Abolition of Slavery and European Immigration

The First American Revolution (War of Independence):

Background:

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the British began to establish colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. 100 years later, there were 13 British colonies in North America. The inhabitants of these colonies are not only British immigrants and native Indians, but also people from other European countries and black slaves from Africa. Every colony was ruled by a governor sent by Britain. At this time, the colony has developed a large number of plantations and established a variety of industries such as textile, ironmaking and mining, and its economy is relatively prosperous.

In order to increase the financial power, the British government constantly increased the tax revenue of the colonies and arbitrarily oppressed and brutally exploited them. 1765, the British came up with a new trick: stamp duty. They stipulate that all official documents, contracts, licenses, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, documents and wills must be stamped with tax stamps before they can take effect and circulate. This aroused the great anger of the colonial people, so secret anti-British organizations such as "sons of liberty" and "Communication Committee" appeared one after another, and anti-British incidents occurred from time to time, such as boycotting British goods, driving away tax collectors, burning tax stamps, armed resistance and so on. All this caused panic in the British government, and they immediately sent troops to suppress it. 1On March 5, 770, British troops opened fire on unarmed citizens in Boston, killing five citizens and injuring six others on the spot, thus creating the "Boston Massacre" that shocked North America. Anti-British anger is burning in the hearts of colonial people, and a war for independence and freedom is about to burn in the North American continent. The incident has come to an end.

Content:

Boston Tea Party:

In 1773, the British government promulgated the Tea Tax Law in an attempt to monopolize the tea business in North America. They gave the East India Company the exclusive right to dump tea in North America. This move aroused strong opposition from the colonial people. 65438+February 65438+On the night of June 6, some members of the "sons of liberty Association" boarded three British tea boats moored in the harbor and dumped all 343 boxes of tea on board into the sea. This is the famous Boston Tea Party.

Gunfire in Lexington:

In the early morning of April 1775, the people of Boston fired the first shot of the War of Independence over Lexington, and the gunfire in Lexington opened the curtain of the American War of Independence. The artillery fire in Lexington shook the 13 colony along the Atlantic coast. The American War of Independence began.

In order to unite against Britain, the Second Continental Congress of North America decided in June 14 to set up a colonial joint armed force, namely the Continental Army, and appointed Washington as the commander-in-chief. 10 13 years 10 months, decided to set up a continental fleet. 1776 On July 4th, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed the birth of the United States of America. At the beginning of the war, the strength of the two sides was very different. Britain is the most powerful colonial country in the world, with a world-class navy and about 30 thousand British troops stationed in North America, well-equipped and well-trained; The population of North American colonies is only 3 million, and they are short of troops, backward in equipment and lack of training. However, the justice and progressiveness of the war affected the process and outcome of the war.

Three stages:

1775 ~ 1778 is the first stage of the war and the strategic defense stage. The main battlefield is in the north, and the British army has the advantage.

1779 ~ 178 1 was the second stage of the war, marked by the victory of Saratoga, and entered the stage of strategic stalemate. The main battlefield turned to the south, and the American army defeated the strong with the weak.

April of 178 1 to September of 1783 is the stage of strategic counterattack.

Important battles and events: Saratoga; Sign the declaration of independence.

Impact:

The victory of the War of Independence freed the United States from British colonial rule, realized national independence, cleared the obstacles for the development of American capitalism, set an example for the national independence movement of Latin American people, and promoted the European revolution in the18th century. The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of 1787, and the new political system they established are precious legacies of human civilization.

Meaning:

The American War of Independence was the first large-scale colonial war for national independence in the history of the world. Its victory opened the gap in the British colonial system and set an example for the colonial national liberation war. The War of Independence was a bourgeois revolution, which overthrew British colonial rule and founded the United States of America. At the same time, the feudal remnants of the colonial period were eradicated, such as the eldest son inheritance law, the restriction of inheritance law and the service tax, and the slavery contract was basically abolished. Thus liberating the productive forces and opening up a broad road for the development of American capitalism. As Lenin said: "The history of modern civilized America began with a great, truly liberated and truly revolutionary war."

The victory of American War of Independence promoted the bourgeois revolution in Europe and Latin America. It ended British colonial rule, realized national independence and established a relatively democratic bourgeois political system, which was conducive to the development of American capitalism and promoted the revolution in Europe and Latin America in the future.

The American War of Independence did not solve the problem of land or slavery, which made the north and south of the United States embark on two different economic paths after independence, and finally led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.

The Second American Revolution (Civil War);

Background:

(1) American territorial expansion:

Means: redemption, armed subversion or invasion.

Results:/kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, American territory expanded from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, forming a famous "westward movement" in American history.

(3) Impact: bring disaster to indigenous Indians; The development of the western region objectively promoted the development of the American economy; The contradiction between the two economic situations in the United States has also deepened.

(2) The contradiction between the two economic situations in the United States:

(1) The industrial and commercial capitalists in the north demanded to protect domestic raw materials and markets, expand the export of industrial products, raise tariffs and restrict the import of industrial products; I hope to abolish slavery, increase the free labor force and establish a free state in the west.

(2) Southern slave owners sold cotton and other raw materials to Britain in large quantities, imported a large number of industrial products from Britain, and advocated reducing tariffs, expanding imports, expanding the number of slaves and expanding slavery in the west.

(3) The focus of the contradiction lies in the abolition of slavery.

(3) The upsurge of the abolitionist movement:/kloc-In the first half of the 9th century, the abolitionist movement continued to rise. Abolitionists actively called for the abolition of slavery and actively put it into action. The contradiction between north and south is becoming increasingly acute.

(4) The fuse of civil war: 1860, the American * * * and the party candidate Lincoln, who represented the interests of the northern bourgeoisie and advocated limiting slavery, were elected president.

Content:

(1) The outbreak and initial situation of the civil war;

President Lincoln (1) 186 1, some southern states established the Confederacy, and then started the war.

At the beginning of the war, the northern army was losing ground.

(2) the turning point of the war:

(1) in order to reverse the war, Lincoln government promulgated (1) the outbreak of the civil war and the initial situation:

President Lincoln (1) 186 1, some southern states established the Confederacy, and then started the war.

At the beginning of the war, the northern army was losing ground.

(2) the turning point of the war:

(1) in order to reverse the war, Lincoln government promulgated the homestead act and the emancipation proclamation.

(2)1863, the battle of Gettysburg, the northern army won, began to grasp the initiative in the war.

(3) End of the war: 1865, the Confederate army surrendered and the civil war ended.

Impact:

The American Civil War was the second bourgeois revolution in American history. Although the number of casualties exceeded 600,000, the abolition of black slavery solved the land problem of farmers, safeguarded national unity, cleared the way for the accelerated development of American capitalism, and laid the foundation for the United States to rank among the world powers.

Meaning:

The Civil War was the second bourgeois revolution in American history, which abolished black slavery, solved the land problem of farmers, safeguarded national unity, cleared the way for the development of American capitalism and laid the foundation for the United States to rank among the world powers.

During the civil war, the two sides spent $654.38+0.5 billion in war expenses. The North Army suffered 630,000 casualties and the South Army suffered 480,000 casualties. The war showed the power of modern industry, and both sides were equipped with a large number of new-type line-bore weapons, which promoted the application and development of scattered formation, field fortifications and infantry close-pressure operations. Railways and telegrams played an important role, and armored ships, mines, mines and submarines were used for the first time in the history of war.

The victory of the North in the war established the dominant position of the big bourgeoisie in the whole country. The civil war eliminated slavery, thus clearing the way for the rapid development of American capitalism. The implementation of the Homestead Law has accelerated the development of the western region and promoted the victory of the American-style road to the development of agricultural capitalism. Thus, at the end of 19, the United States became the most advanced industrial and agricultural capitalist country in the world. In the reconstruction period after the civil war, blacks were still discriminated against in many aspects and exploited by plantation owners, but they gained civil rights and voting rights politically and were liberated from slavery. Therefore, the American Civil War is of epoch-making significance in the development of American history. The Civil War was the second bourgeois revolution in American history. Although the number of casualties exceeded 600 thousand, it solved the land problem of citizens and developed the wasteland in the west. Most of the developed land in the west has become an industrial center, which has safeguarded national unity, cleared the way for the accelerated development of American capitalism and laid the foundation for the United States to rank among the world powers.

Limitations:

Lincoln abolished slavery only in the southern rebel States. Although these blacks have been liberated, they have not obtained the same rights as whites, and the problem of blacks still exists.

It has been very detailed, I hope you are satisfied and wish the speech a success!

References:

/view/ 149004.htm