What are the glorious history of Yangzhou?

Yangzhou, as a geographical appellation, is recorded in Shangshu and other ancient books, and it is one of China's Kyushu.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Han near Yangzhou City today. In 486 BC, Wu destroyed the Han dynasty, built Seoul, opened the Han ditch, and connected the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. When wuyue is destroyed, the land will return: when Chu is destroyed, the land will return to Chu. In 3 19 BC, the state of Chu built a city on the site of Seoul, named Guangling. After Qin unified China, Guangling County was established, belonging to Jiujiang County. Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, now called Guangling and Jiangdu, has long been a vassal fief. Liu Ying, King of Wu, opened the Salt River (the predecessor of the Toarey Yang Canal), which promoted the economic development of Yangzhou and created the first prosperous period in Yangzhou history.

In order to improve and consolidate ethnic relations, in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (BC 105), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Liu Xijun, the daughter of Jiangdu King, to Wusunguo, more than 80 years before Wang Zhaojun married Xiongnu. During the Three Kingdoms period, the wars between Wei and Wu continued, and Guangling was a military stronghold in the Jianghuai area. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Guangling was transformed into "Wuhu City" after several wars. However, due to the hard development of the working people for hundreds of years, their economic status has been continuously improved in the recovery. The Northern Zhou Dynasty changed Guangling to Wu Zhou. Immigrants from Qingzhou and Yanzhou in Shandong moved south to Guangling, which promoted the economic development of Yangzhou.

In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty changed Wu Zhou to Yangzhou and set up the Governor's Office. Yang Di opened the Universiade, connecting the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River, and Yangzhou became a water transport hub, which not only facilitated transportation and irrigation, but also played an important role in promoting the economic and cultural development and order of the three major river basins of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Changhe River, laying the foundation for the unprecedented prosperity of Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. From 605 to June16, Emperor Yang Di visited Jiangdu (now Yangzhou), was killed by his subordinate Yu Wenhuaji in June18, and was buried under the stage of in the northwest of Yangzhou (later buried in Tang Lei). In 6 19, Li Zitong, a peasant uprising army, established Yangzhou as its capital, with the title of Wu. In 6 16, it was renamed Yangzhou and ruled Yangzhou from then on.

Agriculture, commerce and handicrafts were quite developed in the Tang Dynasty, and a large number of workshops and manual workshops appeared. Not only is it "rich in the world" between Jianghuai and China, but it is also the largest metropolis in the southeast of China, sometimes called "Yang Yi Er" (Yizhou is now Chengdu). Yangzhou is the transportation center of grain, grass, salt, money and iron in the north and south, and it is an important port for domestic and international transportation. He used to be the governor's department, the governor's department and the Huainan department, and he was in charge of Huainan and Jiangbei. Yangzhou has always played a key role in land and water transportation centered on Chang 'an. As an important port for foreign traffic, Yangzhou has set up a special envoy to manage friendly exchanges with foreign countries. Yangzhou had frequent contacts with Dashi (Arabia) in Tang Dynasty. There are thousands of big eaters in Yangzhou. China people such as Persia, Oita, Brahman, Kunlun, Silla, Japanese, and North Korea all became businessmen living in Yangzhou. Japan sent Tang Dynasty envoys to Yangzhou and monk Jian Zhen to Japan, which promoted the political, economic, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges between China and Japan. On the basis of absorbing predecessors' achievements, Shan Li, a native of Yangzhou, re-annotated the Selected Works and quoted a lot, which saved a lot of lost important documents for future generations. His son Li Yong is not only influential in writing and poetry, but also one of the great calligraphers after Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang. Zhang, a great poet, is one of the "four outstanding figures in Wuzhong". The poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" alone has the reputation of "the solitary poem overwhelms the whole Tang Dynasty". In 684 AD, Xu Jingye and King Robin opposed the rule of Wu Zetian in Yangzhou. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, warlords scuffled and Yangzhou was seriously damaged. Yang Xingmi established political power in Yangzhou, known as "Yang Wu" in history, and the economy recovered briefly. Soon, it fell into the destruction of war.

In 960, the Northern Song Dynasty was established. Yangzhou is the seat of the commander-in-chief and the commander-in-chief, and it is also the crossroads of water transportation. Since then, due to the benefits of salt fishing, agriculture and handicrafts have developed rapidly and commerce has further prospered. Yangzhou has once again become the economic and cultural center of southeast China, almost as famous as Kaifeng, the capital. The annual commercial tax revenue was about 80,000 yuan, ranking third in the country. In A.D. 1 127, Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong, took Yangzhou as his palace for one year in the process of moving the capital, which further promoted the prosperity of Yangzhou. 1275-1276, Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai led an unyielding struggle with the people of Yangzhou. Unfortunately, they died, leaving only a few thousand people in Yangzhou. 100 years, Yangzhou has been a battlefield for resisting gold and yuan. Han Shizhong, Liu Qi, Yue Fei and other famous Southern Song Dynasty players fought bloody battles in this area. The war has caused serious damage to the economy and society, but under the relatively stable situation, Yangzhou's economy has been continuously restored and developed. Culturally, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Qin Guan, Jiang Kui, Wang Ling, etc. left a large number of masterpieces handed down from generation to generation in Yangzhou. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yangzhou's economic development accelerated. More and more foreigners come to Yangzhou for business, missionary work, politics and settlement, among which Persians and Arabs are still the most.

By the Yuan Dynasty, the Yangzhou section of the Canal had undergone several renovations, basically forming today's trend, restoring the once interrupted grain transportation, and Yangzhou prospered rapidly again. In the Ming Dynasty, with the development of commodity economy, the seeds of capitalist relations of production were born. Yangzhou's business is mainly the monopoly of Huaibei salt industry and the trade of goods between North and South. The income from salt tax is almost equal to that from grain tax. Commerce expanded beyond the old city. The lacquerware, jade articles, bronzes, bamboo and wood utensils, embroidery and cosmetics produced by hand workshops have reached a fairly high level. In order to prevent the Japanese invaders from invading again, a new town was built in Yangzhou in 1556, and a number of zaju and novelists such as Sui appeared in culture. In the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the peasant uprising led by Zhang Shicheng lasted for six years. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the Qing soldiers from going south, Shi Kefa, the governor of Nanming, led his troops to stick to the isolated city, preferring death to surrender, showing unyielding national integrity. After the city fell, the Qing army slaughtered the city 10 day, and hundreds of thousands of people died.

Kangxi and Qianlong visited Yangzhou many times in Qing Dynasty, which made Yangzhou prosperous. The urban population exceeds 500,000. It was one of the largest cities in the world with a population of 65,438+00 and over 500,000. At that time, Yangzhou was a transportation hub, rich in salt and fishing, and salt tax had a great relationship with the fiscal revenue of the Qing government. Businessmen from all over the world have increased, and they have built guild halls in Yangzhou, each with its own business scope and local characteristics. At the same time, there is also a conference ticket-point redemption. Culturally, some salt merchants made friends with literati, loved collecting books, established official schools and county schools, and restored places of interest, which made certain contributions to the cultural development of Yangzhou. During this period, there appeared the Yangzhou School of Painting represented by Jin Nong, Li, Gao Xiang, Zheng Xie and Ruan Yuan, Ren and Wang. Yangzhou opera has a long history and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. 1790, in order to celebrate the eightieth birthday of Qianlong, Sanqing Class, with Gaoying Gaolangting in Yangzhou as the class leader, performed in Beijing, which, together with other operas, had an important influence on the formation and development of Peking Opera. Yangzhou's storytelling, Qingqu, Yangju, puppets, jade carvings, lacquerware, Yangzhou bonsai and Huaiyang cuisine all formed their own characteristics in the Qing Dynasty. After the founding of New China, the ancient city of Yangzhou was rejuvenated. 1982, Yangzhou was first announced by the State Council as one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China.

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Slender West Lake

Slender West Lake, formerly known as Baojian River, is a ideal city and a waterway leading to the ancient canal. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has been artificially excavated with the change of the city site. The river twists and turns, and it is beautiful when it is exhibited and collected. Baoan River was renamed Slender West Lake in Qianlong period. At that time, a poet named Wang Ling wrote a poem about Baohe in Yangzhou: "The weeping willows kept picking up weeds, and the wild tooth Hongqiao painted a picture. It is also a pot selling gold, so it should be called Slender West Lake. " Since then, the name Slender West Lake has become famous all over the world. "There are six out of thirty West Lakes in the world", and Yangzhou is the only one named after "Slender West Lake".

The beautiful scenery of Slender West Lake has always been what people yearn for. Liu Daguan, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Hangzhou wins in the lakes and mountains, Suzhou wins in the city, and Yangzhou wins in the garden pavilion." Shen Fu, another Qing Dynasty man, praised in Six Chapters of a Floating Life: "Fantasy embellishes nature, that is, Yaochi in Yuen Long and Yuyu in Qionglou. I dare not forgive this. Its beauty lies in the combination of more than ten gardens and pavilions, which are connected with mountains and have the same momentum. " Historically, cultural celebrities such as Li Bai, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, Du Mu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Pu Songling, Kong, Wu, Yu Dafu and Zhu Ziqing all left deep or shallow footprints and numerous well-known chapters here. Numerous famous sentences such as "Fireworks descend in Yangzhou in March", "Gardens are mostly houses, chariots and horses are few boats", "On the moonlit night of the Twenty-four Bridges, where can a jade man teach the flute", "Pearl curtains roll ten miles in the spring breeze" and "Qingyang Pavilion is Yangzhou" have been passed down through the ages, adding dazzling colors to Slender West Lake.

Slender West Lake Scenic Area has become a famous tourist attraction with its long history, rich cultural landscape and beautiful and elegant natural charm.

Tang Cheng site

As a famous historical and cultural city, Yangzhou has a long history. The wall built in the Tang Dynasty is a witness. It seems to tell people about Yangzhou's thousand-year history and its past. ......

Yangzhou has a city, which began at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period 2400 years ago. After Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui and Tang Dynasties, although the city wall was upgraded and abolished, the city site remained unchanged. Meng Xi's Supplementary Notes: "Yangzhou flourished in the Tang Dynasty. The old city is fifteen miles north, one hundred and ten steps south, and seven miles and thirty steps east and west. " In the Five Dynasties, a small town was built in the southeast corner of Yacheng. In the Song Dynasty, another big city was built, Baojou City, which was built at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to resist the Yuan soldiers. With the demise of the Song Dynasty, Baojou City was razed to the ground, leaving only the dilapidated ancient city of the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the old city and the new city were built in the southwest and southeast of Song Dacheng respectively.

In the early days of liberation, all the city walls were demolished. Now, on the Shugang, looking north and south, you can still clearly see the long and narrow highlands and the intermittent old traces of the ancient city walls. During the period of 1978, Nanjing Museum and Yangzhou Museum investigated and excavated the Tangya City, found the ruins of the city wall and the city gate, and preliminarily found out the scale of the Tang Cheng site, which was a great contribution to the study of Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty and aroused great interest of Chinese and foreign archaeologists.

Song Cheng site of Emperor Yangdi in Yangzhou has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit and has become a tourist attraction.

Tickets: 10 yuan

Address:No. Dongfeng 1, Shugang, Pingshantang, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Postal code: 225000

Tel: 05 14-7340843

Transportation: 1, No.22 bus.

temple of daming

Located on the top of Shugang Mountain, 2 kilometers northwest of Yangzhou City. It was built in Liu Song and Daming (457-464), so it is called daming temple.

In the Sui Dynasty, Yin Si was located in the west of the city, also known as the West Temple. In the first year of Sui Renshou (60 1), the Qiling Pagoda in the temple was 9 stories high, so it was also called Qiling Temple. In the first year of Tianbao (742), monk Jian Zhen taught law in a temple. Ten years later, he went to Japan to preach. In the Northern Song Dynasty (1041-l048), Ouyang Xiu was from the west side of Jianping Mountain Hall, the chief of Yangzhou. From the end of Yuan Dynasty to the end of Ming Dynasty, daming temple became a barren mountain after several changes. During the reign of Chengshun in the Ming Dynasty (1457— 1464), the monks Fuzhi and Cangming rebuilt and changed their names to daming temple. During the Wanli period (157— 1620), the county magistrate Wu Xiu built this temple again. During the Chongzhen period (1628— 1644), Yang Ren, an imperial envoy who patrolled tanks, was willing to rebuild daming temple. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it was officially renamed "Qiling Temple" because it was taboo to use the word "Daming". In the 30th year of Qianlong (1765), Emperor Qianlong visited Yangzhou, and the Imperial Book was renamed as "Fajing Temple", commonly known as "Pingshan Temple", which was one of the eight famous temples in Yangzhou at that time. Xianfeng Temple was destroyed by fire. In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1872), Yanyun rebuilt the Square Wave Hall and the Sengwu Hall. After Guangxu, the temple was in disrepair, and monks and nuns raised it and built the Tianwang Temple. In the Republic of China 1 1 year (192 1), Japanese Gaozhou Taisuke set up Huaibei Audit Office in Yangzhou, and verified that Fajing Temple was an ancient daming temple. During the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen was invited to Japan to preach Buddhism, because he asked a doctor of Japanese literature to write an epitaph, which was in Xerox Temple in Gaozhou. 1934, Yi Wang Maoru rebuilt the temple. 1In August, 967, Jiangsu Provincial People's Committee announced daming temple as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. 1963 10 month; To commemorate the 200th anniversary of the death of master Jian Zhen/KLOC-0, Jian Zhen Memorial Hall was built in the temple. Before the Cultural Revolution, temples were reserved. During the Cultural Revolution, temples were attacked and monks were driven out of the temples. However, the Buddha statues and cultural relics in the temple were protected by the state, and were spared from being destroyed, and then handed over to the Garden Management Office for management. 1973165438+10, Jian Zhen memorial hall was completed, and the temple site was changed to Pingshan park. In order to welcome the "China Exhibition of Japanese Treasures and Monks", the temple was renovated and the "Fajing Temple" was renamed as "daming temple". 1On April 4th, 980, the dry lacquer statue of the monk Krabi, which was molded by disciples before his death, arrived in daming temple under the escort of the Japanese Tang Temple elder Morimoto Takashi, and was warmly welcomed by Yangzhou citizens. The exhibition lasted for 7 days, and 100 monks held a grand ceremony. As many as/kloc-0.7 million foreign guests and people from all over the country came to visit and pay their respects. 1980, daming temple was handed over to the religious department for management. 1982, in March, the people's government of Jiangsu province re-announced the temple as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. In the same year, the State Council listed daming temple as a key open temple in Han areas, and daming temple and its scenic spots such as Shugang and Slender West Lake were listed as national "Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Area".

In front of the gate of this ancient temple, there is an ancient and elegant archway with four pillars and three towers, with a canopy at the top, four seal characters of "Qiling Site" engraved on the middle gate, and a plaque of "Fengle Famous Area" on the back. There are a pair of stone lions on both sides of the temple gate, which are relics of Yangzhou Palace in Yuan Dynasty. On the east wall of the Temple Gate, there are five characters "the first scene of Huaidong", written by Jiang Heng, a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, according to the poem "If you want to visit Qin Shaoyou, you must first visit the first scene of Huaidong". The entrance to the mountain gate is the King's Temple, and Maitreya smiles at people. On the back, the patron saint Wei Tuo and four donkey kong are on both sides. Out of the temple is a tunnel with towering old trees and heavy shadows on both sides. There are two Baoding statues in the center of the corridor, with the East and Westinghouse on both sides of the South Island, the "Artisan's Aoe" in the East Courtyard, the gate of Pingyuan Building, the reception place for daming temple, and the living area for monks outside. In front of the west courtyard is the "Old Fairy Hall", and the entrance of the people is Pingshan Hall. This tunnel leads directly to the Heroes Hall. The main hall is three rooms wide, with cloisters, double eaves and mountain corridors. Solemn and majestic, right in the middle of three giant buddhas. Sitting in the middle of the lotus platform is Sakyamuni Buddha, the pharmacist Buddha on the left and Amitabha Buddha on the right. Guarding eighteen arhats on both sides. Behind the altar is the relief group of "Island Guanyin", with Guanyin pedaling. There are 106 statues in the whole picture.

In the main hall, the memorial building is solemn and solemn, filled with cigarettes, and Jian Zhen's deeds are displayed through the East Gallery, opposite the Jian Zhen Memorial Hall. Ouyang Temple, Gulintang and Xiyuan are all places of interest in Yangzhou. The East Garden on the right side of the main hall is a "classic building" rebuilt by 1986, with a width of five rooms. Single-eaved hard mountain, this building was demolished by Qishulou of Fuyuan Temple, one of the eight famous temples in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, and converted into Wushului, which is spacious and surrounded by walls, elegant and quiet, including the living area of monks. The whole temple is integrated with the garden, which is one of the typical temple gardens in China.

Dahongqiao

Hundreds of steps to the west of Xinbeimen, Yangzhou, you will see a round arch stone bridge with white stone railings, which crosses the lake and leads to Slender West Lake Park. This is the famous "Hongqiao", also known as "Dahongqiao".

Built in the late Ming Dynasty, it was originally a wooden bridge. Because it is surrounded by red pillars, it is called "Red Bridge". The beautiful scenery of Hongqiao has attracted many poets and scribes to come here to compose poems and form associations. During the reign of Shunzhi, Wang Tuzhen, who came to Yangzhou as an official, once mingled with Yangzhou celebrities and sang a special song, leaving many well-known poems, one of which is: "The red bridge flies, the nine-bend railing is red." After painting the bridge in the afternoon, Yi Xiang's figure hurried by. "After Wang Tuzhen, Kong and Lu, the authors of Peach Blossom Fan, also served in Hongqiao. Lu once wrote four seven-character poems, more than 6,000 rhyming poems and more than 300 volumes of poems, which was a great sight. Due to the advocacy of literati, Hongqiao is famous all over the world and has become a place people yearn for.

In the first year of Qianlong (1736), the wooden bridge was transformed into a stone bridge; 15 years later, the pavilion was built on the bridge, and the "Red Bridge" was changed to "Hongqiao". Emperor Qianlong was lucky enough to visit Yangzhou. He once praised the scenery of Hongqiao in his poems: "The green waves drink the spring water and the rainbow, and the brocade indexes the mirror, which is really in the horizontal painting, and Pingshan sends the spring breeze to face", which was also said in the "Dream Fragrant Words" at that time; "Yangzhou is good, the first is Hongqiao, the willow green is three feet of rain, the cherry red is broken, and the blue is everywhere." In addition to many poems, there are also many masters in painting, such as Hongqiao Range Rover, Hongqiao Spring Plate and Hongqiao Moon Map.

Today 1973 Rebuild Hongqiao. The bridge has changed from one hole to three holes. The bridge deck is widened and the bridge body is lengthened. The bridge deck was chiseled in the Song Dynasty and paved with granite streets. Its shape is simple and more spectacular than the old bridge. Exquisite workmanship, surrounded by lines, is the main channel for people to enter the scenic spot of Slender West Lake.