Folding interstellar migration

The difference between sailing and traveling is a world of difference. Originally, according to the current development speed of human science and technology, inte

The difference between sailing and traveling is a world of difference. Originally, according to the current development speed of human science and technology, interstellar travel is not a difficult goal to achieve, but if it becomes a trip, it will be infinitely complicated. Personally, 1000 is absolutely impossible to realize interstellar "travel", but it is too difficult.

First question: What are the characteristics of interstellar travel? As far as the whole galaxy is concerned, the distribution distance between stars is about 4 light years. In theory, as long as humans can reach another galaxy within 50 years, that is, the speed of the spacecraft can reach 8% of the speed of light, plus the necessary hibernation assistance technology, it can be regarded as having the actual interstellar navigation capability. Whether it is interstellar mining, interstellar migration or colonial development, it is directly feasible.

But interstellar travel is different. For the average person, the travel time is controlled within half a year. It is impossible to travel to a place in 50 years and return to earth in 50 years? Even if the speed of a spaceship can be infinitely close to the limit of light speed and traditional physics, and it takes 8- 10 years to make an interstellar trip, most people are unlikely to make such a trip. Therefore, the goal of interstellar travel can only be truly realized when the current physical system of mankind has achieved a qualitative breakthrough and the speed of the spacecraft can be increased to more than 32-64 times the speed of light.

The second question: What technologies are possible to realize interstellar travel within the current physical framework? Within the current physical framework, there are two main ways to increase the actual speed of spacecraft to more than 32-64 times the speed of light:

First, the warping spacecraft scheme: that is, the space bending scheme, which is the most common ftl spacecraft scheme. Its general technical principle is that due to the curvature of space, a spacecraft can actually travel through space at or above the speed of light per unit time by bending the space without violating the theory of relativity and changing the speed of the spacecraft.

Second, the wormhole scheme: also known as Einstein Rosen Bridge, compared with the warp spacecraft scheme, this is a more intense space bending scheme, generally called space folding. Its general principle is to open a closer passage between two points in the universe that are dozens or hundreds of light years apart by folding space, so that the spacecraft can cross a farther space in a shorter time. If we want to make a more intuitive analogy, we should fold a piece of paper so that two points that are far apart are close to overlapping, which will greatly shorten the time to reach the two points.

Finally, it should be noted that although many science fiction novels have schemes of black hole shuttle, quantum teleportation and time freezing. However, the biggest difference between these schemes and warp spacecraft and wormhole schemes is that the curvature of space has been confirmed by serious science today, so it is theoretically possible to bend and fold space. Instead, it travels through time and space through black holes, or decomposes people into basic particles and realizes remote reconstruction by using the characteristics of quantum superluminal induction; And the scheme of stopping time by lowering the space temperature to near absolute zero. Either without serious scientific investigation; Either it does not conform to the currently known scientific theory, so it will not be considered for the time being.

The third question: From the physical level of scientific reasoning, can human beings realize interstellar travel after 1000 years? This is a difficult question to answer, because although the above two schemes are still within the current physical framework and not beyond the scope of relativity, they need to increase the energy input by trillions of times compared with the mainstream thrust spacecraft today. After calculation, two scientists in the United States believe that it takes the energy of the whole solar system to push an atom forward to fold through time and space. So under normal circumstances, it is almost impossible for human beings to obtain such high energy in 1000 years.

But at the same time, we should also see that human science and technology often develops nonlinearly. Once the basic theory is broken, it will bring about earth-shaking changes. /kloc-it is impossible for people in the 0 th and 8 th centuries to believe that humans will make rockets to go to the moon to observe the sun. Today, human beings, like an ignorant teenager, have initially stepped into the door of quantum science, and there are still many unknowns in quantum technology. If one day it can bring us unexpected gifts, perhaps the existing physical framework will collapse overnight, and it is not impossible for the traditional reaction propulsion scheme to break the shackles of human light speed overnight.

Committed to science and science fiction, focusing on depth, welcome friends who like science fiction to pay attention to: Can deep science fiction humans achieve interstellar travel in a thousand years?

Earth people estimate that it is unlikely to realize interstellar travel in 1000 years. According to the classification of searching for alien civilization proposed by Russian astronomer Nikolai Calda Schoff in 1964, it seems impossible.

The first kind of civilization uses all the sunlight that falls on the earth.

The second civilization uses all the energy generated by its stars.

Type ⅲ civilization uses the energy of the whole galaxy.

Through the above simple methods, scientists like to quantify the unknown. According to the dependence of energy use on galaxies, I-type civilization can use 7 10 watts of sunlight, which is about 65438+ million times the output on the earth today. What percentage of the sun's energy is invested in the earth? Multiplying the surface area of the sun by this coefficient, the total energy output is about 4 10 watt. This tells us how much energy type II civilization can use. The energy consumption figure of the third civilization is about 4 10 watt.

Of all the transformations, the most difficult one is the transformation from type 0 civilization to type I civilization.

Throughout the history of the world, the biggest killer of mankind is not war, but plague and infectious diseases. Unfortunately, some countries may have secretly stored some deadly disease viruses, such as smallpox. Using biotechnology, these diseases will become weapons and pose a threat. There is also a danger that some people can use existing diseases, such as Ebola virus, AIDS virus and avian influenza virus, to make doomsday weapons through bioengineering. This weapon will make these diseases more deadly, or make them spread faster and easier.

If we venture to other planets in the future, we may find the ashes of extinct civilization; The atmospheres of those planets are very radioactive, and the uncontrolled greenhouse effect makes them overheat, or because they use advanced biotechnology weapons, the cities on the planet are empty. Therefore, the transition from type 0 to 1 civilization will not necessarily happen. In fact, it just represents the biggest challenge facing a new civilization.

One of the key issues of the energy of type I civilization is whether 1 civilization can transition to the use of energy other than fossil fuels.

One possibility is to use uranium's nuclear energy. However, the uranium fuel used in conventional nuclear reactors will produce a large amount of nuclear waste, which has been radioactive for millions of years. Even today, 50 years after entering the nuclear age, we still have no way to safely store high-radiation nuclear waste.

Although human beings are a race born on the earth, they have never stopped their plans to explore outer space. After 5 billion years, the sun will expand into the earth's orbit, and the earth's environment will become unfit for human habitation. So sooner or later, people on our planet will leave.

Let's discuss when humans can travel between stars. There are hundreds of billions of stars in the universe, and there are not a few planets with earth-like environment. As long as the planet is located in the livable zone, it has the potential to be transformed. The nearest star is proxima centauri, which has two planets, but even proxima centauri is 4.2 light years away.

At present, the level of human science and technology is not enough to complete such a long voyage, because in fact, it still takes 1 13000 years for us to reach proxima centauri by the fastest rocket. Suppose we build a very huge spaceship and then use the gravity of the sun to accelerate it during the voyage, and the speed will reach millions of miles per hour. We still need 6600 years to reach proxima centauri.

Next, let's look at the speed of light. Light particles are one of the few substances in the universe that can reach the speed of light, but it is impossible for a spacecraft with mass to reach the speed of light because it violates the laws of physics. Once the spacecraft reaches the speed of light, its mass will become infinite.

Even if we have the ability to reach the speed of light, it seems that traveling in the universe is not enough, because the distance between galaxies in the universe is hundreds of light years and thousands of light years. Finally, let's look at the technology of manipulating space, curvature-driven technology. When the spacecraft flies, it will continuously compress the space-time in front and then expand to the back, thus realizing the jump of space-time and breaking the myth that the speed of light cannot be surpassed. By constantly compressing and distorting space-time, we can even sail at several times the speed of light. However, curvature-driven navigation requires huge energy, which may be the energy of a whole Jupiter. However, at present, human beings on the earth have only a civilization of 0.7 1, which can not make full use of the energy of the whole earth.

When humans become second-class civilizations, they will be able to use the energy of the entire star system, and then we can really carry out interstellar navigation. This process may take hundreds or thousands of years.

Judging from the current speed of scientific and technological development, interstellar travel can be realized in the next 300 years, flying out of the solar system and reaching Sirius 1977.9.5, the birthplace of mankind. After 44 years of flight, Voyager 1 launched by the United States has been 2 1 1 100 million kilometers away from the Earth and has flown out of the solar system. Voyager 1 was accelerated by the gravity of Jupiter and Saturn, and the fastest speed reached 34 kilometers per second, gradually.

Interstellar travel depends on the escape speed of galaxies. The escape speed of the earth is 1 1.7 km/s, that of the solar system is 42. 1 km/s, and that of the milky way is 1 20 km/s. This speed can fly out of the solar system, but it will take110,000 years to reach Sirius.

Sirius is 8.6 light years away from the earth, which means that it takes a long way for the spacecraft to reach the speed of light. Therefore, to achieve interstellar, it is necessary to surpass the speed of light and realize space transfer, which requires huge energy propulsion.

Earth space warfare often captures high-speed flying UFOs, which can be photographed to show that the speed is not fast enough, and it may be in startup mode, ready for space transfer.

At present, in order to realize interstellar travel, human beings are developing warp drive. This kind of engine still can't distort space and complete the drift of time and space. To break through the speed of light, we must reduce our own mass to zero and accelerate beyond the speed of light without gravity. Only by using nuclear fusion reaction to provide electricity and drive the engine to generate super-strong magnetic field to realize the drift of space, otherwise there is no power source and it can only be frozen in space and become a cosmic landmark!