An overview of the four major business gangs in ancient China.

The four major business groups in ancient China: Shanxi merchants, Huizhou merchants, Zhejiang merchants and Guangdong merchants.

At the same time, the development of businessmen and commerce also impacted the traditional feudal social structure of Ming Dynasty to some extent, although this impact only broke the old hierarchical boundaries at best. All this has more or less brought a little bud of modernization to China society. However, the merchants in Ming dynasty could not be the opposing force of feudal system. Their political success is often manifested in the combination of government and business, and their economic success is often used to buy land and houses. Big businessmen in the Ming Dynasty were often big landlords at the same time. Moreover, the merchant gangs in Ming Dynasty also had prominent feudal characteristics. For example, the feudal clan forces had a very important influence on the merchant gangs, which made it impossible for the merchant gangs to fundamentally become a group independent of the feudal regime. Shanxi merchants usually refer to Shanxi merchants in the five hundred years of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shanxi businessmen are engaged in salt industry, banking and other businesses, especially banks. Shanxi merchants also left rich architectural heritages for China, such as the famous Qiao Family Courtyard, Changjia Manor and Cao Family Sanduo Hall. Huizhou merchants Huizhou merchants are the general name of merchants or merchant groups in the old Huizhou government. Also known as "Xin 'an Businessman", commonly known as "Hui Gang". Huizhou merchants came into being in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, grew up in the Tang and Song Dynasties, flourished in the Ming Dynasty and declined in the late Qing Dynasty. The embryonic form of Chaozhou merchants began to appear after the immigrants from the Central Plains successively entered Chaoshan through Putian, and then continued to advance to Nanyang because of the small land and large population, forming a world-class pirate group in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 1850 Before and after the Opium War, Chaozhou merchants helped the Qing Dynasty to clear the Taiping Army. Therefore, it was granted the privilege of opium monopoly. At the end of 19, it made great strides in modern industry, occupying half of the modern banking industry in China and Nanyang. From 19 12 to 1926, chaozhou people has opened 33 banks. 19 16, Chaozhou businessmen Zheng peizhi and Guo zibin jointly founded Hongyu yarn factory, and two years later, they founded Hongzhang. 192 1 year, a businessman surnamed Chen founded Weitong cotton mill with 1200000 silver and an armored ship. For example, on 1920, Liu Jieshi founded Tonganxiang, dealing in petroleum, chemical raw materials, cotton textiles and gauze. Emerged, Chen Cifu, Zheng Wulou, Guo Zibin, Chen, Xie Yichu and other Chinese-level richest people. There are also Li Ka-shing, Ma, Huang Guangyu and other top billionaires in China. As the saying goes, there is no market without peace, and the business leaders of Allah (I) Ningbo people are active. Whether thousands of miles away or thousands of miles away, as long as there is a market, there are Ningbo people.

In the last century, there were ten business gangs in China, among which "Ningbo Gang" was a strong force. 19 at the end of the 20th century, someone did a survey. Among the immigrants living in Shanghai, Cantonese and Ningbo, Zhejiang are the most. Among these influential business people, Guangdong Gang accounts for 10%, other gangs account for 20%, and Ningbo Gang accounts for 70%! Ningbo Gang has not only influenced the progress of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the fields of industry, commerce and finance, but also it is no exaggeration to influence the progress of industry, commerce and finance in China.

What kind of "regional group" is called "Ningbo Gang"? Although the dust of the years has forgotten too many historical details, there is still a figure that can make people think deeply for a long time. 1920, there were 680,000 China people in the Shanghai Concession, including 400,000 Ningbo people. With Shanghai as the largest distribution center, Ningbo people and Ningbo Gang, who are used to the sea breeze since childhood, have completed the transformation from traditional commerce to modern commerce with the shrewd opening and closing of businessmen without losing the moral integrity of literati, and truly stood out in the modern economic stage of China.