The regime established by Zheng Chenggong in Taiwan Province Province?

Zheng Chenggong's father was Zheng Zhilong, who was the leader of the maritime armed group before he was recruited by the Ming court. Japanese woman Tankawa gave birth to Zheng Chenggong on July 14th (August 27th) in the next four years (the first year of Kuanyong, Japan 1624). Therefore, Zheng Chenggong is a Sino-Japanese hybrid. Before the age of seven, I lived with my mother in Pinghu, and then I lived in Anping Town (now Anhai Town) in Jinjiang County, Fujian Province for more than ten years. 1644, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, Ming Sizong hanged himself, and Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs. In such troubled times, I went to study in imperial academy, Nanjing, and worshipped Qian, then the minister of Nanjing's Ministry of Rites, as my teacher.

Zheng Chenggong has four brothers. The only mother is Lany VII, who has never left Japan and still has descendants in Japan.

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Emperor Longdi of Nanming once courted Zhu, who was the surname of the Ming Dynasty, and gave him the title of loyalty and filial piety, so he was commonly known as the surname Ye. At the age of 22, he served as commander-in-chief of the Imperial Camp of Emperor Qianlong of Nanming. In the third year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (the second year of Nanming Longwu 1646), the Qing army conquered Fujian and Emperor Longwu of Tang Dynasty was killed. Encouraged by Hong Chengchou, a descendant of the Qing Dynasty, his father Zheng Zhilong thought that the Ming Dynasty was the end of the road, and Zheng's own family business could not compete with the Qing court. Regardless of Zheng Chenggong's opposition, he handed over the army to Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui, and went north alone to negotiate surrender with the Qing court. Unexpectedly, at this time, the Zheng family was coaxed, and the Qing army took advantage of it and seized Quanzhou City, the Zheng family base. Zheng Chenggong's mother, Tian Chuanshi, committed suicide to avoid being humiliated by the Qing army. Therefore, Zheng Zhilong also lost the bargaining chip, and then the situation in the Qing court gradually deteriorated.

In the second year of Longwu (65,438+0,647,65,438+0), Zheng Chenggong set up an army in Lieyu (now Lieyu Township, kinmen county), claiming to be "loyal and filial" and suing Zhu Chenggong, the general's criminal minister. Later, he gradually integrated all the forces of the Zheng family and made further progress in the military and maritime trade left by his father. Li Yong was renamed Nanming Li Yong in the third year (1649), and Li Yong made him the king of Yanping County, so some people called him Zheng Yanping. From 165 1 to 1652, we won three victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian and annihilated the main army stationed in Minqing. After that, Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province in the north and Jieyang in Guangdong Province in the south.

In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Du Ji, the general of Dingyuan in the Qing Dynasty, led about 30,000 troops into Fujian to attack Zheng Jun together with the troops stationed in Fujian ... Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the weakness that the Qing army was not good at water fighting and lured the Qing army to go to sea to fight. In April of the following year, his navy was completely annihilated in the waters near Weitou, Xiamen. During the 16 years after the uprising, Zheng Chenggong took full control of the sea power of Xiaojinmen and the small islands around Xiamen (at that time, it was an island that was not connected with Chinese mainland). On the one hand, Zheng Chenggong went deep into the inland, set up a commercial stronghold, Shanwu Merchants, opened up sources of goods, traded with foreigners and accumulated funds; On the one hand, it is used to recruit soldiers (including Japanese, white, black and other foreign mercenaries) and import weapons such as armor, guns and swords to prepare for military strength and armaments; Hongmen is an intelligence organization developed on the basis of commercial strongholds in the mainland. I fought several times and made peace with the Qing court to gain time to restore my strength. In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong wrote to Zheng Chenggong many times at the request of the Qing court. The Qing emperor also wrote a letter conferring Zheng Chenggong as General Jinghai, but Zheng Chenggong refused to accept it. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong's private letters were intercepted by the Qing court, and they immigrated to Ningguta of Zheng Zhilong to collaborate with the enemy.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Zheng Chenggong led the water army170,000 people to the northern expedition. The following year, he entered the Yangtze River, captured Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing. Later, due to China's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he was defeated in Xiamen. In the seventeenth year, in haimen port (now Long Haidong), Fujian Province, more than 40,000 sailors led by the Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, and the military power was revived.

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Emperor Kangxi 166 1 ascended the throne. Prior to this, the former general of the Zheng family had suggested to the Qing court "five strategies to destroy thieves", including the 20-year-long move to Guangdong, which cut off economic and trade resources; Destroy coastal ships, and the inch board is not allowed to enter the water; At the same time, Zheng Zhilong, the father of success, was killed at the migration site of Ningguta (one said that he was killed at the entrance of Jingcheng, the west entrance of Fu Xue Hutong in the Yuan Dynasty execution ground); Dig Zheng's ancestral grave; Resettlement of surrendered officers and soldiers, reclamation of wasteland.

Due to the new strategy of the Qing government, the financial situation of Zheng Chenggong and his army deteriorated seriously. They had to abandon the military strategy of harassing the southeast coast based on offshore outlying islands, and take the VIP area ruled by the Netherlands (now south of Taiwan Province Province) as a new base to attack. On March 23 this year, Zheng Chenggong personally led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships, set out from Luowan, Jinmen, passed through Penghu, and unexpectedly captured the enemies of Luermen and Heliao. First, we captured Provinta (now Chitou Building in Tainan), a weak defense of the Dutch army, with superior forces, and then laid a long siege to Zelandia Fort, a well-defended capital.

After nine months of hard struggle, he defeated the Dutch in 1662 with the support of Han Chinese immigrants assisted by his father in his early years, forcing Frederic Coillette, the last colonial governor of the Netherlands in Taiwan Province Province, to be in the same year 1 February 13 (1February 6621day. Zheng Chenggong owned the land in Tainan and a part of the east, so he paid homage to the mountains and rivers, issued a reclamation order, established Chengtianfu, and changed Tainan into the "East Capital" to show his intention of waiting for Li Yong, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, to come to the east and win the loyalty of the minister of the Ming Dynasty. Find another way to work overseas, and fight against the Qing Dynasty overseas. In April of the same year, news came that Wang Gui Zhu Youlang died in Myanmar. Although there are other Ming Dynasty royal families in Taiwan Province, Success has decided not to establish a new emperor, but to be the master of Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong established the first Han regime in Taiwan Province. However, due to the poor sanitary conditions in tropical areas at that time, Zheng Chenggong contracted an epidemic and finally fell ill. He died on June 23 of the same year at the age of 39. Originally buried in Taiziwei, Tainan Island, 1699 moved to Nan 'an ancestral tomb.

Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Jing, continued to manage Taiwan Province Province, changing its east to Dongning. According to Chen Yonghua's proposal, transplanting the central official system of the Ming Dynasty, although still serving the dead Ming Emperor Li Yong at home, was not unified with Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties in the inland of China, which led to the idea of establishing long-term stability and achieved remarkable results in its management. It is called "Kingdom of Dongning" abroad and "Dongning Province" in the historical materials of Qing Dynasty. Later, Shi Lang's disciple Zheng Chenggong attacked the Netherlands and conquered Penghu Island, so his grandson Zheng Keshuang fell to the Qing Dynasty on 1683. In order to avoid the resistance of Taiwan Province people, Zheng was dug out of all graves in Taiwan Province by the Qing Dynasty and buried in China. 1684 In April, Taiwan Province Province (then Taiwan Prefecture) was formally incorporated into the territory of the Qing Empire, and it was subordinate to Fujian Province, with Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Generally speaking, Zheng regime only existed in Taiwan Province Province for more than twenty years. However, due to its special background, historians in Taiwan Province Province, China and Japan have paid attention to it and put forward various interesting views.

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In the military affairs of unifying the Zheng family, Zheng Chenggong has always practiced "strongman rule" and "severe punishment" and rarely accepted the opinions of his subordinates. But politically, his literati background can also make him convince others with virtue, and at the same time help him run his career and create a better situation than his father.

Because Zheng Chenggong is a hybrid of China and Japan, the Japanese also regard him as a hero of the Yamato nation. Now there is a "birthday stone" on the seaside of Hirado, Japan (now Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture). It is said that Zheng Chenggong was born here. Japanese writer Saemon once wrote a pure glass drama called Ye Hezhan, which was all the rage.

During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province, the Japanese demolished a large number of Han temples. However, the King Temple in Yanping County, located in Tainan, was fortunately preserved. It was set up by the Qing Dynasty to worship Zheng Chenggong. In addition, a wind tower "Kaishan Temple" was built next to it, which was also dedicated to Zheng, forming a double-temple pattern. It was not until after the war that the Kaishan Temple was demolished and the original Fuzhou-style building was renovated to the northern court.