The Northern Expedition of the Ming Army lasted less than a year, which was the only time in ancient China that it attacked from south to north and won a great victory. Looking at the whole battle process, first of all, Zhu Yuanzhang's correct vision laid a solid platform for the Ming army to fight. Secondly, the on-the-spot command of generals headed by Xu Da is the key to success. Yuan army is not all-rounder, but unfortunately it was born at the wrong time. Third, the fighting capacity of the Ming army is victorious and fundamental. It took the Yuan army nearly 50 years to destroy the Song Dynasty, but in less than a hundred years, it took the Ming army less than a year to drive the Mongols back to the desert. God fooled people. There is no one in the world who will never be defeated.

When the Ming army entered Dadoucheng on a large scale, Yuan Shundi, which had great scenery, could only escape to the grassland and hide in the desolate metropolis. Shun Di and his group of fools set up tents and restored the title of Dayuan. This regime is known as "Beiyuan" in the history of China. The struggle between the Ming army and the Mongols continued. The aggressive pedigree of Mongols made them unwilling to fail, and Shun Di often missed his happy days in Dadu. But as the other side, Zhu Yuanzhang didn't want to give the Mongols a good life, and a new round of contest between the Ming army and the Yuan army began.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the influence of Yuan Army was still very strong. In addition to Wang Baobao, who was defeated by Xu Da, Liaodong also had more than 200,000 people under the command of Naba, the prime minister of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. In Yunnan, there are also nearly100000 yuan troops. In addition, some small speculative countries, such as Korea and Wei Rong Er, still supported the confrontation between the Northern Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. The days of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Ming Dynasty were still very sad, but Zhu Yuanzhang was not a person who let them sleep soundly on the side of the recliner.

In A.D. 1369, the Northern Yuan Army attacked Tongzhou many times, hoping to recapture the metropolis. As a result, the move annoyed the Ming army, and Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Ming army to continue the Northern Expedition. The Yuan army didn't expect the Ming army to dare to go through the customs, and the ministries were not prepared. General Li Wenzhong easily won the business capital. Shun Di hurriedly fled again with his wife and children, this time further, Yingchang, Inner Mongolia, a completely barren grassland. The following spring, Wang Baobao, who fled to the hinterland of Gansu, gathered nearly 65,438+10,000 down archers and took the initiative to find the Ming army to fight. He was defeated by Xu Da, and all his more than 86,000 officers and men were captured. Only Wang Baobao crossed the Yellow River with his wife and children carrying a big log, and was not captured by Xu Da.

Hearing the news of Wang Baobao's fiasco, Shun Di, who was already vulnerable, was also vulnerable, and finally died in the desolate Yingchang, and did not return to his hometown until his death. Shortly after Shun Di's death, the Ming army surrounded Yingchang, and the Mongols only resisted for one day and then fell. The nobles of the Northern Yuan Dynasty were captured, and even the Ba Li thorn bought by Shun Di's grandson was seized by the Ming army and sent to the capital. Only Shun Di's son, Aithalein, knew that Li Dala ran fast, and fled to Helin with several followers to meet another unlucky Wang Baobao who was being hunted down. Wang Baobao, together with others, established Aiphthalein to replace Li Dala, and formed a new court to continue to fight against the Ming army.

Two years later, Zhu Yuanzhang misjudged the strength of Kitahara. Concentrate150,000 people, and prepare to win the first world war. Under the leadership of Ming Zai, Xu Da He, he attacked Beiyuan from three directions: east, west and middle. Among them, the East Route Army commanded by Li Wenzhong was ambushed in the process of pursuing the Yuan Army. However, Li Wenzhong and his men were very effective, so he beat back the Fujun, and then led the troops to pursue, and was once again stubbornly blocked by the North Yuan Army. The continuous operation of the Ming army also caused great losses to itself. In the end, we could only move troops back to the DPRK, and the East Route Army withdrew to Shanhaiguan. In addition, the situation of the middle route army is not good. Although Xu Da defeated Wang Baobao in the early stage, he made the big taboo of underestimating his enemy after winning, and was ambushed by Wang Baobao again. More than 10,000 people died in the Ming army. Xu Da closed the cage and fought back. Of the three armies, only the marked army was robbed, and Fu Youde led his troops to win seven out of seven wars in Gansu, and achieved certain victory. However, at the beginning of the conception, the flag army was only a sideline force, and the East and Central Army, as the main attack, suffered heavy losses. This northern expedition can basically be regarded as a failed action. After this attack, Zhu Yuanzhang became familiar with the strength of Beiyuan and suspended his active attack on Beiyuan. This gave Beiyuan a temporary respite, and the Mongols launched an attack on the Central Plains after renovation. The conflicts between the two sides at the border are constant, and it is not cheap for the Ming army to defend Beiyuan. No, Wang Baobao died of illness, and the last person who can fight in Beiyuan has left. This is undoubtedly a blow to Beiyuan, which is already in short supply of strength and talents.

Five years later, after adjustment, Xu Da, the general of the Ming army, led the army northward, repelled the attack of the Tuohuo Red Department of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and then continued to attack nonstop, capturing Yuan Jiang and Ji Nai. In the second year, Xu Da led the Ming army again and repelled the attack of Nair Buhua. In the same year, the Ming army's attack on the South Yuan Army was brewing. Fu Youde and Mu Ying led an army over Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the main force gathered in eastern Yunnan. The Yuan Army also organized a hundred thousand troops, and the two sides fought in Baimachi. The Yuan army could not resist and was completely defeated. One hundred thousand troops were all scattered, and the Ming army surrounded Kunming city. Liang Wang took Zarawal with his wife and children. Seeing that there was no way out, he committed suicide in Dianchi Lake. Yunnan was conquered by the Ming army. The territory of the Ming Dynasty was basically established.

From the Ming army occupied the capital in A.D. 1368 to the capture of Yunnan in A.D. 138 1, the relationship between Ming Dynasty and Beiyuan was always a struggle. After the defeat of conquest, Zhu Yuanzhang changed his strategic policy towards the Northern Yuan, which not only slowed down the attack on Mongolia, but also bought off the Mongols with interests and weakened their will to resist. In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang was kind to Tuogutimur, the grandson of the captured Northern Yuan Emperor, and put him back to persuade the Northern Yuan Emperor, that is, his father Ai Yi, to obey Daming. However, Timur did not follow suit when he returned. 1378, Ai You learned that Li Dala died of illness, and he succeeded to the throne as the Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, leading the army to continue the confrontation with the Ming Dynasty, which was a typical die-hard loyalty.

In this regard, Zhu Yuanzhang also lost patience. In addition, the strength of the Ming army recovered, so a new round of attack began. General aquamarine served as the commander of the Ming army, and the goal of the Ming army was directed at Naha, the prime minister of the Northern Yuan Dynasty stationed in Liaodong. Naha has more than 200,000 mercenaries and is a local tyrant in the northeast. Moreover, his Yuan Army has never been beaten and belongs to the elite troops in the Yuan Army. The goal of the Ming army this time is Liaodong, destroying Hanas and Timur's left wing in one fell swoop.

In A.D. 1387, 200,000 Ming troops went on an expedition to Liaodong. Because Liaodong is located in the alpine region, the environment is harsh. The Ming army adopted a step-by-step strategy and built cities along the way to store grain and grass, taking this as a base area. Then the army went straight to Jinshan and surrounded Naha with ice and snow. Aquamarine sent someone to negotiate with Naha to persuade him to surrender. Naha saw that the situation was unfavorable to him. Under the persuasion of the Ministry, he finally had to lead his troops to surrender. All the elites of the 200,000 yuan army were captured by the Ming army, and Liaodong was conquered by the Ming army in one fell swoop. This is the first time since Shi Jingtang betrayed sixteen states of Youyun that the Han people included Northeast China in their own territory. After Naha left, Aquamarine led the army to the west and attacked Wang Ting in the Northern Yuan Dynasty. In this regard, Beiyuan is also prepared. After packing, they fled to the north and hid in a very remote place, ready to fight back when the Ming army retreated for lack of food.

The Ming army led by aquamarine traveled long distances to find the Yuan army. Half a year later, I accidentally came to Yuhai and met Yuan Jun.. The Ming army has suffered for half a year, and at this time it has no luxury to deal with Naha. The Ming army pursued all the way and finally caught up with Wang Ting in Beiyuan in Lake Berga, Russia. After a beating, Timur got rid of guthrie unprepared, because he thought that the Ming army had retreated, and as a result, the Ming army actually got into his house. The angry Ming army attacked Beiyuan under the cover of sandstorm, and the Yuan army was defeated. Timur de guthrie rode fast, and Man Zi, the best soldier since Wang Baobao in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, was killed in the mutiny. There were heavy casualties in the Northern Yuan Dynasty. /kloc-more than 0/00 slaves and their concubines, more than 3,000 officials of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, plus more than 77,000 ordinary people and/kloc-more than 0.5 million livestock were all regarded as trophies of the Ming army. In addition, the imperial seal used by the Yuan Dynasty for more than 100 years was also seized by the Ming army. Beiyuan was completely paralyzed by this war. Timur of Tuogu Temple fled to tuul river with Prince Tianbao Nu and Prime Minister Liemen, and was also killed by Mongols.

The leader of a tribe also killed quickly. The history of Genghis Khan's golden family ruling Mongolia is over.

After the sea fishing war, Beiyuan suffered internal injuries and could no longer plunder south. But after the war, Zhu Yuanzhang did not organize a large-scale crusade. Except for Judy's two northern expeditions, the Ming army made no big moves. After all, it is difficult for a nation like Mongolia to conquer them by hard fighting. Moreover, once these Mongols return to the grassland, the harsh living environment will definitely restore their fierce quality. The grassland is so big that it is impossible for the Ming army to fight freely in such a large area, so logistics supply is a big problem. Moreover, the soldiers in the Central Plains are not used to the life on the grassland, so it is obviously impossible to settle down on the grassland for a long time. So in Zhu Yuanzhang's later years, the Ming Dynasty adopted a defensive strategy and continued to deal with the Yuan Army.

Among these strategies, the first one is to build the Great Wall. The Ming Great Wall was built from Liaodong to Jiayuguan. Wan Li is continuous, and the Inner Great Wall is built to the south of Xuanhua and Datong, which is a barrier to defend the Mongols. The second is to set up detention centers so that Mongolians can manage themselves and pay tribute to the central authorities regularly. Third, set up military towns on the border and send heavy troops to guard them. The two biggest official positions are Governor Xuanda and Governor Jiliao. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent his son to station troops along the edge of the grassland, and kept fighting against Mongolia for many years. These measures ensured the stability and prosperity of the middle and primary areas in the Ming Dynasty.