1995, Introduction to the Rwandan Civil War in Africa?

1On April 20th, 1995, armed soldiers of the Patriotic Front, mainly Tutsi, shot and killed 13 Hutu refugees and injured 22 others in Kibo refugee camp in southwest Rwanda. On April 22, it was confirmed by the personnel of international relief agencies that a group of Hutu refugees tried to break out of the blockade around the refugee camp, but they were shot and strafed by armed soldiers of the Patriotic Front. The refugee camp fell into chaos and many Hutu refugees were trampled to death in the chaos. Hundreds of Hutu refugees were killed. On April 23, the armed forces of the Patriotic Front shelled Kibo refugee camp in southwest Rwanda with mortars, killing thousands of Hutu refugees. For three consecutive days, about 5,000 people were killed in Kibo refugee camp.

Rwanda is located in central Africa, and is composed of Hutu (85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%). The conflict between Lu tribes has a long history. Historically, western colonialists ruled Rwanda indirectly and divided and ruled Rwanda. They first ruled the Hutus with Tutsis, and then opposed the Tutsis with Hutus and ruled the Tutsis, resulting in four large-scale incidents: 1959, 1963, 1967 and 1973. Groups of Tutsis were forced to flee to neighboring countries. By the end of 1990, there were as many as 500,000 refugees in exile, most of whom were Tutsi, which formed a deep hatred between the two tribes who lived in harmony before the colonial era. At the slightest sign, there will be tribal conflicts or tribal vendettas. This civil war is the result of the long-term accumulation and deterioration of contradictions between Lu tribes. 1990 10 10 In October, the anti-government armed forces "Patriotic Front", mainly Tutsi refugees, invaded the territory from Uganda, quickly took control of the northeast region and advanced to Kigali, the capital, thus starting a three-year civil war. Under the mediation of OAU and neighboring countries, the two parties to the conflict started negotiations in July 1992 and reached a peace agreement in August 1993. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, the United nations sent peacekeeping troops to supervise the implementation of the agreement and establish a transitional government according to the peace agreement. However, the two sides have deep grievances and great differences, and it is difficult to implement the peace agreement, and the transitional government has been delayed. 65438+1On April 6, 1994, Rwandan President Habyarimana (Hutu) returned to Kigali with his Burundian counterpart after attending a regional summit in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. His plane was shot down by a rocket over the airport, causing death. After the news came out, Hutu soldiers and extremists began to hunt down and slaughter Tutsis and Hutu people who supported and sympathized with Tutsis in the capital and the whole country. In April 1995, the Rwandan government announced the closure of the refugee camp and set up a blockade around it, because it suspected that the former government soldiers who committed the massacre of Tutsis in 1994 were hiding in this refugee camp.

In a sense, this tribal vendetta in Rwanda is also a land dispute. When Rwanda became independent, its population was 3 million, and it increased to 8 million by 1995, while its land area was only 26,000 square kilometers, making it the country with the highest population density in Africa. The per capita arable land of farmers is less than 0.5 hectares, and many people have no land to grow and it is difficult to make a living. Refugees want to return to China, which makes domestic residents worry about endangering their own survival and oppose it. The backward economy and the intensification of various social contradictions, especially the way that foreign refugees finally choose to return to China by armed forces, have led to this unprecedented human disaster. In addition, the impact of the wave of "multi-party democracy" in the west is another incentive for the intensification of the civil war in Rwanda.

Supplementary answer: Rwanda is a small landlocked country in Central Africa with a population of just over 8 million (equivalent to the total population of Shenyang). However, 1994, a genocide that shocked the world happened in this country. In just 100 day, more than1000000 people were slaughtered successively.

1On April 6, 1994, the presidential plane of Rwandan Hutu President Habyarimana was hit by two mysterious rockets shortly after take-off, killing the president, his entourage and crew. For a time, there were rumors in Rwanda, and it was reported that soldiers of the United Nations peacekeeping force had murdered the President. Only a few hours after the president's death, a long-planned genocide against Tutsi began. Hutu troops set up checkpoints all over the country to check the identity cards of passing citizens. Seeing the Tutsi, all the women and children were hacked to death. On April 7th, 10 Belgian soldiers who were ordered to protect the Rwandan Prime Minister not only failed to rescue the Prime Minister from the army massacre, but also were disarmed and later killed.

After the massacre, the United Nations peacekeeping force, composed of soldiers from Belgium, France, Italy and the United States, was ordered to evacuate Rwanda urgently. Apart from protecting the safe evacuation of white compatriots, it did not even intervene in the massacre in a decorative way. Let the butcher knife cut at the helpless people. Just outside the barracks of United Nations agencies or peacekeeping forces, many Rwandans who hoped for the United Nations were collectively killed. The United Nations proposed to send peacekeeping troops to Rwanda, which was related to the Rwandan massacre. The United States, which has been flaunting itself as a "guardian of human rights in the world", not only refuses to send troops, but also opposes the United Nations sending troops on the grounds of "security". The puppet-like United Nations is silent, the western democratic world is silent, and all mankind is silent ... In the face of an unprecedented humanitarian disaster like Rwanda, our beloved international mainstream society has given up its historical responsibility.

12 In April, Rwandan Hutu government forces drove150,000 Tutsi into an open space the size of three football fields. Ordinary people simply can't imagine that there are150,000 Hutu refugees crowded on the flat land the size of three football fields in mountainous areas! What is even more shocking is that when they stayed on this flat land for 60 hours with hope of survival, the Hutu government forces in Rwanda were ordered to slaughter. They began to bombard the crowd with mortars and systematically threw grenades at the most crowded places, and the scene immediately turned into a river of blood. After the news spread, the angry Tutsi people also began a fierce resistance. At that time, Rwanda became a bloody hell on earth, with corpses everywhere, people's rationality disappeared and humanity disappeared. After people lost their humanity, they were even more terrible than wild animals! All the weapons that can be used for killing have come in handy. This "incompetent outside, brave inside" army played the role of a deep-water bomb in this earth-shattering massacre. Under the sword of the Rwandan army "Warriors", 1 The unarmed Tutsi hated the grave. In the 100 day massacre, the army, police, government officials and political parties provoked and directed as many as 16 massacres of Tutsi, and at least thousands of unarmed civilians were killed each time. The government constantly fanned the flames and encouraged the pro-army to violently attack Tutsis and opposition parties. During this period, the international community only occasionally expressed its concern in a polite way and never exerted effective pressure. Even if thousands of people were slaughtered, at most, they would get half a sentence of criticism.

Many people think that soldiers should be the umbrella of the people of the country and, in our words, the mainstay of the country! However, the extremely shameless Rwandan government army is the despicable executioner in this incident ... Without the support of correct beliefs, any army will repeat the mistakes of the Rwandan army in a specific environment, so that all mankind can wake up, remember the past life and be a teacher in the future!