Video of human migration to Venus

In fact, the study of Mars in the United States began very early. As early as 1965, the United States successfully launched a probe to fly over Mars and successfully sent a close-up photo of Mars back to Earth.

With the passage of time, people's understanding of Mars is getting deeper and deeper, and some people even begin to suggest that an exploration base be established on Mars, so that humans can immigrate to Mars on a small scale.

In most people's plans, it seems a good choice to make Mars the second home for mankind. Of course, the environment on Mars shows that human life is not easy. The temperature of Mars is much lower than that of the Earth, and its gravity is only 38% of that of the Earth. The magnetic field of Mars is too small to protect life on the surface of Mars. 95% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, and the oxygen necessary for life only accounts for 0.4%.

If you want to immigrate to Mars, you can only rebuild it on a large scale, which is another problem. Since the environment is very bad, why not explore Venus?

After all, the minimum distance from Venus to the Earth can reach 40 million kilometers, while the nearest distance from Mars to the Earth is 54 million kilometers.

So, since they are all immigrants after transformation, why not transform Venus, a closer planet, to make it easier for us to transport goods.

In fact, people's expectations of Venus are very high at first, because Venus is not only closer to the earth, but also very similar in all aspects, so similar that it is called the twin brother of the earth.

The diameter of Venus is basically the same as that of the earth. Its diameter is 12092 km, and the diameter of the earth is 12742 km, with a difference of only 650 km.

The mass of Venus is similar to that of the Earth, which is 865,438+0.5% of that of the Earth, so the gravity on Venus will be lighter than that of the Earth. The acceleration of free falling objects on Venus can reach 8.87 meters per second, and on Earth it is 9.807 meters per second, but there is little difference in gravity. Like Mars, its gravity is only 3.72 1 m per second, which is only about one third of that of the earth.

In the last century, humans can only observe Venus from the surface of the earth, and can only roughly calculate these two parameters: gravity and size. It's amazing, it's close, it looks very similar, and the environment is very similar, so scientists think that since life can appear on the earth, it's very likely that life will also appear on this twin planet.

As a result, people have come up with various methods to study Venus, but just observing it on the ground can't get much information about Venus.

Since the Soviet Union sent the first artificial satellite into low-earth orbit, scientists have finally found the dawn of hope for studying Venus. Humans have proved their ability to create the universe. Then as long as the orbit and long-distance communication ability are calculated, humans can go directly to Venus.

Of course, all space exploration will always be explored by unmanned detectors first, and then people will be sent there in some way. After all, life is a matter of life. At that time, the Soviet Union and the United States were in the stage of space competition, and both superpowers had to spend money on space exploration, and the budget was unlimited.

So at that time, even though technology could not guarantee the success rate of detecting planets from a distance, it was a miracle to make a pair of detectors.

The Soviet Union invested a lot of money in space exploration projects. Since the Cold War in 1960s, the Soviet Union has made a multi-route space exploration plan, which is carried out simultaneously in multiple directions. When the Soviet Union successfully won the title of the world's first man-made spaceship flying out of the universe and the world's first astronaut, they immediately launched the Venus exploration program.

So far, the most in-depth exploration of Venus is the former Soviet Union. From 1960s to 1990s, the former Soviet Union launched 29 probes. At that time, the United States, which was fiercely competitive with the Soviet Union, focused on the moon and Mars, while the spacecraft that explored Venus only launched seven times in the same period.

Because the exploration mode at that time was to make great efforts to create miracles and exchange life and money for the speed of progress, of the 29 Venus probes launched by the Soviet Union, 10 failed to launch, and four spacecraft failed, only 15 successfully arrived and collected data, with a success rate of only 5 1.72%.

Although the success rate is not high, the strategy of buying time with a lot of money is still very effective. In the successful launch of 15, people learned more and more about Venus. Unexpectedly, the more they learn, the more chilling they become.

The first Soviet probe to successfully reach Venus orbit without damage was Venus IV. Prior to this, Venus-1, Probe-1, Venus-2 and Venus-3, four aircrafts that successfully reached Venus' orbit, lost contact after approaching Venus, so that no data and information were obtained. In addition, many planes failed to launch.

The spaceship lost contact with Venus many times. Soviet scientists believe that this may be caused by Venus' bad atmosphere, so when Venus IV reaches Venus' low earth orbit, its primary goal becomes to collect detailed data of Venus' atmosphere.

This time, Venus IV successfully collected atmospheric data and sent it back to Earth. After the mission was completed, scientists wanted to try to study the atmospheric structure of Venus more deeply, so they let Venus IV continue to move into Venus' atmosphere. As a result, Venus IV also lost contact in a short time.

In this data collection, scientists found that the main component of Venus' atmospheric point is carbon dioxide, with about 4% nitrogen and 1% oxygen. This atmospheric content is actually very similar to that of Mars, but the difference is that Venus has high atmospheric pressure and surface temperature, which is the real reason for the failure of other detectors.

After that, Venus V and Venus VI were launched to continue to explore the atmospheric environment of Venus, and then Venus VII was built in a targeted manner. Venus VII can withstand 180 bar, which is equivalent to 177.64 times of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and can also withstand the high temperature of 580.

Venus VII with enhanced properties successfully landed on the surface of Venus. During the 35 minutes of landing on the surface of Venus, Venus VII continued to transmit Venus data.

Scientists are ready to deal with the high temperature and high pressure environment, but they are not ready for the probe to land. After the parachute was opened, the landing speed of Venus VII did not stabilize due to the high atmospheric pressure environment, and it eventually hit the surface of Venus at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour.

After the impact, Venus 7 had about 1 second to transmit data to the earth with full-intensity signals. After that, Venus VII was basically damaged and could only send weak signals intermittently. Twenty-five minutes later, Venus VII was disconnected from the Earth.

After obtaining these data, most scientists have begun to think that the exploration value of Venus is not high, which is not only suitable for human migration, but also suitable for further exploration and research. After all, input and output are seriously out of proportion.

However, after that, the Soviet Union still launched nine Venus probes, as if trying to find the possibility of getting something from Venus. In fact, the greatest achievement of the Soviet Union's exploration of Venus is to understand that Venus is not suitable for human exploration.

The environment on the surface of Venus is actually very similar to the "hell" environment in literary works, which is hot, dry and high pressure. This is the true portrayal of Venus.

The high temperature of more than 400 degrees Celsius can easily make any living thing lose its protein activity, and even the most tenacious water bear worm will be cooked.

If you send a person to the surface of Venus, the result is obvious, and the astronauts will be steamed in a few minutes. Moreover, astronauts will be severely suppressed by atmospheric pressure of 177 times, which is equivalent to the depth of deep sea 1770 meters. No one can survive under this pressure, and the diving limit of human beings is only about 100 meters.

Of course, we can make the spacesuit have strong heat insulation and compression resistance, so does it mean that we can do it once and for all?

With human technology, the pressure of 10,000 meters deep sea 1000 degrees can be transmitted to the end through deep-sea detectors, so heat insulation and compression resistance are not a problem. The problem is that it will rain on the surface of Venus.

Although it sounds strange to rain in a dry and hot world, in fact, the rain on Venus is not water, but sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, which will cause acid rain on Venus.

There will also be acid rain on the earth, but generally this kind of acid rain is only a little higher than the PH value of the usual rain, so a little bit may cause a large area of plants to die in acid rain. On the other hand, Venus is amazing. It contains concentrated sulfuric acid with a concentration as high as 99%.

Almost all human scientific and technological creations are made of steel or other metals, and most metals will be corroded by concentrated sulfuric acid, so even if we can resist high temperature and high pressure through spacesuits or space stations, we can't successfully resist this concentrated sulfuric acid environment.

It is impossible for all detection equipment to exist on the surface of Venus for a long time, and it is naturally impossible for human beings to go to Venus, making it very difficult to survive. However, some scientists think that we don't have to develop on the surface of Venus. Humans can find a place with suitable temperature and pressure above the atmosphere of Venus, and set up a detection station above Venus.

After all, the initial conditions of Venus and Earth are too similar. As long as the harsh environment of Venus can be improved, human beings will have the possibility of survival.

During the nine explorations after Venus VII, the Soviet Union gained more information about Venus. In addition to the high temperature and high pressure sulfuric acid rain, Venus is tidal locking by the sun and has only a weak magnetic field.

So one side of Venus is always dark, and the other side is always hot. The weak magnetic field can't resist the high-energy particles emitted by the sun, so the front of Venus is full of high radioactive rays, which will cause fatal harm to human beings.

Now the environment of Venus is actually the ultimate form of greenhouse effect. All carbon elements are oxidized into carbon dioxide, and oxygen basically disappears into the atmosphere. As a greenhouse gas, a large amount of heat from carbon dioxide sunlight is firmly locked on the surface of Venus, and the continuously heated surface of Venus will become a pressure cooker, so the air pressure will continue to rise.

At that time, if there was no life on the earth and no blue-green algae that could convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, the earth would become similar to Venus. It is precisely because life that knows photosynthesis appeared in time and kept carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere at a relatively low level that life can gradually multiply to the present.

So it seems that the way to change the environment of Venus is simple. Create a creature or machine that can convert carbon dioxide into oxygen without poisoning and death in high concentration carbon dioxide, then the environment of Venus may change, and of course, there are still problems such as sulfuric acid rain, low magnetic field and high radiation to be solved.

So the reason for choosing Mars instead of Venus is simple. The environment on Venus is too bad for the detector to exist. At least the environment on Mars can keep the probe moving. The environmental difference between the two is clear at a glance.

It is precisely because of the efforts of the Soviet Union to explore that mankind has avoided a detour. When human beings have the ability to transform Venus, it is believed that human beings are capable of transforming all the planets in the solar system. After all, Venus's environment is so bad, and the transformation is not small.

At present, human technology is not high enough, of course, we can only detect Mars with less difficulty first.