Who knows the poems about ancient Baishuiguan?

I didn't find any poems, but it was interesting to read some allusions.

Baishuiguan and its historical evolution

Speaking of Baishuiguan, let's talk about Baishui County first.

Baishui County, where Emperor Gaozu Gaudi lived, belonged to Guanghan County in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. (Geography of Han Dynasty, History of Counties in Later Han Dynasty)

The geographical location of Baishui County should be recorded by Zhu.

The overflow column of Water Classic Note Volume 20: "White water flows eastward, Yongchuan water flows out from Yongxi River in the southwest, and white water is injected into the northeast. Baishui goes east, air-cooled, ... South-southeast of Baishui. ... Baishui is southeast, passing through the east of Baishui County, namely Baishui County. ... Baishui southeast, and Xigu become water phase, ... Baishui is in the south, and will flow eastward, ... Baishui south to Wuxing East, southeast to Zhaizikou, and ... Baishui southeast, and clear water will be injected to the left. "

The overflow column of Water Classic Note Volume 32: "Qiang water flows to the southeast bridge head, joins Baishui, and reaches the old town of Baishui County in the southeast."

The white water above is now Baishui River, and Qiang water is Bailong River. It is inferred that Baishui County in Han Dynasty is located in Baishui Street on the Bailong River between Shazhou Town and Yingpan Township in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province. From 1995 to 1996, Baozhusi Power Station was completed, and when Bailonghu Reservoir was filled with water, a large-scale Han Dynasty site was submerged. In order to rescue the cultural relics in the flooded area, the archaeological team of Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics conducted a year-long excavation in ancient Baishuiguan, Qingchuan County, clearing more than 70 Han tombs and unearthed a large number of cultural relics (see Duan Mingcong's Evolution of Five baht Unearthed in Baishuiguan). It can be confirmed that Baishui Street was the county government of Baishui County in Han Dynasty.

First, Baishui Pass in Han Dynasty.

Baishuiguan was first recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.

1. Biography of Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu in the Later Han Dynasty: Gongsun Shu sent troops to Kounan County, which was the call of Tianshui to attack Shu, so he had to crush his confidant. Later, he said, "White water is in danger, and the pavilion will be defeated." [Note] There are many supporters. The emperor knew that he would not need it in the end, so he wanted to ask for it.

[Note]: Baishui, county, related, belongs to Guanghan County. Those who stack pavilions, the mountain road is dangerous, and the stack wood is the pavilion road.

2. The Biography of Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu in the Later Han Dynasty: Yue Biao Guiren also killed Wang Mang Yin Da and surrendered according to the county. So General Hou Dan was ordered to open Baishui Pass, with Nanzheng guarding the north. General Ren Man went down from Langzhong to Jiangzhou and spread eastward. So this is a profitable place.

[Note]: In Hanyang West County. Liangzhou records that "there is Baishui Pass in the southwest of Guancheng".

3. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Du Lichuan" Gu Lichuan: I was ordered by Guanghan to go to Baishuiguan, unseal and return to Hanzhong. [Note] Dumen failed to pay the personnel.

[Note]: Liangzhou records: "There is Baishui Pass 180 miles southwest of Guancheng, and there is a place in Guli." So Guancheng is in the west of Jinniu County in Liangzhou.

4. "Huayang National Records" Volume 10 Download: Jing Yi, the word Wen Jian, Zitong people also. The satrap inspected Xiaolian, and the master of the play, Stuart, distributed it to Yang Houxiang and Gao Ling. Establish a text to civilize the people with ethics. I moved to the empire, and I was invited by officials to stay there for three years. Take good care of your children and learn from your teachers, and Mars, a junior official, will not be hurt. For a long time, I obeyed military orders and moved to Yizhou Prefecture. Officials and people sent tears, 700 people fell in love, and 300 people in Baishui County.

Notes in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty were written by his sons, Zhang and Liu. The author of Liangzhou Ji quoted in the annotation is Liu Cheng of the Southern Dynasties, which is basically the same as the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. According to the chronological relationship, this paper first analyzes Baishuiguan in Liangzhou Ji.

Note 2 says "Liangzhou records that there is Baishui Pass in the southwest of Guancheng"; Note 3: "Liangzhou said:' There is Baishui Pass 180 miles southwest of Guancheng, and there is a seal in Guli. ""It can be seen that the two notes refer to the same paragraph of text.

Guancheng in the Southern and Northern Dynasties is now Yangpingguan Town in Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province (Yangpingguan and its evolution, anthology of historical geography of Huang Dynasty). Note 3 also said that "Guguancheng is now the west of Jinniu County, Liangzhou". Jinniu County in the Tang Dynasty was in the southwest of Da 'an Town, Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province, and Guancheng was abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty, so it was called "Ancient Guancheng", in the west of Jinniu County, which is today's Yangpingguan Town. In the first year of Tianbao, Sanquan County moved to Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province. (See New Tang Books and Old Tang Books).

According to the length of villages in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, today, the place in the southwest of Yangpingguan Town 180 is the location of Shazhou Town in Qingchuan, Sichuan. Therefore, Baishui Pass in Liangzhou Ji must be Baishui County in Guanghan County of Han Dynasty.

Let's talk about the notes in the Book of Were Han.

The first note shows that Baishui Pass existed in Baishui County, Guanghan County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is quite certain. There was no Guanghan County in the Tang Dynasty.

The second note says Baishuiguan is "in Hanyang West County". Hanyang County in the Tang Dynasty, that is, Mianyang, was located in Wuhan, Hubei, and the contents recorded here could not be in Hubei. So where is this Hanyang?

Possibility 1: Hanyang County in Han Dynasty. According to "Geography of Hanshu" and "History of Counties in the Later Han Dynasty", Hanyang County was set as a water county on the other day of Emperor Hanming's reign. In the Western Han Dynasty, Xixi County belonged to Longxi County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xixian County belonged to Hanyang County, that is, Xixian County in the Three Kingdoms period, in the northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province.

According to "The Biography of Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu", Xiao Wei claimed to Gongsun Shu that he had been in Jianwu for four years, and then Dan opened whitewater before that, at least three years earlier than Jianwu. Hanyang County is out of Gongsun Shu's sphere of influence at this time. Hou Dan can't switch here either.

Moreover, if Baishui is located in the west county of Hanyang County, it is inconsistent with the strategic purpose of "defending the north and the south" recorded in Notes 2 and 3 of Liangzhou Ji and the geographical location of Baishui.

Therefore, Hanyang County was not established in Shuijun County on the other day when Emperor Hanming was in power.

Possibility 2: Mianyang West County, Hanzhong County. The Hanshui River was called Mianshui in ancient times, and Mianyang County in Hanzhong was named because it was north of Mianshui. It is often called Hanyang in different periods.

Huang's book Yangpingguan and Its Evolution analyzes in detail the historical evolution of counties in the west of Mianyang: there was Mianyang County in the Han Dynasty, Dingchuan in Huan Wen in 322 AD, Baimacheng in Jinchang County (now Wuhou Town of Mian County) and Huayang County in Luokou City (now Wuhou Town of Mian County), but they are not county governments themselves, but they still belong to Mianyang. During the post-Wei Zheng Shi period (504-507), it was divided into Mianyang and belonged to Huayang County. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Huayang County was abandoned and changed to Xixian County (607). In the Tang, Song and Five Dynasties, Xixian replaced Mianyang in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), the western county of the province entered Lueyang, and the Duoshui Town (southwest of Zhoujiashan Town) belonging to the western county was changed to the county, and the original state of Lueyang was moved to Duoshui County. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhou was the county. In the fourth year of Hongwu, the county government was moved from Duoshui to Mianxian (now Wuhou Town) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and in the twenty-fourth year of the Republic of China, it was moved from Mianxian in the east.

Geography of Sui Shu: "Hanchuan County was originally Liangzhou. County eight, household eleven thousand nine hundred and ten.

... the west called it the tomb, and the great cause began to change. The officials involved are Dingjun Mountain, Bailong Mountain, Jieting Mountain and Ge Zhongshan. And Hanshui. "

"Old Tang Book Geography": "Xingyuan House is in Liangzhou, Sui Hanchuan County. In February of the second year of Zhide, it was changed to Hannan County. " The same thing is recorded in New Tang Book Geography: "Hanyin County, Jinzhou, Shanghai. Today, Xicheng County was called Ankang County in the first year of Tianbao, and it was renamed in the second year of Zhide. "

It is not excluded that Hanchuan County in Sui Dynasty was changed to Hanyang County in Tang Zengshi.

This passage in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty says that Houdan opened Baishui Pass and "defended the north and south". Because Nanzheng was the place where Hanzhong was ruled, Li Xian and others probably made a note and attached this paragraph, saying that Baishui was in the "Hanyang West County" in Hanzhong. Because obviously, it is inconsistent to say that Baishui is in the "Hanyang West County" in Hanzhong with the Liangzhou Ji quoted in this note. Thus, Li Xian and others can't tell what this Baishui Pass refers to.

The reason is that the traffic conditions have changed in the Tang Dynasty. From Hanzhong to Chengdu, it is mainly from Sanquan County (the third day of the Tang Dynasty is located in the south of datan town in the north of Guangyuan, Sichuan, which belongs to Lizhou; In the first year of Tianbao, the county moved to Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province, belonging to Liangzhou. See "New Tang Book" and "Old Tang Book") and go south to Miangu County (now Guangyuan) and then to Yichang (now Zhao Hua Town, Guangyuan). Li Xian and others don't understand that the traffic trunk lines in Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu and Hanzhong all pass through Baishui County, Guanghan. Therefore, the so-called "Hanyang West County" Baishui Pass appeared.

Archaeological findings and unearthed cultural relics also prove that Baishuiguan is located on the northeast bank of Bailong Lake in Yingpan Township, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, across the lake from Shazhou Town. (Duan Mingcong, "Looking at the evolution of five baht from the five baht unearthed in Baishuiguan")

Regarding the change of Hanzhong's route to Shu, here is a supplementary explanation. According to historical records and archaeological discoveries, the middle section of Jinniu Road has slightly changed in different historical periods:

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, I took the North Road, that is, the "Baishuiguan" route, passing through Baishui County, Guanghan.

That is, Mianxian-Daan Town-Yangpingguan Town-Qiu Ping Town-Guangping Town-Shazhou Town, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, is a ravine fault zone, and it is entirely possible to March.

All the above records show that the main roads between Hanzhong and Chengdu in Han Dynasty all passed through Baishui.

From the archaeological point of view, there are many Han Dynasty sites along this route, the most representative of which are Longshan site in Yangpingguan town of Ningqiang and Zaolinba site in heping town. However, no sites or tombs of the Han Dynasty were found in the main line of Jinniu Road in later generations, mostly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It shows that Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province-Daan Town-Yangpingguan Town-Qiu Ping Town-Guangping Town-Shazhou Town, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province is the traffic artery of Han Dynasty. No wonder Liu Lin also thinks that before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the main line of Jinniu Road in Mianxian County and Zhao Hua Town of Guangyuan was Mianxian County of Shaanxi Province-Daan Town-Yangpingguan Town-Qiu Ping Town-Guangping Town-Shazhou Town of Qingchuan County of Sichuan Province-sandui town Town-Zhao Hua Town of Guangyuan (Notes on Huayang National Records, Bashu Bookstore, 1984). In the article "Changes and Optimization of the Northern Section of Jinniu Road" (China Historical Geography Theory Series, 19, No.2, June 2004), Mr. Li particularly discussed the changes of the Northern Section of Jinniu Road in history.

China Cultural Relics Atlas Shaanxi Subvolume ningqiang county;

Zi Long Mountain Site is located on Zi Long Mountain, with an area of about 75,000 square meters and a cultural layer thickness of 0.5- 1.5 meters. Collected are pieces of bronze iron thistle, bronze arrow, ceramic tile with the words "when the king lives", rope-patterned pipe tile and slate tile. 1962, the pit tomb was exposed, and pottery figurines, bowls and cups were unearthed.

"The ancient settlement site of Zaolinba is located at the secondary platform of Zaolinba, about 1 km southwest of Qian Qiu Town, ningqiang county, with Jialing River in the north and Yangguang Highway in the south. It is about 45 meters from east to west and about 10 meters from north to south. There are some ceramic fragments on the surface of the platform. At the depth of 1 m from the surface, there are a large number of mud-gray pottery pieces in the Han Dynasty, mainly chords, followed by blue lines. There are Neolithic red pottery with sand and mud red pottery pieces 3 meters below the cultural layer of Han Dynasty. There are porcelain pieces from the Tang and Song Dynasties on the cultural level of the Han Dynasty. "

Tombs of the Han Dynasty were also found in Daan, Xujiaba and Guangping towns. ("China Cultural Relics Atlas Shaanxi Volume" ningqiang county)

In addition, in 1954, a golden seal of "Queen Mother Shuo Ning" was found under the ancient brick in Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang, and is now in Chongqing Museum. According to records, "King Shuning" was the title of Gongsun Shu to Xiao Wei in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, I have never been to Shu. This seal was probably defeated and left in Yangpingguan when he went to Shu for help. It shows that Yangpingguan is located in the hub of today's Dragon Tree. (See Cultural Relics No.7 1954, page 140, "The Seal of the Empress Dowager Shuoning in Han Dynasty Discovered by baoji-chengdu railway Qinggong Li").

From the Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, Shi Niu Road was mostly bounded by Yangpingguan Town, and went south along Jialing River to Guangyuan Chaotian. This can be seen from the changes in the administrative system along the Jialing River. From the later Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, north of Hanshou, east of Baishui, west of Mianyang and south of Juxian, there is no administrative system, and Shi Niu Road must pass through Baishui. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhao Huan County was located in the northeast of Chaotian. The supplementary map of Huayang National Records School thinks that it is in the northeast of Guangyuan today, between Shahe and Yangpingguan Town in Shaanxi Province, and beside Jialing River. Then the Three Kingdoms period has been taken seriously; Jin Dynasty was divided into Jin Shou (that is, Shu Han Han Shou, now Zhao Hua Town, Guangyuan), and Xing 'an was established to rule Guangyuan, Sichuan. Sui changed Xing 'an to Miangu (see Old Tang Book). In the four years of Tang Wude's analysis, Miangu County was divided into three counties, which were under the jurisdiction of Nan 'an Prefecture. In today's datan town, south of Guangyuan, Sichuan, Nan 'an House was abolished in Wude eight years, changed to Liangzhou in the first year of Tianbao, and moved to the east of Shaxi, which is now Leigutai Village, Tang Dou, Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang, Shaanxi. In Song Dynasty, the capital of Zhili was in Sanquan County.

The establishment of Ningqiang Line began in Jiaping County. In the fourth year of Tang Wude, Li Zhou was taken over by Nan 'an Prefecture (the geography of the old Tang Dynasty and the geography of the new Tang Dynasty was Jiamou, and the geography of the two Tang Dynasties believed that Jiaping County ruled the south of ningqiang county), but Wude was abolished with Nan 'an Prefecture in the eighth year. It can be seen that the economic population near Ningqiang in the Tang Dynasty was still unstable. Except Luochuan and Longdong, all the place names on ningqiang county Road were recorded at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the rest were recorded after the Yuan Dynasty (see Li's Changes and Optimization of the Route in the Northern Section of Jinniu Road, China Historical Geography Theory Series, 19, No.2, June 2004). It shows that Shi Niu Road on Ningqiang Line is at least after the Tang Dynasty.

In Ming Dynasty, Jianing Qiangzhou (now Ningqiang, Shaanxi) and Lu Nan (namely "Chaotian Theory") were widely used in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of the sites and tombs found on this route are from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even those from the Tang and Song Dynasties are rare.

Second, Baishuiguan during the Three Kingdoms period.

There is no Bai Shui Guan Er theory in Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms.

"Huayang National Records Volume II Hanzhong Records" records: "Yang Huai was also sent to guard the main points" and "Baishui County related commandant, so Liu Zhang and Zhoumu will also guard Yang Huai."

"Huayang National Records Volume 5 Liu" records: "Pang Tong said:' Choose a good soldier in Yin and attack Chengdu day and night. It's all about one move, which is also a plan. Yang Huai, Zhang, and other famous soldiers have all fought in the war and occupied the key points. Several letters warned Zhang to let the generals go back. "Liu is one of them. That is, cut off his soldiers and send Huang Zhong, Zhuo Ying, Wei Yan and others to rein in. …"

"Biography of the First Master" records: "Zhang Zengxian attacked Zhang Lu and commanded the White Water Army" ... "The first master was furious and called Zhang Baishui to command Yang Huai, blaming him for being rude and beheading him."

"Biography of Pang Tong" records: "When Zhang returned to Chengdu, his ancestors should be Zhang Bei's expedition to Hanzhong, and he replied:" Yin selected elite soldiers and worked hard day and night to attack Chengdu; Zhang is unprepared, and when the army arrives, it is also a plan to decide at one stroke. Yang Huai, Zhang and other famous generals, each fighting, at a critical juncture, heard that Zhang had a letter to remonstrate and ordered the general to return to Beijing. Before the general arrived, he was sent to hear that Jingzhou was in an emergency and wanted to be saved. He put on his costume and set up his position. The second son not only served the general's reputation, but also liked the general's whereabouts, so he planned to come to see him on Qingqi. So the general persisted and his soldiers improved. He went to Chengdu, which is also a move. Return, even Jingzhou, Xu also, is also a plan. If Shen Yin doesn't go, it will be a big undertaking, and it won't last long. "However, the first master calculated that he was willing to sacrifice himself and suffer hardships, and went to Chengdu to make mistakes."

From all the records, it is obvious that Jietou, Baishui and Baishui County are one place, and there is no second Baishui Pass.

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Fa Zheng and Liu Zhangshu said: "The recovery of fish is really the door of good or ill luck for Yizhou, and now two doors are opened ..." At such a moment, it is said that both the east and north sides of Yizhou are open. Fish and joints are also called, then joints are not generic names but proper names, that is, Baishuiguan is also another name.

In addition, the Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms period mentioned "white water" in the following places:

1. Biography of the Three Kingdoms Chen Qun: "In the group, I said,' ... Yesterday, Liu Bei went to Baishui from Chengdu, where he arranged many tasks, which made people hard. Mao knew he was tired of the people. "Biography of the Three Kingdoms" said: "Prepare to build pavilions and barriers from Chengdu to Baishuiguan, covering more than 400 districts. "It can be seen that the route from Chengdu to Hanzhong via Baishuiguan is the main road.

2. The reflection records:

"Jiang Wei from crib mouth back to level tone, gathered people to GuanCheng. I heard that it was broken before I arrived, so I gave up interest and refused to attend the meeting with Shu generals Zhang Yi and Liao Hua. "

"Wargo chasing Jiang Wei to level tone, Jane selected elite, from Deyang, Han, Mianzhu into the river, Chengdu interesting, ZhuGeXu * * *. He said that Xu was invited by Jiang Wei and went to Baishui to meet him without obeying the imperial edict. General Zhang Tian and others will be sent to cross the river from the west of Jiange. If you can't travel a hundred miles, you will break through the three roads of Shu soldiers, and Ai will lead you up the mountain. Then drive forward. Will take mio army to Jiange, ... "

It can be seen that the main marching route for Zhong Hui to attack Shu is through Baishui.

3. The importance of Baishui Pass can be seen in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which it is said that "when the fish comes back to the critical moment, it is actually the door to good or bad luck in Yizhou".

All the above records show that during the Three Kingdoms period, the main line of Jinniu Road passed through Baishui.

Third, Baishuiguan in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.

First of all, it mainly talks about the historical facts of defeating Yang.

Huayang National Records Volume 9 Li Tezhi;

"Wen Shuo killed Li Guo and took Brazil as Jin. General Hiraguchi Feng Li is in Jin Shou. …

Take (Li) Feng as a general, a captain, and a secretariat in the north, Liangzhou, Zhennan, Nanyi and Ningzhou, and Li, Nanman and Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. …

Li feng is in the north, and he has the merits of fighting and falling. I lived long when I was a child, which hurt my work. …

In the first year of Daxing, Feng rebelled against Brazil. (Li) I asked for it, but I stayed in Zitong for a long time. I'm sorry to cut the phoenix when I come to Fucheng. Take (Li) Shoudai to seal the prefecture and levy things. …

At the beginning, Bian Wang found it difficult to defeat his son, and Liu Yao broke his head and headed for Jin Shou. Li Zhi, the Shoujiang of Jinshou, is the second son of the Party, but due to his legacy, he will not be sent to Chengdu. Obsidian has been brought back, and my brother has been sent back to Wudu. Then I'm rebellious. The young man regretted his mistake and even the white bear asked for cutting. Bear. All the ministers remonstrate, but the public does not obey. He sent his younger brother Xun Fengzhong, led the younger generation to attack the enemy, and entered through Baishui Road. Send [Shou] and his brother to enter from the first level of Yin and ask for help from the second level. If the enemy is difficult, he will not live and die first. You won't live long. And Xun, naive to the next difference; In order to go deep into it, it was greatly broken, and both childish and deaf died; More than a thousand people died. "

The Book of Jin recorded 2 1 Li Xiong records;

"Yang difficult enemy's rush also, Xiong Anbei Li Zhifu also, and his brother is Wudu also. It is illegal for an enemy to rely on risks, and it is welcome. Xiong sent the commanders Xun, Le Ci, Fei Da and Bai Shui Bridge to attack and argue, and made Li Shou, the prefect of Soochow, attack the level tone. It is difficult for the enemy to send troops away from him, and he can't enter for a long time. Xun, direct drive Wu Street. It is difficult for the enemy to send troops to cut off his back road, attack him on all sides, and get rid of him. Thousands of people died. "

Liangzhou ruled Jin Shou in Han Dynasty (now Zhao Hua, Guangyuan, see the part of Historical Atlas in Han Dynasty). "Man Zi said", Baishui Road is also Baishui County.

As can be seen from the records, Li Xiong sent two armies to levy Yang to defeat the enemy, all starting from Jinshou and killing all the way, destroying the enemy on the flank; All the way from Baishui directly to Wudu and Bian Xia. Baishui must have nothing to do with "Hanyang West County". It should be "Guanghan Baishui Pass" in Shazhou Town, Qingchuan, Sichuan. Moreover, the "Baishui Road" recorded in Huayang National Records has never appeared in the history of "Hanyang West County".

Second, talk about the difficult battle between Song Peifang Ming and Qiu Chiyang.

The fifty-eighth edition of Biography of the Book of Song Dynasty;

In October of the eighteenth year, the southern expedition turned to the country, and the rule was Shu soil. Considering the Hanzhong army, he sent General Jianzhong to rush out of Dongluo to take precautions. Liu Daozhen, the secretariat of Liangzhou, rushed with one blow. In November, it was difficult for the tough guy to win the altar of Jinshouzhou, so he surrounded Fucheng. Brazil's satrap Liu Daoyin's treasure city stood firm and it was difficult to attack for more than ten days. If it's impossible, it's still. /kloc-in the first month of 0/9, Taizu sent General Pei, General Liu Kangzu, Prince Zuoji's crossbow, and then 3,000 soldiers who joined the army, and sent soldiers from Jingzhou and Yongzheng to ask for help, which was made by Liu Daozhen. In May, Fang Ming and others arrived in Hanzhong and moved on. When Daozhen arrived in Xing Wu, he attacked the fake loyal general Long Fu and defeated him. Anxi joined the army Wei Jun and Jianwu general Jiang Daosheng, so we won't argue any longer. Daozhen sent Sima Xiahou Mujixi to fetch white water, but Yang Liang, the general of Yongzhou secretariat and Jianzhong, refused and went to keep watch. In the leap month, Fang Ming went to Gao Lan, but Fu Yide, the general of Zhenbei and Fu Hongzu, the general of Jianjie, could hardly refuse to fight. Fang Ming broke it, beheaded Hongzu, killed more than 2,000 people, and fled from Yidi. Surrender rate of Tianshui Yu people. When Fu Jun was a general, the city had been restored, and Fang Ming sent troops to attack and break it. Therefore, it is difficult to urge his wife to die in Shandong. Anxi joined the army during the period of Lu Shang, but it was difficult to chase him out of Hanshan Gorge. Jian Jie general Yang Baochi, An Changhou Yang Hutou was born. At the beginning, it was difficult to send the second son, Hu, as the general of Zhennan and the secretariat of Yizhou, to keep the level tone. When I heard that my father was gone, I ran away to attend the next debate. Fang Ming asked Perilla to take it, gave birth to a bird and tiger, sent it to the capital, and beheaded it in Jiankang City.

It can be seen that Baishui County at that time was in the west of Xing Wu (now Lueyang), and other Baishui attached by later generations did not meet this condition.

On the other hand, from the aforementioned Liangzhou Ji written by Liu Cheng in the Southern Dynasties, we can see that Baishuiguan's position was definite and unique in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In addition, the location of Baishui County was recorded incorrectly in Water Mirror, which was corrected after Li Daoyuan's annotation. However, some people think that Water Mirror is a work of the Three Kingdoms period, and thus think that there is another White Water in the Three Kingdoms period, and Li Daoyuan's revision is wrong. In fact, Water Mirror is a work in the post-Wei period, and the modifications made by Li Daoyuan at this time are of course correct. See my essay "Textual research on the relationship between Han River, Han River and Bailong River in the Western Han Dynasty" (III) Relevant waterways in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Fourthly, Baishui Pass in Tang Dynasty.

In the ancient books recording the history of the Tang Dynasty, no events directly related to Baishuiguan were found.

From the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Baishuiguan's position was clear and unique. In the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. One is Li Xian's note in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, which means that Baishui Pass was in Tianshui County of Han Dynasty, and the other Baishui Pass appeared in Hanyang West County. The other is Du You in the Tang Dynasty, who not only adopted the Baishuiguan theory of "Hanyang West County" in Li Xian's annotation of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, but also wrongly placed Baishuiguan in Jinniu County in Li Xian's annotation.

Tongdian County, Hanzhong County Code: Jinniu, the land of Han Meng County. There is a mound of mountains, which leads to overflow. At this point, it is Hanshui, also known as Mianshui. Yan Shigu said: "The Han Dynasty says' truth'." There is Baishuiguan in the south of the county seat today, which is the place where Guli was unsealed in the Han Dynasty.

Obviously, Du You inherited the wrong statement that Zhubaishuiguan is located in the west county of Hanyang in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and adopted Baishuiguan in the southwest of Guancheng, and at the same time adopted the statement that Zhugu Guancheng is located in the west of Jinniu County of Liangzhou, giving up the important points of Guancheng and Baishuiguan in Liangzhou Ji. There is no distance limit, Guancheng is in the west of Jinniu County in Liangzhou, and Baishui Pass is in the southwest of Guancheng, so Baishui Pass is naturally in the south of Jinniu County. It is wrong to give up the life record of the previous generation and be confused by the contemporaries!

Fifthly, Baishui Pass in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a "Baishui Pass in Yunzhou" did appear, which was different from the "Baishui Pass in Guanghan County" in Han Dynasty.

Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: "The northern soldiers entered from Fengzhou, but the eastern army could not resist, so they broke Hechi and reached the Xichi Valley for 90 miles. Officials and people fled, and they wanted to surrender to Daan. Jia Boyan said, "Today's business can be advanced or retreated. If you can enter a dangerous place, defend Shu with yourself, and if the enemy has a backward look, he will not go deep. Cao Cao said, "If we rush to recruit a large army and retreat to the mainland, the enemy will advance and Shu will die." Yan Na said, "My ambition is also." I did it. I saved my crops.

The northern soldiers entered Liugu from white water 60 miles away from Mian. There is no city, relying on mountains as obstacles, clamoring for planting crops, raising flags and beating drums as suspicious soldiers. Yan Na arrived in the pinch, and before the account was refunded, the general manager and Wei Yan returned to the army, called teenagers Yang Jun and He Yi to understand the situation of the military discussion, and transferred Wang Xuan, the general manager, to benefit from it. The army was undisciplined and three arsonists were arrested and punished. A few days later, the northern soldiers arrived and fled. They all collapsed and went to Mianzhou. "

Mianzhou in the Song Dynasty is now Lueyang. The white water recorded in the history of Song Dynasty is between 60 and 90 miles north of Lueyang. Roughly between Baishuijiang Town and Matiwan Township in Lueyang, Shaanxi Province (see China Historical Atlas of Yuan Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty). Baishui River is now Niqing River.

Hu Sansheng, who annotated Zi Tong Zhi Jian in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, adopted the Baishuiguan theory of "Hanyang West County" annotated by Li Xian and Baishuiguan theory of Guanghan County in the Later Han Dynasty, and further developed it into two Baishuiguan theories of Hanzhong County and Guanghan County. And confuse "Mianzhou Baishuiguan" with the nonexistent "Hanyang Baishuiguan".

First of all, Hu Sansheng made a mistake about the position of the mouth when he annotated the historical event that Ren Taihong stole from level tone into Yizhou in 5 15, attacked Wei Dongluo, except for the second garrison, and entered Guancheng. Mistakenly treating the city as another white water pass.

In fact, in addition to the mouth, today's Qinghe River in Shaanxi (that is, except water) enters the mouth of Jialing River, in Longmen Cave, Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang, Shaanxi. This Guancheng is today's Yangpingguan Town, not Baishui Pass, and Guancheng has never called Baishui Pass (see Huang's Yangpingguan and Its Evolution).

Secondly, Hu Sansheng inherited the wrong statement of Baishuiguan in Hanyang West County in Tang Dynasty, saying that there was Baishuiguan in Hanyang West County. Baishui County and Guanghan County also have Baishui Pass. "Attached" since the origin, also with white water, so they are all named after white water "("Reading Historical Records "Volume 56). Baishuiguan in Guanghan County in Han Dynasty was named after Baishui, and there is no problem. "Mianzhou Baishuiguan" is named after another Baishui River (Niqing River), not because "the same white water flows from the source". The nonexistent "Hanyang West County Baishui Pass" has nothing to do with Baishui. How can it be named after white water? Not only does it not distinguish, it is also far-fetched. Hu's fallacy is so ridiculous!

Knowing the mistake, we know that Hu's so-called "Baishui Pass in Hanyang West County" is also absent.