Understanding the Introduction to Physical Education and World Physical Education Examination Questions

Explore the development trend of international sports.

1. 1 international competitive sports talents flow frequently and the direction is becoming clearer and clearer.

At present, the movement of athletes presents a global trend (see figure 1), which is mainly manifested as follows: the movement of professional athletes between professional leagues in different countries; High-level athletes play an effective role in the international arena by changing their nationality, and these two aspects gradually form a new international labor market.

Figure 1 world competitive sports talent flow trend chart

The flow of professional athletes between professional leagues in different countries shows two-way characteristics: first, top competitive sports talents from all over the world flow to high-level professional leagues, while basketball players from Asia, Africa and Latin America flow to NBA and European professional football leagues respectively. Second, some players in the world's top professional leagues flow to professional leagues in emerging countries. For example, players with NBA sports experience entered professional basketball leagues with relatively poor overall level in China and Turkey. The internal driving force of the former is the need of localization in the globalization strategy of the world's top professional sports leagues. Its purpose is to cultivate the recognition and acceptance of its competitive products by other countries and nations through localization strategies, and to realize sports marketing by gradually cultivating global audiences. China's Yao Ming, German Nowitzki, Argentine Scola and other players joined the NBA, which played a very good role in this respect. The latter is driven by the dual needs of improving the level of professional leagues in importing countries and realizing the value of the world's top professional athletes again. For example, NBA second-tier stars join CBA, and a large number of retired players from European professional leagues play in professional leagues in oil-producing countries in the Middle East.

High-level athletes play a multi-directional role in the international arena by changing their nationality, such as China's table tennis "overseas corps", Brazilian players changing their nationality to play for the Japanese national team, American NBA players joining the Russian national team, and African and South American players joining the national teams of some European countries. The main trend is that athletes flow from underdeveloped countries to more developed countries. Besides athletes, coaches, managers, etc. Also shed a lot. According to the regulations of the Olympic Games, the athletes of the Olympic Games can only participate in the competition on behalf of their own countries or regions. However, more and more people see athletes of different colors and nationalities representing the same country or region to participate in the Olympic Games. It is more and more common for high-level coaches and excellent athletes to move from one country or region to another and compete on behalf of the new country or region, which constitutes the international flow of world-class excellent coaches and athletes, and the "overseas corps" derived from it has become a common phenomenon in the field of international competitive sports [1].

In the process of globalization, the international movement of labor resources has become a common phenomenon, and the international migration of athletes has been encouraged. Athletes who move from one country to another can get more economic compensation, better coaches, equipment and support services related to the sports they are engaged in, which can promote athletes to get a better sports environment, or be selected as members of the Olympic team or sign contracts with professional leagues, thus promoting the development vitality of international competitive sports [2].

1.2 The scale of international sports capital flows has increased and the direction is clear.

International sports capital flow mainly includes two aspects: first, multinational enterprises use international events, high-level professional events and professional leagues in emerging market countries for marketing; The second is the global layout of sports manufacturing industry.

The sports capital international movement takes large-scale international, regional and national high-level events as the carrier. With the help of international competitive sports organizations such as the International Olympic Committee and FIFA, multinational enterprises carry out efficient sports marketing through various forms of sponsorship, so as to open up the international market, communicate consumers' emotions, consolidate consumers' brand loyalty and enhance their international reputation. Exhibitors are mainly from developed countries, such as Coca-Cola, Sony and Hyundai. In recent years, with the acceleration of internationalization, the international capital flow related to sports is accelerating day by day. Many multinational enterprises have increased the liquidity of capital in the international market in order to seek efficient resource allocation. Taking the "Top Plan" of the Olympic Games as an example, the IOC has gained more and more capital through commercial cooperation such as selling TV broadcasting rights and licensed product distributors, which has provided reliable financial support for the periodic operation of international competitive sports events. Since 1984, the total sponsorship of "TOP Plan" has increased rapidly, and now it has become the highest sponsorship operation in the world (as shown in the following table) [3].

The direction of the international movement of sports capital promoted by event marketing is: multinational companies in Europe, North America, Japan and other countries distribute sports capital to the whole world with the help of international event marketing; Multinational companies use sports events in China, Brazil, India and other emerging market countries for event marketing; Enterprises in emerging market countries conduct brand marketing through events with global influence; Enterprises in emerging market countries explore the market through sports marketing.

The main feature of global sports capital flow promoted by sports manufacturing industry is to realize the organic combination of capital, brand and relatively cheap labor in developing countries, and the direction of capital flow is from developed countries to developing countries.

The setting and updating of 1.3 events have the characteristics of the times.

Over the past century, international competitive sports events have developed rapidly, and the number and frequency of events have also been greatly improved. According to statistics, 19 12 * * held 20 sports competitions, 1977 increased to 3 15, 1987 jumped to 660, and in 2005, * * * held1.

With the continuous development of economic and social globalization, international competition also presents new characteristics. For example, the modern Olympic Games will present new characteristics of the times every four years. Since the 24th Olympic Games 1988, the overall events of the Olympic Games have been on the rise, and gradually stabilized after the 27th Olympic Games. Judging from the events of previous Olympic Games, most of the newly added events are highly ornamental and have a good development momentum, such as table tennis and tennis in the 24th Olympic Games, baseball and badminton in the 25th Olympic Games, women's football, women's softball and beach volleyball in the 26th Olympic Games, triathlon and taekwondo in the 27th Olympic Games, women's wrestling and women's sabre in the 28th Olympic Games, 20 16 and 2006. The high appreciation, entertainment, fitness and competitiveness of new projects have laid the foundation for these projects to play a comprehensive social and economic effect [6].

1.4 The overall competitive level of the world has been improved.

Competitive sports represented by the modern Olympic Games have become an important platform for countries and regions to show their strength, expand their influence and inspire their national spirit, and the competition among countries in the world in the Olympic Games is becoming increasingly fierce. Since the 24th Olympic Games, the number of countries and regions participating in the Summer Olympic Games has continued to increase, and the number of countries or regions winning gold medals in the competition has also shown an upward trend. It can be seen from the evolution of the distribution pattern of gold medals in previous Olympic Games in Figure 2 that today's competitive sports are becoming more equal and fair. The situation that a few countries dominate the stage of competitive sports and easily take away most of the gold medals is gradually changing, and the situation that the competitive advantage is concentrated in a few countries is developing in a balanced direction.

Figure 2 Evolution of gold medal distribution pattern in the 24th-29th Olympic Games.

1.5 new technology promotes the development of sports communication in depth.

The rapid development of information communication technology has brought earth-shaking changes to the communication of sports events. In recent two years, the new 3G and 4G communication technologies combine wireless communication with multimedia communication such as the Internet, realizing the multi-functional integration of "mobile+broadband+fixed network+mobile TV+...", which has brought new breakthroughs to the instant communication of sports events.

From June, 5438 to February, 2008, NBA League held talks with Internet companies such as Sina, Youku and Tencent on WAP website operation. On the 20th 1 1 March11day, Weibo, the official of NBA China, officially entered Tencent, and the audience showed a geometric growth trend, which on the one hand originated from wonderful NBA events, and on the other hand showed the efficient communication efficiency of new information technology. NBA Tencent Weibo not only shares wonderful information inside and outside the NBA arena with the audience every day, but also interacts with fans through open-ended questions and even has a "zero-distance dialogue" with NBA star Weibo. The promotion of new information technology to competitions, leagues and even the whole competitive sports is far beyond our imagination. While information technology is constantly innovating and developing, it also brings a strong impetus to the more convenient spread of competitive sports.

1.6 Competitive sports events promote the international development of host countries and cities.

The great influence of international competitive sports beyond time and space has brought far-reaching influence to the host country and city. It is a new trend of the globalization of world competitive sports to widely publicize the host country and city through large-scale sports events and cultivate world commercial brands. By hosting major international events, countries and cities promote infrastructure construction, and show the world their comprehensive level of politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, transportation and national quality through international sports events, which not only deepens understanding, exchanges and contacts with other countries in the world, but also promotes the internationalization process of their own countries.

By hosting the 2006 15 Asian Games, Qatar successfully achieved the goal of promoting trade, making friends and promoting development through the Games. The successful hosting of the 2008 Olympic Games will fully show the whole world the overall level of Beijing and the co-host cities, and at the same time let the world know more about China's political, economic, cultural and scientific status, so that China's international status will be enhanced unprecedentedly [7]. With the help of the Asian Games, Guangzhou has also achieved a leap towards the development of an international city. From this, we can see the huge social benefits contained in competitive sports, and the global development of competitive sports in the world will give full play to this social benefit.

1.7 In the development of competitive sports in the world, there are more and more government interventions.

The specific function of competitive sports is often highlighted in a specific period. Contemporary competitive sports, as an important means of inspiring national spirit, enhancing national cohesion, improving international status and displaying national image, is an important channel to realize national political demands. Promoting the development of competitive sports through authoritative and powerful government intervention will naturally become a kind of knowledge for developing competitive sports in various countries [8].

In recent years, the sports leading bodies of more and more countries in the world have personally participated in recruiting outstanding athletes from other countries in order to improve their competitiveness in international sports events. For example, before the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, the former Yugoslavia, Macedonia and China recruited excellent Canadian athletes to participate in the Olympic team. Since the South Korean government held the Asian Games and the Olympic Games in 1986 and 1988, the sports achievements have jumped from obscurity to the second group, realizing the triple benefits of social, economic and sports achievements. At the turn of the century, the Korean government set off the second climax of hosting the competition. By 2002, Korea had hosted almost all high-level competitions in the world and Asia, such as the World University Games, the East Asian Games, the Asian Winter Games, the Football World Cup and the Asian Games. By holding world-class competitions frequently, Korean competitive sports have always maintained a high level. A country with a population of only 40 million can always rank in front of 10 and the second group in the world, and effective government intervention is undoubtedly an important reason.

2 the negative impact of globalization of competitive sports

The further development of the globalization of competitive sports has also brought a series of negative problems. First of all, in the process of international movement of competitive sports talents, there are unfair flow of talents, racial discrimination against athletes in the process of transfer, unequal value of transfer fees and athletes, and serious legal conflicts in the process of nationalization of talents. Secondly, competitive sports events not only promote the development of tourism, but also have a great impact on the local ecological environment. According to relevant data, during the Rugby Six Nations Tournament held by Cardiff University in 2006, fans who came to watch and visit the game produced about 66.5 tons of food waste, of which only about 1% could be recycled. Third, in the process of globalization of competitive sports, historical and worldwide problems such as anti-doping and stadium violence have become more difficult to solve. Finally, the political and ethnic issues in the field of competitive sports are also potential problems in the process of globalization of competitive sports. These problems need to be solved by all countries in the world, otherwise it will directly affect the healthy and sustainable development of world competitive sports.

3 Conclusion

3. 1 The globalization of competitive sports is manifested in the globalization and regionalization of competitive sports organizations, the globalization of participants, the globalization of competitive sports communication, the globalization of the audience of competitive sports events, and the globalization of competitive sports sponsorship and support. With the deepening of globalization, the globalization of world competitive sports will show the following trends: (1) the flow of international competitive sports talents is more frequent and the direction of flow is more clear; The scale of international sports capital is gradually increasing, and its mobility is enhanced; The overall competitive level of the world is constantly improving, and its strength is developing in a relatively balanced direction; New technology has become a catalyst to promote the spread of sports events to develop in depth; The globalization of competitive sports has promoted the international development of host countries and cities; The intervention function of the government is increasing day by day.

3.2 The globalization of competitive sports will certainly add a lot of color to the historical trend of globalization, and the competition of international competitive sports will become more intense. The development of competitive sports in China should seek the road of healthy and sustainable development: the fundamental purpose is to realize the multiple values of competitive sports, and the fundamental strategy is to improve the overall development level of domestic competitive sports. At the same time, under the background of globalization, China should rethink the value of competitive sports, so as to coordinate the development of university sports, social sports and competitive sports; Treat national traditional sports and western competitive sports with the Olympic Games as the main body reasonably, allocate resources rationally and vigorously support national traditional sports; Actively introduce advanced western training theories to improve the overall strength of competitive sports research in China and take the road of intensive development; Using modern sports science to tap the traditional sports resources of our country, improve the influence of our traditional sports culture on the international sports stage and promote the diversification of world competitive sports culture.

Rhythm exists in any sport, and it is one of the basic topics for any sport to study its basic laws. ? Rhythm belongs to the research topic of sports time and space. Because it shows the characteristics of time and space, every event in sports has its inherent time and space requirements. Studying rhythm is to study sports from a single technical level. ...

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