Australia is the flag picture of which country?

Australia, the full name is The Commonwealth of Australia. Its territory covers an area of ??7,686,850 square kilometers and is surrounded by sea. It is the only country in the world that covers the entire continent. Australia, which has many unique flora, fauna and natural landscapes, is a country of immigrants that pursues multiculturalism.

It was a British colony from 1788 to 1900. In 1901, colonial rule ended and it became an independent federal state. The word Australia means "Southern Continent". When Europeans discovered this continent in the early 17th century, they mistakenly thought it was a piece of land leading directly to Antarctica, so they named it "Australia". Australia is derived from the Latin terraaustralis (land of the south). Comes with changes.

Australia is a highly developed capitalist country. As the most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere, the 12th largest economy in the world, and the fourth largest exporter of agricultural products in the world, it is also the world's largest exporter of various minerals, so it is called "the country sitting on the mine cart." At the same time, Australia is also the country with the largest number of sheep and wool exports in the world. It is also known as the "country riding on the sheep's back". Australia's population is highly urbanized, with nearly half of its citizens living in Sydney and Melbourne. Many cities across the country have been rated as one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports powerhouse, hosting many global sports events all year round. Today, Australia actively participates in international affairs and is a member of the United Nations, the Group of 20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum.

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The China-South Korea and China-Australia Free Trade Agreements came into effect on December 20, 2015-12-09 16:04

On the afternoon of the 9th, the Ministry of Commerce Vice Minister Wang Shouwen and South Korean Ambassador to China Kim Jang-soo exchanged diplomatic notes at the Ministry of Commerce. China and South Korea jointly confirmed that the Free Trade Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Korea will officially come into effect on December 20, 2015. The first tax reduction, and the second tax reduction on January 1, 2016. ...Details

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Chinese name

Australian Commonwealth

English name

The Commonwealth of Australia

Abbreviation

Australia, Australia

State

Oceania

Capital

Canberra

Main cities

Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, Darwin, Hobart, Adelaide, etc.

National Day

January 26

National Anthem

"Advance Australia Fair"

Country Code

AUS

English

Currency

Australian Dollar

Time Zone

UTC+8 to UTC+ 10 (Daylight Saving Time: UTC+8 to UTC+11)

Political System

Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy

National Leader

Governor-General : Peter Cosgrove, Prime Minister: Malcolm Turnbull

Population

24 million (estimated in 2013)

Population Density

p>

2.91 people/square kilometer

Main ethnic groups

White, Australian Aboriginal[1]?

Main religion

Anglican Church, Catholic

Land area

7,617,930 square kilometers (sixth in the world)

Water area rate

0.897%

Total GDP

1.561 trillion U.S. dollars (2013, international exchange rate)[2]?

GDP per capita

67,488 U.S. dollars (2013, international exchange rate) Exchange rate)[2]?

International telephone area code

+61

International domain name abbreviation

.au

Road access

Drive on the left

State structure

Federalism

The largest city

Sydney< /p>

Central Bank

Federal Reserve Bank of Australia

Gini Coefficient

0.305

Human Development Index

0.933 (No. 2 in the world, extremely high, 2014)

Date of establishment of diplomatic relations

December 21, 1972

First discoverer

William Janes

History

Australia

Australia

The original meaning of the word Asia is " "Australia" comes from the Latin terraaustralis (land of the south).

As early as 40,000 years ago, Aboriginal people lived and multiplied on this land in Australia. The total number of Australian Aboriginal residents was 413,000 (data from the 2001 census).

In 1606, the Spanish navigator Luis Vaez de Torres's ship sailed through the strait between Australia and New Guinea (Irian Island); in the same year, the Dutchman William Jane's Du The Duyfken set foot in Australia and was the first recorded real landing of aliens in Australia, naming the place "New Netherlands". In 1770, the British navigator Captain James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia, named it "New South Wales", and declared this land to belong to the United Kingdom.

The British first used Australia as a place to exile prisoners. On January 18, 1788, a fleet of six ships led by Captain Phillip arrived in Botany Bay, Australia, with 1,530 people, including 736 prisoners. Eight days later, on January 26, 1788, they officially established the first British colonial area in Port Jackson, Australia. This place later became Australia's largest city, Sydney, as its population continued to grow. The name commemorated that time. British Home Secretary Sydney. January 26 each year later became Australia's National Day (AustraliaDay).

In 1790, the first group of freedmen from Britain immigrated to Australia, with Sydney as the center and gradually developing inland. By 1803, the colonial area had expanded to today's Tasmania. Australia's earliest inhabitants were Aboriginal people.

In 1770, British navigator James Cook arrived on the east coast of Australia and declared that Britain occupied this land.

On January 26, 1788, the first batch of British prisoners exiled to Australia arrived at Sydney Bay, and Britain began to establish a colony in Australia. Later, this day was designated as Australia Day.

In 1900, residents of all six colonies held a one-person, one-vote referendum to decide whether to unify the six colonies into a federal country. The result of the vote was that the six places should be unified and establish a federal state. The unitary Commonwealth of Australia. In July, the British Parliament passed the "Australian Commonwealth Constitution" and the "British Dominion Ordinance".

On January 1, 1901, the colonial areas in Australia were changed into states, and the six colonial areas were unified into a federation, forming the Federation of Australia. At the same time, the first constitution was adopted.

In 1927, the capital of Australia was moved to Canberra. In 1931, the British Parliament passed the Act of Westminster, which gave Australia independence in domestic and foreign affairs and became an independent country in the Commonwealth.

In 1931, Australia became an independent country within the British Commonwealth. In 1986, the British Parliament passed the "Relationship with Australia Act", and Australia gained full legislative power and final judicial power. [3]?

In the 1850s, gold mines were discovered in New South Wales and Victoria. A large number of gold prospectors from Europe, America and China flocked here. Australia's population surged from 400,000 in 1850 to 1.1 million in 1860. Subsequently, many important gold mines were discovered one by one, and a large number of mineral deposits were discovered. These discoveries made Australia rapidly rich and developed.

Geographical environment editor

Location

Australia is located between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean. It consists of the Australian mainland and Tasmania and other islands. Overseas territories. It borders the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea of ??the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas to the west, north and south. It is the only country in the world that occupies a continent.

Terrain

Australia’s terrain is very unique

Australia map - the latest erlinyou version

Colorful. Eastern mountains, central plains, and western plateaus. The highest peak in the country, Mount Kosciuszko, is 2,228 meters above sea level. Near the sea, there is a narrow beach with a gentle slope, gently sloping to the west, gradually becoming a plain. The coastal area is full of wide sandy beaches and lush vegetation, and the terrain there is diverse: to the west of Sydney, there are the cliffs of the Blue Mountains, to the north of Brisbane, the tall, graceful and eroded Glasshouse Mountains volcanic neck, while the south coast west of Adelaide is a flat wilderness.

Most of Australia, about 70%, is arid or semi-arid, and most of the central area is uninhabitable. Australia has 11 large deserts, which cover about 20% of the entire continent. Due to very little rainfall, more than 1/3 of the continent is covered by desert. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. The central depression and western plateau are deserts with a dry climate. Lake Eyre in the central part is the lowest point in Australia, with the lake level 16 meters below sea level. There are only 260,000 square kilometers of land that can be used for livestock raising and farming. The coastal zone, especially the southeastern coastal zone, is suitable for living and farming. The hills here are undulating, the water is abundant, and the land is fertile. Except for the south coast, the entire coastal zone forms a "green belt" surrounding the continent. It is this green belt that nurtures the country.

Climate

Australian Climate

Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. Although the time difference between Australia and China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) is only 2-3 hours, the seasons are completely opposite. Summer is from December to February, autumn is from March to May, winter is from June to August, and spring is from September to November. The Australian continent was formed 200 million years ago and has unique geography and characteristics. Australia spans two climate zones. The northern part has a tropical climate. The rainy season is from November to April of the following year, and the dry season is from November to April of the following year. , due to its proximity to the equator, January to February is the typhoon season. Southern Australia has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. The interior of Australia is an uninhabited desert, with drought and little rainfall, high temperatures, and large temperature differences; on the contrary, in the coastal areas, there is abundant rainfall, a humid climate, and an obvious maritime nature.

Hydrology

The Murray River and the Darling River are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two river systems form the Murray-Darling Basin, which covers an area of ??more than 1 million square kilometers, equivalent to 14% of the total continental area. The longest river, the Murray River, is 3,490 miles long. Lake Eyre is a huge salt lake near the center of the continent, covering an area of ??more than 9000k㎡, but it has been dry for a long time.

Australia is the driest continent in the world. Its drinking water mainly comes from natural precipitation and relies on dam storage for water supply. The government strictly prohibits the use of groundwater because once underground water resources are exploited, it is difficult to recover. From 2006 to 2009, the influence of El Ni?o expanded, resulting in a significant decrease in rainfall. Major cities in Australia were generally short of water, and many cities in Australia issued a number of water restriction laws to save water and tide over the drought.

Natural Resources Editor

Minerals

Australia’s Great Barrier Reef

Australia is rich in mineral resources, oil and natural gas. Mineral resources are at least There are more than 70 species. Among them, bauxite reserves rank first in the world, accounting for 35% of the world's total reserves. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite, alumina, diamonds, lead, and tantalum, and its output of gold, iron ore, coal, lithium, manganese ore, nickel, silver, uranium, zinc, etc. also ranks among the top in the world. At the same time, Australia is also the world's largest exporter of bituminous coal, bauxite, lead, diamonds, zinc and concentrates, the second largest exporter of alumina, iron ore and uranium ore, and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold. Proven mineral reserves with economic mining value: about 3.1 billion tons of bauxite, 15.3 billion tons of iron ore, 511 billion tons of bituminous coal, 411 billion tons of lignite, 17.2 million tons of lead, 9 million tons of nickel, and 406 million tons of silver. tons, 18,000 tons of tantalum, 34 million tons of zinc, 610,000 tons of uranium, and 4,404 tons of gold. Australia’s crude oil reserves are 240 billion liters, natural gas reserves are 1.36 trillion cubic meters, and liquefied petroleum gas reserves are 174 billion liters. The forest coverage area accounts for 20% of the country's land. The natural forest area is about 155 million hectares (2\3 is eucalyptus), and the timber forest area is 1.22 million hectares. Known as "the country sitting on the mine cart"

Biology

Australia is known as the "World's Living Fossil Museum". According to statistics, Australia has 12,000 species of plants, 9,000 of which are not found in other countries; there are 650 species of birds, 450 of which are unique to Australia. Most of the world's marsupials, except South America, are found in Australia. Due to its stable environment, Australia has unique ancient biological species that have been preserved during the evolution of the earth. Although they appear primitive, they have become living fossils for humans to study the history of the evolution of the earth.

Emu

The emu is one of the animals that appears on the Australian national emblem. It is a large bird whose flight function has been degraded. It is the largest bird in Australia, the emu. It is one of the largest land birds in the world and one of the oldest bird species in the world. It is the only remaining species in the family Emu, order Crassus.

Koala

Also known as koala or koala, it is one of Australia’s unique animals. It is not only Australia’s national treasure, but also Australia’s unique and precious primitive arboreal animal. , belongs to the marsupial family Koalaidae among mammals, and is distributed in the eucalyptus forest area in southeastern Australia. There is a koala sanctuary in Melbourne, and there is also a koala sanctuary one thousand meters away from Brisbane. You can only hold koalas in the koala sanctuary in Brisbane. Although there are many eucalyptus trees in the Blue Mountains, you can't see them with just your eyes. If you are in Qing Dynasty, it is recommended to bring binoculars so that you may see koalas. In fact, it’s pretty good that you can see the koala moving. The koala is hugging the tree like this, it's such a cute thing. Remember: Never disturb them!

Platypus

An Australian monotreme mammal, the platypus is the animal that appears on the Australian 20-cent coin. They are distributed between Cape York in eastern Australia and South Australia. , also found in Tasmania.

Wood moth larvae

This white, high-protein snack is actually the larvae of a moth. It is an important insect dish in the Australian desert and was once a staple food for local Aboriginal people. staple food.

Kangaroo

Native to mainland Australia and parts of Papua New Guinea. Some species are unique to Australia. All Australian kangaroos, except those in zoos and wildlife parks, live in the wild. Different species of kangaroos live in a variety of natural environments across Australia, from cool-climate rainforests and desert plains to tropical areas.

All kangaroos, regardless of size, have one thing in common: strong and powerful hind legs with long legs. Kangaroo jumps instead of running. It can jump up to 4 meters and as far as 13 meters. It can be said to be the highest and farthest jumping mammal.

Hare

There were no rabbits in Australia. In 1788, with the British fleet that first settled Australia, dozens of rabbits were transported to Australia, initially as cultured food meat. After the introduction, some wealthy people released rabbits into nature for hunting, allowing the rabbits to escape to the grasslands and breed rapidly. In 1950, the number of rabbits in Australia was estimated to be 600 million. They destroyed vegetation, caused soil erosion, and faced long-term damage to grasslands and livestock industries. Australia has used various methods to reduce the number of rabbits. In 1991, the number of rabbits in Australia dropped to approximately 300 million.