A probe into the origin of song surname

The surname of Song originated from the surname of Zi. Zhou Wuwang died, Wu Geng made an insurrection, and Qi Weiwang ordered the Duke of Zhou to punish him, and then set up his son in the Song Dynasty. Later generations took the country as their surname and used it in the Song Dynasty. The capital of the ancient Song Dynasty is in Shangqiu, Henan Province today.

The surname of Song traced back to Shangqiu.

There are some places that frequently appear in heavy history books and are wrapped in thousands of years of historical glory, which makes people feel far away. Shangqiu is my first impression.

This is a place known as the birthplace of surname culture. Visiting the source of the surname Song gave me the honor to set foot on this famous historical and cultural city.

The car started from Zhengzhou, carrying me and my friends from Song Society in Shangqiu on the expressway, as if to pull people back to the distant Western Zhou Dynasty.

"Historical Records" Volume III: "The deed is Zishi, and later it was enfeoffed. The country is the surname, including Yin, Lai, Song, Kong Tong, Zhi, and so on." "Yuan He's Compilation" also said: "Song, the surname of the son. Wei Ziqi, the eldest son of Yin Yi, was sealed in the Song Dynasty ... Later generations took the country as their surname. "

About the origin of the Song family, besides many historical records, the genealogy of the Song family is described in detail. Shangqiu's Genealogy of the Ancient Song Dynasty records: "Since the Zhou Dynasty, Wei Zi has served as the Song Dynasty, worshiped the Shang Dynasty, took the public as the title, and established the Song Dynasty with the country as the surname ..." It can be seen that the surname of the Song Dynasty was separated from the surname of the son, and Wei Zi, the founding monarch of the Song Dynasty, was the ancestor of the Song Dynasty.

Regarding the ancient Song kingdom mentioned in Historical Records and Song Family Genealogy, Ci Hai contains: "Song, the name of the ancient country, the surname of the son. The founding monarch was Wei's younger brother Zhou. After the Duke of Zhou put down the rebellion in Wu Geng in the eleventh century BC, he enfeoffed the surrounding area of the ancient capital of Shang to Wei Zijian Shangqiu (now Shangqiu County, Henan Province). "

Weizi is the ancestor of the Song family.

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Song surname is the 22nd surname in China, especially in Shandong province. The population surnamed Song accounts for about 0.8 1% of the contemporary population, that is, at least 8 1 person in China has a surname of Song, with a total population of about 10000.

China Personal Names Dictionary has collected 290 celebrities in Song Dynasty, accounting for 0.64% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 27th among celebrity surnames. Song, a famous writer, accounts for 0.7% of the total number of writers in China, ranking 30th. Song's famous doctors accounted for 0.44% of the total number of doctors in China, ranking 50th.

China's Song family has a long history, and there are many famous people in the history books. The main figures of the Song surname in history are: Song Yu, a poet of Chu in the Warring States Period; Chang Song, a strong Wuhou in the Western Han Dynasty; Song Jing, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty; Song Qi, younger brother, Song, writer and philologist; Painter Song Di; Song Jiang, leader of peasant army; Song Ci, a famous forensic doctor in Southern Song Dynasty; Song Lian, a scholar in Ming Dynasty; Song, a poet and scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Song Xiangfeng, a representative of the reformists, the president of the Republic of China, the democratic revolutionary Song, the honorary chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the general Song.

The Origin and Evolution of the Song Surname

There are two main sources of Song surnames in Han nationality: sub surnames and foreign surnames.

The first branch comes from the surname. In the late Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding, Shang Zhouwang, established his son Song Yu, and his fief was in the north of Zhao County, Hebei Province, which is now the Earl Hou Guo. At the same time, it destroyed the Song State with the same surname. In Zhou Chengwang, after Zhou Gongdan put down the rebellion of the Yin Emperor Wu Geng and the Three Supervisors, he took the son of Wei as the Duke of Song, sealed the land of the ancient Song kingdom and served the merchants. Wei Ziqi, the eldest son of Di Yi and the younger brother of Shang Zhouwang, made great contributions to pacify the Wu Geng and Sanjian Rebellion in Yin Dynasty. After Ding, the son of Song Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, Song moved to Shangqiu, the hometown of Shang Tang. By the time we arrived in Song Xianggong, the State of Song had become the leader of the world's governors and one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. When it was time to mourn the Duke of Song, the kingdom of Song declined and moved eastward to Pengcheng, now Xuzhou, Jiangsu. By 286 BC, the State of Qi destroyed the Song Dynasty, and the descendants took the State as their surname. Since Wu Ding, the Shang king, sealed the Song Dynasty, the history of the son of the Song surname has been at least 3,200 years, and it has been widely used for nearly 2,300 years since the national subjugation.

The second branch comes from changing the surname of a foreign nationality. The pedigree of the Song surname has always been relatively simple, and it was not until the Five Dynasties that foreign genes began to flow in, that is, the Song surname was born in Chenzhou, Yuanling, Xiangxi in the Five Dynasties, the Song surname was born in Tangut, Xixia, northwest China in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Song surname of Manchu Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty. All three branches of the Song surname come from ethnic minorities. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the continuous joining and assimilation of foreign nationalities, the Song family has become huge.

The Distribution and Migration of Song Surnames in History

During the Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, the Song family has been active in northern areas such as Hebei, Henan and Shandong. During the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname of Song once spread in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Song family had been scattered to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Fujian, especially in Sheng Xing, Shaanxi. In the early Qing dynasty, he entered Taiwan and went to the province.

During the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), there were about 880,000 people surnamed Song, accounting for 1. 1% of the national population, ranking 16. Shaanxi is the largest province with the surname of Song, accounting for 19.4% of the total population of Song in China and 4% of the total population of Shaanxi. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi, Hebei, Sichuan and Henan, and the Song surname in these four provinces accounts for 67% of the total population of the Song surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Zhejiang and Shandong, and the Song surname in these three provinces is concentrated in 16%. Qinchuan, Hebei and Henan are two centers in China, among which the population of Song mainly lived in the north.

During the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), there were about 540,000 Song surnames, accounting for 0.57% of the national population, and it was the 37th surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate was 20%, and the population growth of the Song surname was negative. In the past 600 years, the population of the surname Song has decreased by 330,000, making it the most populous surname among the common surnames in China. In the face of war and massacre, the people who suffer should be the people whose main force is in the north, and the surname of Song is the surname of the northern region, and the natural loss is the heaviest. Shandong is the largest province of Song surname, accounting for 17. 1% of the total population of Song surname. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangxi (15.3%) and Zhejiang (13.5%), and the Song surnames in these three provinces account for about 46% of the total population of Song surnames. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangsu and Hebei, and the Song surname in these three provinces is concentrated by 25%. During the 600-odd years of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Song surnames changed greatly. Its population mainly moves from north to east, southeast and south. Surnames in the Southern Song Dynasty have made great progress in these 600 years. Shandong, Hebei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu have re-formed two major Song population gathering areas.

The population of contemporary Song surname has reached 9.72 million, which is the 22nd largest surname in China, accounting for about 0.8 1% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of the Song surname has soared from 540,000 to nearly 9.72 million, nearly 18 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million, and the contemporary population was 65.438+0.2 billion, an increase of 654.38+0.3 times. The population growth rate of Song surname is higher than that of the whole country, and the population growth rate of Song surname is "V" during 1 000. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Sichuan, Henan and Hebei provinces, accounting for about 44% of the total population of the Song family. Secondly, it is distributed in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei, and these four provinces are concentrated by 24%. Shandong is the largest province with the surname of Song, accounting for 1.5% of the total population. Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang have formed three regions with a high proportion of Song surnames. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of population movement of the Song surname are quite different from those of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the migration from the east to Central China and North China is greater than that from the north to the south and east, and the migration to the southwest and northeast has become an important direction of flow.

Distribution frequency of contemporary Song surnames

The areas with the highest population density per unit area of Song surname are eastern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Dalian, Liaoning and Chengdu, Sichuan. The population of Song surname per square kilometer has reached more than 3.3, and in some areas it has reached more than 7. The schematic diagram of the distribution density of Song surname (see color map 5.2.4A) shows that the area with the highest density (more than 3.3 people/square kilometer) accounts for 4.9% of the national territory, and the population of Song surname is about 2 1.4 million; The area of 2.2-3.3 people per square kilometer accounts for 9.8% of the national territory, and the population of the Song family is about 2.49 million. 1. 1-2.2 people /km2 accounts for 24.3% of the national territory, and the population of the Song family is about 3.56 million. 0. 1- 1. 1 person/square kilometer accounts for 40% of the land area, and the population of the Song family is about 1.46 million; The area of less than 0. 1 person per square kilometer accounts for 2 1% of the land area, and the population of Song surname is about 70,000.

Song surnames are widely distributed, but they are not balanced. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the surname Song in the crowd (see color map 5.2.4B) shows that the surname Song is one of the more common surnames in North China, Sichuan and Northeast China. In eastern Shandong, Heilongjiang and northeastern Jilin, the surname Song generally accounts for the highest proportion of the local population, which is above 1.4%, and some of them reach more than 2.5%, and its coverage area accounts for about 5.6% of the total area of the country. The frequency of Song surnames in western Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Sichuan, Liaoning, western Jilin and central and eastern Inner Mongolia is 0.7%- 1.4%, covering about 28% of the country's total area. The frequency of Song surname in Yunnan, northern Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, northern Hunan, southern Hubei, Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian, most of Zhejiang, southeastern Taiwan Province Province and eastern Qinghai is between 0.35% and 0.7%, and its coverage area accounts for about19.4% of the national total area. In other areas, the frequency of Song surname is less than 0.35%, and its coverage area accounts for about 47% of the total area of the country, of which the frequency is less than 0. 1%, accounting for 28%.

Blood group distribution characteristics

The blood type distribution of the population named Song is: O type 3.05 million, accounting for 31.3%; Type A is 2.76 million, accounting for 28.4%; Type B 2.97 million, accounting for 30.6%; Type AB is 940,000, accounting for 9.7%. The total population of Song surname is 9.72 million.

Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southeastern Hebei, Chengdu, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, most of Liaoning, and Jilin are common areas of the Song surname, accounting for about 14.7% of the land area. The population of the Song surname is 4.63 million, accounting for about 47.6% of the national population. Type o 1.42 million, type a1.30 million, type b 1.44 million, and type AB 470,000.

Most of North China, other parts of Sichuan, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia regions account for about 24.3% of the country's land area, and there are 3.56 million people surnamed Song, accounting for about 36.6% of the total population of Song. Type o 1 1.2 million, type a 1.02 million, type b 1.09 million, and type AB 330,000.

Other areas are areas where the Song surname is less distributed, accounting for about 6 1% of the land area, and the Song surname is 1.53 million, accounting for about 1.5.8% of the total population of the Song surname. Type o 5 1000, type a 440000, type b 440000, type AB 14000.