Under the strict household registration system in the Ming Dynasty, how could it be impossible to control the population flow?

In ancient society, the flow of population was not conducive to local management and rule, and it was easy to produce some unstable factors such as theft and robbery. Therefore, the feudal dynasty adopted the same approach to the random flow of population, that is, strict restrictions. In addition to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all dynasties after Qin established a strict household registration system to limit the random flow of population. As a member of the feudal dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was no exception. Compared with other dynasties, the household registration system of the Ming Dynasty can be described as? Never before, never after? Strict, so how strict is the household registration system in the Ming Dynasty? What restrictions did the Ming Dynasty impose on population mobility? Is the reality really like strict system management?

Strict household registration system in Ming Dynasty

Both the army and the people need to communicate, and if they are hundreds of miles away, they will be arraigned. If there is no subpoena, they must be arrested and handed over to the authorities. Hongzhi Daming hui Dian

It can be seen from Ming Xiaozong's Da Ming Hui Dian compiled in Zhu Shitang that people's activities in Ming Dynasty must be road-oriented. In fact, this rule was originally formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang. In order to facilitate the management of the people, Zhu Yuanzhang established a set of household registration system to limit the actions of Ming people to? Three cents an acre? amongst

The yellow book system of Ming Dynasty must be the first thing to say to restrict the population flow. In ancient times, due to technical limitations, population registration was a time-consuming and laborious project. Even so, Zhu Yuanzhang made great efforts to accurately grasp the national household registration, strengthen local management and stabilize social order. It took ten years to conduct a nationwide census and population registration.

Yellow books are in the world, which makes people occupy their books with their own names and colors. Zhang Lvxiang's Complete Works of Mr. Yang Yuan

What are these names and colors? To put it bluntly, your occupation is your household registration, such as imperial clan households, official gentry households, civilian households, military households, craftsmen and so on. It is strictly forbidden to change all kinds of household registration without permission, otherwise? Offenders punished, still from the country of origin? . Of course, what about the household registration of the Ming Dynasty? Foreign nationality? 、? Military status? And so on, there are many rules, in a word.

You may not change your identity without permission. Identity is certain, power is fixed, farmers are responsible for farming, military households are responsible for defending the country and so on.

Taizu was born with a household registration, a title, a year old and a place of residence. Mingshi

Secondly, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Li Jia system on the basis of improving the household registration, which was responsible for the management of grassroots people. At the same time, a patrol inspection department is set up in the local area, which is responsible for the patrol inspection department of the main roads in Guanjin and Fuxian, and asks whether there is no road for passers-by. Of course, these Li Jia have also been given the responsibility of assisting the inspection department to carry out patrol tasks in the local area.

If the soldiers and civilians leave a hundred miles away and do not give guidance, the army is considered to be an deserter; On the civil "bright law" in tianjin.

What was the punishment for privately visiting Guanjin in Ming Dynasty? The most direct thing is that the staff is punished by 80, and it is estimated that the whole person will be abolished after the staff is punished by 80.

According to Gui Zhuang Gui Zhuang:? In the fifth year of Hongwu, some people were anxious to see their mother, but they didn't go to the local government to lead the way. Was arrested by the inspection department and transferred to the Ministry of Justice to discuss the crime? . From this record, we can see how harsh the restrictions on the movement of people were in the early Ming Dynasty, and the people simply did not have the word free movement. Anyone who is found not to be of this nationality will be sent back to his place of origin when he is punished by the government. At the same time, the so-called road guide formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang is also provided for people with special moving needs.

In the Ming Dynasty, Dagao required workers, businessmen and the like, no matter how far or near, to need road guides by water or land, and they must carry them with them. If you are not such a person, there is no possibility of walking.

1, official population migration

In the early years of the Republic of China, the devastated land left by the 1998 war, the imbalance between the population and land in the north and the south, the serious decrease of the population in the north, and a large number of barren fields also affected the tax revenue in the early Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang had to adopt the method of population migration to solve the imbalance between population and land At the same time, the huge difference in population and land ratio between North and South also stimulated the spontaneous migration of landless people.

During the period of Zhu Yuanzhang and Judy, there were dozens of official organized immigrants. For example, in the third year of Hongwu, unemployed farmers in Hangzhou, Huzhou and Songjiang were moved to Haozhou to farm. When Judy moved to the capital, in order to enrich the population of Beijing, more than 20,000 households moved to Beijing in Zhili and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces alone.

In the Ming Dynasty, organized immigration was the most frequent in the period of Zhu Yuanzhang and Judy, but later emperors also organized immigration. Although it is an official organized migration, the huge amount of migration will inevitably stimulate those who are not allowed to move to take the opportunity to move, so that even under the strict household registration system, it will be destroyed by official actions.

2. The subordinate relationship between officials and soldiers.

Public taboo Shen, the word dimension drop, the East China Sea was smashed, and the first year of Yongtai was sent to Jingzhao House. Transferred from Tang Li 'ao's Letters to Xu Gong, the Envoy of Lingnan.

People who have left their homeland for a long time and live in foreign countries.

In the Ming dynasty, how could there be a book delivery person? During the war, soldiers followed the army to conquer. After the war subsided, they were stationed in the war-torn areas, began to farm fields, got married and had children, which resulted in a large number of immigrants. The famous Mu Ying in the early Ming Dynasty and the founder of Muwangfu in Luyigong by Jin Yong are outstanding representatives.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, chiefs of some ethnic minorities in southwest China were abolished by the Ming government because of their mistakes, and the court reassigned some officials to manage local affairs. These officials are called floating officials. Most of the floating officials were handymen, and their careers were hopeless, so they died here, but their descendants are here? Take root and sprout? Go down. No matter whether it is a floating official or a floating soldier, although it is a legal population flow, it also destroys the household registration system of the Ming Dynasty.

3, the reader's impersonation

The imperial examination system in Ming dynasty, like the modern college entrance examination, is based on the principle of different regions and different numbers of people.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the north suffered from war. Students in the north can't compete with students in the south in a level playing field, and students in some places do well in exams. If we don't treat them differently, more and more students will do well in the exam and become officials in the court. Therefore, it is difficult for the emperor to order his ministers. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang treated the number of people admitted to different regions differently.

There are policies on the top and countermeasures on the bottom. If the probability of taking the imperial examination in a place with fierce competition is not high, then go to a place with low competition and pretend to be a candidate here. Because of the superior conditions for scholars in the Ming Dynasty, they could also move around like businessmen. In the middle and late Ming dynasty, the wind of traveling around was prevalent, and it was common for students to travel around. Therefore, many people who took part in the imperial examination mixed in and went to places where the examination was easy. Both recreational activities and cheating in imperial examinations are illegal, and they have destroyed the household registration system in the Ming Dynasty. However, under normal social conditions, the government cannot control the flow.

4. The development of the capital economy and the increase of the unemployed population.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, due to the large population, the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class eased. However, with the increase of population, land annexation has become more and more serious, and a large number of landless people have appeared. At the same time, after Zheng De in the Ming Dynasty, taxes and corvees increased, and many farmers could not bear the pressure of the government and began to give up their land and become rich or servants of the government. This huge flow seriously damaged the traditional Li Jiahe household registration system in Ming Dynasty.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the influx of silver stimulated the economic development of the capital. Businessmen are active all over the country, such as the famous Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants. They have been doing business all year. Even if you get married and have children in your hometown, you have enough financial resources to get married and have children in a foreign land, so the Ming Dynasty set up a special business registration. Business registration, for businessmen outside the country of origin to obtain legal status to live in other places. Legal household registration enables children to take the imperial examination in their place of residence, which has become a common phenomenon of cheating in the imperial examination.

With the development of the capital economy and the flow of businessmen and unemployed people, the already fragile household registration system in Ming Dynasty was changed. Trample? I watched it again.

5. Mobility of skilled craftsmen and travelling monks

The household registration system in the Ming Dynasty restricted people from modifying their identities, and their identities were passed down from generation to generation. When the imperial court needed to build large-scale projects, it mobilized skilled craftsmen from all directions, or forced craftsmen to work every time, so the floating population of craftsmen was also very large every year. In addition, some craftsmen look for business everywhere for their livelihood, which also increases the floating population in society.

Compared with skilled craftsmen, the Taoist monks in the tour seem to be? Blatant? The population has moved.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang strengthened his control over Buddhism and Taoism, strictly controlled their numbers, established a recording system of Taoism and Buddhism, and issued a Book of Names for them. No one can wander around pretending to be a Taoist priest, and strictly limit the number of monks and Taoist priests within a certain range.

Over time, the numerous classics can't reflect the growth of the number of Taoist priests, especially the universal existence of the numerous classics, which makes it impossible to count the number of Taoist priests.

In ancient times, there was a tradition that once an outlaw escaped into an empty door, the government would not pursue his fault, which also led to the increase of monks and Taoists. After the orthodoxy of the Ming Dynasty, the corvee became more and more serious, which led many monks to become monks in order to escape the corvee. Monks also widely accepted disciples, and Taoist priests traveled around, destroying the household registration system of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the number of Taoist monks is immeasurable.

In addition to the above phenomenon, the household registration of the Ming dynasty was destroyed, and some people lived in the homes of relatives and friends, which also belonged to the floating population of the Ming dynasty. The Ming government was strong and weak, and paid less attention to the household registration system than in the early Ming dynasty, which led to the inability to control the flow of population under the strict household registration system.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang originally wanted to suggest a solidified country with a strict hierarchy and people fixed in their birthplace. In order to establish such a country, Zhu Yuanzhang also made efforts, but things changed much faster than he expected, which led to the household registration system in the Ming Dynasty becoming a mere formality. Due to the large population movement, riots often occurred in the Ming Dynasty, and eventually they suffered consequences.