The Influence of American War of Independence and Civil War on American Economic Development

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Problem description:

Through the American War of Independence and the American Civil War, about 500 concise answers are needed to analyze the reasons for the strong economic development in the United States. Thank you.

Analysis:

The War of Independence is a just war of the North American people against British colonial rule and for national independence. It is both a national liberation movement and a bourgeois revolutionary war. The result of the war was to destroy the British colonial shackles, win the independence of the country, and open the way for the development of American capitalism. At the same time, it promoted the revolutions in Europe and America, especially the bourgeois revolution in France.

The nature of the civil war is bourgeois revolution, and it is not difficult to draw a conclusion from the causes of the war. Because the War of Independence was the first bourgeois revolution and the Civil War was the second bourgeois revolution in American history. By analyzing the causality of war, we can get the function of war, that is, the cause of war is the abolition of black slavery, and the end of war is the abolition of black plantation slavery, which hinders the development of capitalist economy and creates conditions for the development of American capitalist economy.

Economic development of the north and south of the United States after independence

After independence, the United States rapidly expanded its territory through war, armed subversion or low-cost redemption. For example, in 1803, the United States bought the French Louisiana colony in North America from French Napoleon * * * for only150,000 dollars. This area includes Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Louisiana and other 12 states. 18 10 and 18 18, the United States invaded the Spanish colony of Florida twice, and gradually seized west Florida and east Florida. Then, America began to plunder Mexico. First, he planned the American immigrant riots in Texas, Mexico, established the country, and then merged into the United States; It also launched a direct war against Mexico and seized a large area of Mexican land in California, including Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The United States paid Mexico a small sum of money to show that it was not a robbery, but a purchase. During this period, Mexico lost nearly half of its land. In the north, 1846, the United States threatened war, forcing Britain to give up Oregon south of 49 degrees north latitude. Later 1867, the United States bought Alaska and Aleutian Islands from Russia for $7.2 million. In short, by the middle of the19th century, the territory of the United States had expanded from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. Before the outbreak of the civil war, the territory of the United States had reached 7.77 million square kilometers, while 1783 was 2.05 million square kilometers when the United States became independent. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, the industrial revolution began in the United States. By the middle of 19, the industrial development level of the United States was second only to Britain, France and Germany, ranking fourth in the world. Industrial production in the United States is mainly concentrated in the north and northwest. At that time, 85% of the total number of factories in China was in the north, and the proportion of industrial investment, the number of employees and the total industrial output value in the north also accounted for 90.5%, 965, 438+0.5% and 92% respectively. At the same time, the capitalist agriculture in this area has also developed greatly, and many large capitalist farms have appeared. /kloc-In the mid-0/9th century, machines have been used in farmland, where sowing, harvesting and threshing are carried out, and the productivity level is very high. However, slave plantation economy is very popular in the southern United States. At the end of 18, due to low economic benefit, high cost and unprofitable, slave plantations have gone into decline. 1793, American Whitney invented the cotton gin, which is a very important invention. After the cotton gin was invented, it was driven by a steam engine, and the cottonseed removal efficiency increased by 1000 times. At that time, due to the rapid development of textile industry in Europe and northern America after the industrial revolution, the demand for cotton surged, making it profitable for slave plantations to grow cotton, and slave plantations flourished again. On the eve of the civil war, there were 15 slave-holding states in the south, with more than 4 million slaves, mainly producing cotton, most of which were exported to Britain and western European countries. Due to the different economic interests, the contradiction between North and South has become increasingly acute. On the one hand, the north needs to master the market in the south and sell industrial products produced in the north. At the same time, it is also necessary to use raw materials such as cotton in the south. Moreover, the capitalists in the north hope to liberate the slaves, expand the free labor force, improve the treatment of blacks, and make them afford the products produced in the north. However, plantation owners in the south want to import cheap British goods and are more willing to sell cotton abroad to earn more income. At the same time, they also hope to have more slaves and develop more plantations.