Four classic novels, Robinson Crusoe, How Steel was Tempered, Scholars and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, each of which has three storylines.

A Dream of Red Mansions: Jia Fu, Wang Fu and Xue Fu declined from prosperity to decline, with tortuous plots and tragic endings.

Journey to the West: Tang Priest's master and disciples learned from the Western Heaven, killed demons and removed demons, each showed his magical powers, with rich contents and a happy ending.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan are three pillars, deceiving each other and competing with each other.

"Water Margin": Heroes from all walks of life gather together, and Liangshan heroes are full of loyalty. They are my brothers and are not afraid of life and death; Willing to be a court, but being poisoned.

Robinson was born in a respectable merchant family, eager to sail and bent on seeing something overseas. He went to sea without telling his father. On his first voyage, he was caught in a big storm and the ship sank. He managed to escape. The second time I went out to sea to do business in Africa, I made a fortune. The third time, he was unfortunately captured by the Moors and became a slave. Later, he escaped by rowing his master's boat and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship on the way. After the ship arrived in Brazil, he bought a manor there and became the owner of the manor. Not content with getting rich in this way, he went out to sea and sold slaves in Africa.

On the way, the ship was attacked by a storm and all the sailors and passengers on board were killed. Only Robinson survived and drifted to an isolated island. He made a raft from the mast of the sunken ship, transported the food, clothes, guns, ammunition and tools from the ship to the shore again and again, and set up a tent on the hillside to settle down. Then he put a fence around the tent with sharpened stakes and dug a hole behind the tent to live. He used simple tools to make furniture such as tables and chairs, hunted game for food, and drank the water in the stream to tide over the initial difficulties.

He started planting barley and rice on the island, making wooden mortar, pestle and sieve, processing flour and baking coarse bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and let them breed. He also makes pottery and so on to ensure his own needs. Even so, Robinson never gave up looking for a way to leave the island. He cut down a big tree and spent five or six months making a canoe, but the boat was too heavy to drag into the sea, so he had to give up all his previous efforts and build a small one himself.

Robinson lived alone on the island for 17 years. One day, he found that the coast of the island was covered with human bones, which had been burnt. It turned out that a group of savages from outer islands held a feast of human flesh here. Robinson was surprised. Since then, he has increased his vigilance and paid more attention to the things around him. Until the 24th year, another group of savages came to the island, ready to kill the captive. Robinson found and rescued one of them. Robinson named the rescued aborigines "Friday". From then on, "Friday" became Robinson's loyal servant and friend. Then Robinson took Friday to rescue a Spaniard and Friday's father. Soon an English ship was moored near the island, and the sailors on board made trouble and abandoned the captain and other three people on the island. Robinson and Friday helped the captain subdue the sailors and take back the ship. He left the sailors on the island and left the desert island for England with the captain on Friday. By this time, Robinson had been away from home for 35 years. He got married in England and has three children. After his wife died, Robinson went out to sea for business again, passing through the desert island where he lived. At this time, the sailors and Spaniards who stayed on the island have settled down and thrived. Robinson sent new immigrants, gave them the land on the island, left them all kinds of daily necessities, and left the island contentedly.

Pavel Colta King, the hero, joined the Red Army in his teens. No matter in the war, or in the period of national economic recovery, Kochakin showed fearless spirit, iron will and infinite loyalty to the party and the people. Due to repeated injuries and overwork in the war, he was paralyzed and blind, but he overcame the mental and physical blows and picked up a pen to praise the heroes who struggled to establish, defend and consolidate the Soviet regime.

The Soviet novel How Steel was Tempered was not written by a great writer, but a novel written by Nikolai ostrovsky based on his own life experience, which can be said to be an ordinary person's own story. The novel was dictated by the blind and paralyzed author at that time and recorded by ordinary relatives and friends like the author. It is such a work that enjoys a high reputation among readers at home and abroad and has become a masterpiece that has influenced several generations. The success of the work lies not in the beauty of the language, nor in the twists and turns of the plot, but in the shocking spiritual strength and thought-provoking life philosophy and values reflected in the real account.

"The most precious thing is life. Life only belongs to people once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret his mediocrity and waste his time, nor will he feel guilty because of his meanness and vulgarity. In this way, on his deathbed, he can say,' I have devoted all my life and energy to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.' "

long

Pavel Colta King, born in a poor railway worker's family, lost his father in his early years. He was brought up by his mother who made money by washing clothes. 12 years old, Pavel Colta King left school, and he was only 12 years old this year. Because when he made up the exam, he sprinkled ash on the dough of the Easter cake made by Father Vasily. As a last resort, Paul followed his mother to work in the station canteen. Here, he was sent to the washing workshop by his boss to burn the tea stove, clean the knife and fork and pour dirty water.

During his working days in the canteen, Paul was oppressed by his boss's wife, and he also saw the hardships and poverty of people living at the bottom. Soon, his brother Arqing found him a job in a power plant, and Paul left the canteen.

"The tsar was overthrown!" Earth-shattering news came. New terms such as "equality, freedom and fraternity" appeared, and people cheered and excited. However, within a few days, people in the town found that life had not changed much as before. More and more soldiers appeared in the town. They shouted, "Bolsheviks."

The town of Shebetovka in Ukraine has changed. All the rich people here fled, and the Red Army soldiers appeared. The citizens of this town got guns issued to them by the Red Army. Soon, the Red Army retreated, the Germans came in and the rich came back. Paul didn't understand what had happened. He continued to work in the power plant. Soon, Paul met Zhu, the assembler, and they became good friends. Zhu Jiaobao fights boxing and often tells him some revolutionary truths.

The daughter of a forestry official in tonya, she is lively and lovely. One day, Paul was fishing by the lake and got to know tonya. She is different from other rich children. She didn't laugh at and insult Paul. They soon became close, and gradually an uneasy mood affected Paul. He has been looking forward to meeting tonya. Paul knows this is love.

The Red Army guerrillas sometimes appear in the town, waving the guerrillas' red flags, and sometimes you can see the figure of Petrella gangsters waving yellow flags. The Red Army guerrillas often struggle with these gangs. Ukraine is full of fierce and cruel struggles.

Petriura's gang occupied the town and they arrested people everywhere. On a dark night, assembler Zhu hid in Paul's house to avoid the raid. At Paul's home, Paul heard Zhu He tell about the atrocities committed by the Petriula gang and explain the truth of the revolution. Paul knew the truth of life, and the Bolsheviks were revolutionary parties fighting for the liberation of the poor.

In Paul's house, Zhu always goes out every night and comes back late at night. One night, Zhu He came out and didn't come back. Paul came to the street to inquire about Zhu's whereabouts. At this time, he saw Zhu being escorted by a soldier from Petrella. Paul decided to rescue Zhu. When the escort approached Paul, Paul struggled to pounce on the soldiers. When He Zhu came to see him, he knocked the soldiers down in the ditch with one blow. The two men got rid of the soldiers and disappeared into the night. That evening, Zhu and Paolo left town and were taken to the Yugoslav capital headquarters. The gangsters tortured Paul in turn and forced him to hand over Zhu He.

The leader of the Petrella gang is coming to the town to review the troops, and the town is busy making preparations. Colonel Zenek didn't want the leader to see that there were many prisoners in the prison, so he let Paul out. Paul dragged his tired legs and ran. He can't go home or find his friends. He ran aimlessly and unconsciously came to the garden of the Forestry Department. The barking of dogs alarmed tonya. When she recognized Paul, she cried excitedly. Paul got a rest in tonya's home, but he insisted on leaving tonya's home without involving tonya. After meeting Paul, tonya had a thousand words to say, but he didn't know where to start.

The next morning, Paul left his home in tonya and went to Khartoum by train. Paul waved goodbye to the tall Qing and Togna.

The Soviet regime was established, the local committee of the Ukrainian Youth League was established, and the Red Army captured the small town of Shebetovka. He was promoted to join the Red Army and became a soldier of Dovski Cavalry Division. Paul and thousands of soldiers fought bravely with fiery passion. In a battle, Paul was injured in the thigh, and then he got typhoid fever. While treating the injury, Paul read the book The Gadfly, and he was deeply moved by the power of the Gadfly.

The fighting started again. Budyonny cavalry broke through the lines of the Polish White Army and launched an attack on the enemy in Kiev. On the battlefield, Paul rode a horse and held a knife, fearless, and full of great hatred for the old world and the enemy. He landed on his horse, his saber shining in the air. Budyonny and the cavalry attacked and pushed forward, breaking through one defense line after another, and zhitomir City was conquered, and another Dicev City was also conquered. Suddenly a bomb exploded on Paul's head, and there was a flash of green light. Paul immediately lost consciousness and his eyes were dark.

Paul regained consciousness, but his head was still heavy. However, Paul's right eye is blind forever. It's cruel to Paul. He can't go to the front anymore. Paul lives in Blanche's house, where he meets tonya. When attending the youth league meeting in the city, Paul saw that tonya treated his comrades-in-arms with contempt and provocation, which made Paul unbearable. Paul and tonya quarreled, and finally they broke up.

Paul knows that Zhu is now the chairman of the provincial "Cheka". He asked Zhu for a job and took part in the work of eliminating counterrevolutionaries. "Cheka" worked hard, which affected Paul's health. His head often hurts. In a search of Sudal gangsters, Paul, who couldn't sleep for two days and two nights, finally couldn't hold on, fell into a coma and lost consciousness.

Paul was transferred to the railway general factory as the secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee, where he met Lida, a member of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League Committee. Paul fell in love with her. However, Paul was very upset and thought it was not the time to talk about love, so he broke up the relationship.

It's late autumn and rainy. The cold rain soaked the clothes and froze the body. The road construction team works from early morning to late night every day. At night, everyone sleeps on the concrete floor in clothes soaked by rain and hardened by sludge, and warms each other with their own body temperatures. I eat a catty and a half of black bread like anthracite every day, and sometimes I can't even supply it. The Orik gang is also constantly attacking. * * * The youth league members are fighting and working. The sound of iron bars and shovels hitting stones is everywhere, and the curved spine can be seen everywhere. Soon, winter came. People are still working hard in the ice and snow, digging frozen hard land. As long as we keep talking, we must build this railway. He Zhu came to the construction site and was very moved to see this scene: "This is how steel is tempered!"

Paul, who was badly hit by illness, took the lead in labor, and started the game while fighting slack. Every day before dawn, he dragged his swollen and stiff feet and prepared boiled water and hot dishes for his comrades. Although Paul had a high fever for a day, he still shoveled the snow with a big wooden shovel. The cold finally made Paul ill. The body of an unknown hairdressing youth was carried on the platform, and this young man was Paul.

Paul didn't die of typhoid. He came back from the death line and fought tenaciously in the revolutionary post.

Paul reunited with Rita at the All-Russian Youth League meeting. However, Rita told Paul that she was married. Paul's body gradually weakened, his right leg was disabled, and there was no cure for spinal contusion. Unfortunately and heavy blows followed, and Paul's hands and feet were numb, and sometimes he suddenly couldn't get up, and the situation got worse every day.

Paul and dia got married. They moved to a small town along the coast. Paul's life now is to study. He has read many classical literary works. He intends to start work again. This job is for Paul to write a novel called The Birth of the Storm. At the end of the novel, the mother sent the student's package to the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee. Here comes the telegram. It says: This novel is greatly appreciated and will be published soon. Congratulations on its success! Paul's heart beat again and he started a new life.

Scholars

/gd/rlws/rlws.htm

Pu Songling (1640 ~ 17 15), a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Zichuan (now Zibo, Shandong Province) and a layman in Liu Quan. Born into a declining landlord family, he was well-educated but not well-known. My father, Pu, gave up his studies and went into business, but he read a lot of classics and learned a lot. When Pu Songling 19 years old, he was the first scholar in the county, the government and the road, and he was quite famous, but he failed repeatedly in the future. At the age of 20, he and his classmates Wang, Zhang and Zhang formed a "poetry club". After his family was poor, he was invited to study in Li Ximei's home. 31~ When he was 32 years old, he was invited by Sun Hui, the new magistrate and friend of Yijinshi in Baoying County, Yangzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, to be a screen guest. This is the only trip from his hometown to the south in his life, which is of great significance to his creation. He experienced the natural landscape, local customs, official corruption and people's sufferings in the south. I also made friends with some lower-class singers in the south. After returning to the north, he made a living by running a library in the gentry's house, and his master's house was rich in books, which made him dabble in a wide range. 7 1 year-old, returned home and lived a life of drinking and writing poems for self-entertainment. I have been keen on the imperial examination all my life, but I have failed. I didn't make up the tribute students until I was 72 years old, and I have a deep understanding of the irrationality of the imperial examination system. In addition, I like folk literature since I was a child, and I have extensively collected strange stories, absorbed creative nutrition, and merged into my own life experience to create an excellent collection of China classical short stories, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The fantasy story of the charm of the fox reflects the real life and entrusts the author's ideal. Besides Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, there are 4 volumes of anthology and 6 volumes of poetry. Miscellaneous "Salvation Quotations" and "Pregnancy Punishment Record"; There are 3 kinds of traditional operas and 4 kinds of popular folk songs/kloc-0. Modern people have collected Pu Songling's collected works.

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a collection of short stories in classical Chinese, with 43 1 short stories. Its content is roughly divided into four parts: First, it exposes and mocks the greedy and vicious faces of corrupt officials and bullies such as "promoting reunification", "Xi Fang Ping", "Shang San Guan" and "Xiang Dun" with resentment towards the real society. Second, satirize the imperial examination, sketch out the examiner's face of fatuity and greed and the graft in the examination room, such as Si Wenlang, cheater in the exam, bookworm and so on. Third, praise and portray the loyal and pure love, the bottom women and the poor scholars, including Crow's Head and Xihou. In Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, there are many love stories between foxes and people, which are quite romantic, and have created many female fox images with beautiful appearance and pure soul, such as Redjade, Ying Ning, Yu Xiang, Qingfeng, Jiao Na and Lianxiang. Fourthly, some short stories are moral stories, which are used to explain ethics, such as Painted Skin and Laoshan Taoist.

Pu Songling (A.D. 1640- 17 15) was born in Zichuan, Shandong Province, Liu Xian. Pu Songling was a literary talent since childhood. It's a pity that he is old and very dissatisfied in the imperial examination. He was full of practical knowledge, but he failed. He taught at home, and he won the Gong Sheng at the age of 765,438+0. He was full of complaints, so he turned his story into a serial novel. He said, "It's not Gan Bao. She loves looking for God. She loves Huangzhou. Talking about ghosts is very gratifying, but she will write it down when she is free. For a long time, colleagues from all directions sent messages in the mailbox, so when things got together, the benefits accumulated. " He died at the age of 76 and wrote four volumes of anthology, six volumes of poetry and eight volumes of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a combination of realism and romanticism. On the one hand, they organize unrealistic things such as the flower fox curse and the ghost world into real social life, and most of his flower fox spells are human and amiable; However, he moves suddenly and is good at deformation, not ordinary people. This factor makes the imagination of the work rich and strange, the story unpredictable and the realm fascinating.

The artistic achievement of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is first manifested in shaping a series of unforgettable characters. Take Ying Ning as an example. When she went there, laughter followed. When describing the characters conjured by the flower fox charm, the author can often grasp the characteristics of the demon prototype, which is also helpful to the personalization of the characters. For example, in The Woman in Green, it is written that the woman in green is a "long green dress" with a "slender waist", and her voice is delicate and delicate, vividly depicting the female image of a green bee.

The sudden change and bizarre twists and turns of the story are also outstanding achievements of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Although Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is basically a biography, it does not directly tell the experiences of the characters, but pays attention to the twists and turns of the story structure to attract readers.

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is also good at describing scenery. It not only has vivid pictures, but also often creates an atmosphere and realm, which better sets off the characters' personalities. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has refined language, rich vocabulary and many syntactic changes. The author not only creatively used the ancient literary language, but also absorbed and refined the contemporary spoken dialects. In odd simple sentences, the occasional parallel prose and phrases are elegant and beautiful, lively, full of images and expressive force. The characters depicted in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio pay attention to the description of individuality and details; Arrange the plot and pay attention to the twists and turns of the story, the ups and downs of the article and the swaying of the language.