Introduction to the history, culture and city of Marseille, France

Marseille [1] is the second largest city and the third largest metropolitan area in France. It is located on the Mediterranean coast and originally belonged to Provence. It is the largest commercial port in France and the largest commercial port in the Mediterranean. Marseille is the capital of Provence, a place that petty bourgeoisie all over the world yearn for.

Marseille port is divided into old port and new port. The old port is in the harbor of the city, and now it has become a marina for yachts. In the west of the city, Xingang District is the second largest port in Europe, second only to Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

Area: 240.62 square kilometers

Location: Located on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, 836 kilometers northwest of Paris and 350 kilometers away from Lyon.

Terrain: The hills of Marseille are surrounded by limestone hills on three sides. In the southeast of the Mediterranean, the water is deep and wide, there are no rapids and rapids, and the 10,000-ton ship can be unimpeded. The Rhone River and flat valleys in the west are connected with northern Europe. The geographical location is unique.

Population: 1, 623,720 (2008)

Population density: 3,436 people/km2.

Residents: The population of Marseille has always been mixed, with residents from the Mediterranean and Europe, as well as residents from Africa. Nearly 25% of Marseille's population is of North African origin, mostly Algerians and Tunisia people. According to the estimation of demographers, Marseille will become the first Muslim-majority city in Europe in the near future. Its Jewish community is the third largest in Europe.

Language: French

Telephone number: 0033 (0)4

Current mayor: Jean-Claude Godingen-Claude Gaudin.

Postal code: 1300 1 Zhuan 130 16.

Latitude: 43 degrees north latitude 17'5 1 "

Longitude: 5 degrees 22'38 "E.

Average elevation: 12m.

Altitude: the lowest is 0 and the highest is 640 meters [edit this paragraph]. Marseille in history was established as a trading port by Fukaan in Greece in 600 BC, and it was named Massalia (Massalia; ; See the list of traditional Greek place names). It is arguably the oldest city in France. It was ravaged by Celts and later conquered by ancient Rome. In ancient Rome, it was called Massilia. It was incorporated into Roman territory in the first century BC, then almost disappeared, and 10 century rose again. 1832, the port throughput was the third largest port in the world after London and Liverpool. 1792 During the French Revolution, Marseilles marched into Paris singing "Battle Hymn of the Rhine", and their passionate songs inspired people to fight for freedom. This song later became the national anthem of France and was called "La Marseillaise". 1934, Alexander I of Yugoslavia arrived at the port and met with French Foreign Minister Louis Bardu. There, he was stabbed to death by Frada Geoff. The assassin was angry at Alexander's refusal to recognize Croatia as an independent country. During World War II, French warships gathered in the harbor refused to yield to Nazi Germany and all died heroically. Marseille once again shocked the world. [Edit this paragraph] The economy is the second largest city and the largest seaport in France. Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the city has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. The southeast of Marseille is close to the Mediterranean Sea, with a wide water surface, no rapids and rapids, and the 10,000-ton ship can be unimpeded; The Rhone River and the flat valley in the west are connected with northern Europe, and their geographical position is unique. Hong Kong is composed of Marseille, Ravela, Forsyth and Rhone Saint Louis, with an annual freight volume of 65,438+billion tons, making it the largest gateway to French foreign trade. Marseille is an important industrial center in France, where 40% of France's oil processing industry is concentrated. There are four large refineries in Faust-Talbot area, which can handle 45 million tons of oil every year. Marseille's ship repair industry is also quite developed, and the ship repair volume accounts for 70% of the national industry. There are 10 docks in Xingang District, of which the pier 10 is 465 meters long, 65 meters wide and1~12.5 meters deep, which can repair the world's largest ship-800,000-ton oil tanker.

Marseille receives more than 3 million tourists every year and is one of the cities with the most tourists in France. [Edit this paragraph] Cultural French national anthem "La Marseillaise" is named after Marseille volunteers.

The widely circulated tarot card comes from Marseille, also known as Marseille tarot card.

1On April 24th, 792, the French national anthem "La Marseillaise" was composed in Husstrasbourg. Its original name was Warsong of the Rhine Army, and the author was only an amateur musician.

At that time, France was at war with Austria, and French soldiers were very brave under the inspiration of La Marseillaise. There was once a bandleader who praised: "La Marseillaise is as powerful as a cannon." This song soon spread widely. Volunteers in Marseille like it very much. 1792 This song was sung when they marched into Paris during the French Revolution. So the Parisians called this song "Ode to Marseilles" and later called it "La Marseillaise".

On July 1795, La Marseillaise became the national anthem of France. From 1880, during the National Day military parade on July 14, "La Marseillaise" was played.

The Marseillaise originally had six lyrics, and the seventh and last paragraphs (not written by Rouge de Lear) were added later. Traditionally, the French national anthem used in public places only uses 1 and 6 paragraphs. [Edit this paragraph] Administrative Marseille is divided into 16 municipal districts, and then divided into11quarter. Every two such districts form a district, and eight districts have a parliament and a city hall, just like those in Paris and Lyon.

Municipal elections are held by departments. Each district elects its own councillors (303 in total), one third of whom are city councillors. [Edit this paragraph] antonin Aalto (1897-1948), writer.

Maurice Behar (born in 1927) is a ballet dancer.

Jean-Henri Gulgaode (1746-1809), actor.

Desire Clary (1777-1860), wife of King Charles XIV of Sweden.

Adolf thiers (1797-1877), the third French president.

Etienne Joseph Louis Gagnaire-Pages (180 1 year-1841year), politician.

Honoré Daumier (1808-1879), cartoonist and painter.

Joseph autran (18 13-1877) is a poet.

Olivier Emile Olivier (Olivier? Miller Olivier) (1825-19 13), a politician.

Joseph Puyol (1857-1945), actor.

Edmund Rastander (1868-19 18) is a poet and playwright.

Vincent Scotto (1876-1952) is a guitarist and composer.

Fenander (1903-197 1 year) was an actor.

Eliane Browne-Bartroli (1917-1944), French Resistance Army, Croix de Guerre.

Louis jourdan (born in 19 19) is an actor.

Jean Pierre Rampal (1922 -2000) is a flute player.

Jean-Claude Izzo is a writer.

Football player Zidane (born in 1972) travels in 1, Ifu [edit this paragraph].

In Dumas' novel The Count of Monte Cristo, the convenient place for holding the Count of Monte Cristo is Yves Castle on Ivo Island, which is actually used as a prison for holding many political prisoners. With a novel in one hand, tourists explore along the road described in the book, which makes them feel interesting. Mirabeau, the early leader of the French Revolution, was also imprisoned here for his bad conduct when he was young. You can go to the island by boat from the old port.

2. Notre Dame de Jared

Turn left from quai de Rive Neuve in the old port, then walk up the ramp for about 20 minutes to reach Jared Notre Dame de Paris. There are many model boats in Notre Dame, praying for safe navigation. At the same time, there is also a bullet hole wall left by the Germans against the British and American Coalition forces during World War II. From here, you can see the whole city of Marseilles and the Mediterranean scenery. Facing the sunset, it is easy to think of North Africa. You can walk here, or take bus No.60 from the station near Lipnon pier.

3. Marseille Art Museum

Eckerd is on display at Marseille Art Museum, which is rare in Paris. 6? 1 Provence works. For example, the works of Marseille, Marseille painter Montessori and Piche, which were hit by the plague, are impressive. In addition, the ancient Marseille Museum, which displays Marseille customs, traditions and folk handicrafts, can also arouse people's interest. If you visit the Marseilles History Museum, you will be exposed to the ancient history of Marseilles from its birth in 600 BC to the 4th century, which is very helpful to understand the process of Arab civilization crossing the sea.