Jianning immigrants nan' an

Empty city plan-covering up a weak defense with a bold front

Capture and release seven times

Eight sides fortress

Borrow an arrow with a grass boat

Your three tricks up your sleeve

Aggressive methods (Zhuge Liang's plan to anger Zhou Yu)

Encircle Wei to save Zhao (save Jiangdong with a piece of paper)

Ambush on all sides-Kong Ming ambushed Zhang Ren.

The plan of doubting soldiers-Kong Ming is better than Cao Cao.

Divide and Rule —— Kongming Pingwu Road, Anju

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times.

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province. Zhuge Liang fought in the north, captured Meng Huo seven times and pacified the south.

Chapter 90 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms drives back Dashan, destroys barbarians, burns rattan armour and captures Meng Huo.

Suddenly a man said to Meng Huo, "The Prime Minister is ashamed and doesn't want to see the public. I was ordered to let the public go back and recruit people to win the battle. You can go quickly today. " Meng Huo cried, "There is no such thing as seven captures and seven verticals. Although I am a foreigner, I know a lot of etiquette. Are you so shameless? " So he, his brother and his wife, who lived in the party, knelt under their tents and said, "Prime Minister Tianwei, southerners will never rebel again!" " Zhuge Liang said, "Do you accept it now?" He cried and thanked him and said, "A son, a son and a grandson all feel burdened with the grace of a generation. They are too content to accept it!" " Kong Ming invited Meng Huo to pay the bill and hold a banquet to celebrate, thus making him an eternal cave owner. All confiscated land will be returned. Meng Huozong and all the barbarians were impressed and jumped away happily. Later generations wrote a poem praising Kong Ming, saying, "Feather fan and black silk scarf hold a blue building, and seven tricks are used to make barbarian king. So far, Dong Xichuan Wade, in order to choose a temple on the plateau. "

Huarong ancient road

In 208 AD, after Cao Cao captured Jingzhou, he led more than 200,000 amphibious troops down the river. It is planned to eliminate Liu Bei and Sun Quan in one fell swoop and realize the grand aspiration of reunifying the whole country. However, he was carried away by victory, arrogant and despised the enemy. As a result, Sun Liu's allied troops set fire to Chibi and fled hastily, defeating Huarong Road.

What is Huarong Road? According to the annotation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, it is "from this way, Huarong can be reached". Huarong mentioned here, of course, refers to Huarong County. Huarong Road is also the route that Cao Jun fled to Huarong County after fleeing to Huarong County in Chibi War. GuHuarong County is near Zhoulaozui, about 60 miles north of Jianli County. If you draw a straight line from the Wulin where Cao Cao sent troops to Nanjun, the destination where Cao Cao fled, Huarong City is in the center of this straight line. In order to escape back to Jiangling, Cao chose Huarong County as the shortest route. Moreover, there was a grain warehouse in Cao Jun near Huarong County at that time, which was convenient for withdrawing troops to replenish grain.

Because of this ancient swamp lake barrier. There is no straight road from Wulin to Huarong City. Jun can only flee to the west along the river, enter Huarong County, and then turn northwest to Huarong County. In this way, it is necessary to wade through a swamp on the edge of osawa. According to county records, when Cao Cao fled to Taiping Bridge, his men got stuck in the mud and had to throw away the whip, dismount and walk. There is still an ancient place name "Caobian Port" here. Twenty miles from Qubian Port to Maojiakou, "the road is narrow, dangerous and bumpy", and Cao Jun is "blocked by mud", which means that soldiers cut reeds and wormwood to fill the road. "If you win, you will be trampled in the mud and many people will die."

Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, passed by the road for six years (1 170). He wrote: "Nature is uninhabited, and the two sides are eagerly looking forward to it, which is called a hundred miles shortage." The boatman said, "Since then, the evil river has been blocked and tigers and wolves have appeared. I don't know what to do, I will be hurt by my husband. " 960 years after Cao Cao's defeat, Huarong Road is still so desolate, and the hardships and embarrassment of Cao Jun at that time can be imagined.

The real development of Huarong Road began in Yuan Dynasty. Today's Huarong Road can't see the desolation of the past at all, with trees on both sides of the road and fertile fields everywhere. When the rice is fragrant, the lotus blooms. In the evening, smoke rises into the air, showing a scene of a plain water town.

Fengjie Bai Di City-Liu Bei Orphan Water Eight Arrays.

The Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum is located in Baidicheng, the first gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, with a long history and beautiful scenery. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, added infinite charm to this place. Wang Chaowen, a famous aesthete and honorary chairman of China Artists Association, wrote the name of the Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum. The Three Gorges Wood and Stone Art Museum shows nearly 100 gloomy three Gorges woodcarving stones that Mr. Wei Jingyu, honorary curator of fengjie county Baidicheng Museum in Chongqing, pursues the beauty of nature and drinks the source of nature. Wandering among them, you may realize the true meaning of nature and life.

Baidigao is a small town of Three Gorges! It's another poem by Du Fu, which tells that the shape of Baidicheng, located on the north side of Kuimen, is better than that of Sichuan and Hubei. Later, there was a famous sentence by a poet in the Qing Dynasty: "Bayu was made in the west, and Jingchu was above Dongyue", which also had a dignified bearing. As a military defense, Baidicheng has a vast territory and a long history. It was the first century A.D. (the end of the Western Han Dynasty). Gongsun Shu, according to Shu, claimed to be "Bai Di" and built a city here. After his death, he left a memorial temple on Mount Bai Di, which is the Bai Di Temple we are visiting now. Two hundred years after Gongsun Shu, another famous historical figure, Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, defeated Wu Bing, retreated to Baidicheng and died in Yong 'an Palace. Before he died, he entrusted state affairs (half of the country) and family affairs (only orphans are alive) to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. This is China's famous "Liu Bei entrust an orphan".

The existing Bai Di Temple is built in the Qing Dynasty, such as Liang Mingtang, Wuhou Temple, Tuogu Hall and Xingsu Pavilion. , promoting historical celebrities related to "trusting orphans" in many ways. More than 70 precious stone carvings from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty will be collected in the East and West Forest of Steles. Mo Bao, the leader of the Party and state and a famous contemporary painter and calligrapher, is displayed in the history of poetry. The cultural relics room, which is based on Daxi culture, shows the richness of unearthed cultural relics in this area in a general historical order. The West Pavilion halfway up the mountain is a place to commemorate Du Fu. Du Fu stayed in Fengjie for less than two years, but left more than 400 beautiful poems, accounting for two-seventh of Du Fu's poems. Looking out of the window, we saw the magnificent scene of "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river running", and suddenly we felt a high-spirited passion.

Shuiba town

On the north bank of the Yangtze River, about six miles east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province, it is said that Zhuge Liang once built an eight-array map on the dam, commonly known as the "water eight-array map". On the array map, there are eight rows of stone bases, two feet apart, and there are sixty-four bases.

The rationality of Zhuge Liang's empty plan

It is too small to regard the empty city plan as a gamble between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.

Neither the arrangement in advance nor the changes afterwards have been considered too much. It is difficult to see the whole picture just by burning incense and playing the piano. From Chapter 95 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost the street pavilion, and the marquis of Wu played the piano and retired", we can find out what facts speak louder than words, instead of guessing what is possible or how we should feel.

When Zhuge Liang learned that Jieting and Lieliucheng had fallen, he was preparing for the retreat of the Northern Expeditionary Army. So from the beginning, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao were arranged to lead 3,000 chosen men to Wugong Mountain. Yi Cheung was ready to return in advance, and then ordered Ma Dai and Jiang Wei to prepare an ambush behind the house. Finally, he immigrated to Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties, and officials, soldiers and civilians all entered Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang personally led five thousand soldiers and horses to transport grain, and the arrangement of these grain shipments was the beginning of the planned sequence of sending troops.

Regrettably, there are always people who mistakenly think that Zhuge Liang is just going to fight against Sima Yi with an empty city, or that he is forced to fight unprepared. In fact, little is known about Zhuge Liang's prior distribution arrangements. Only when there is an ambush in advance can you dare to show doubt, which is very different from betting on luck without preparation in advance. Always speculating about Sima Yi's "protecting the enemy" or Zhuge Liang's "sweating adventure", it is better to seriously implement the "cause and effect" of the incident and make a more specific basis instead of falling into fantasy chaos.

Zhuge Liang is an expert in luring the enemy into the eyes of Wei Jun officers and men who have been repeatedly burned in Wang Bo and scared to death by water. Moreover, Wei Jun has always been good at luring soldiers. In the early years, Lu Bu was lured by the battle of Puyang, and Wen Chou was lured by the battle of Guandu. Wei Jun already knew what would happen if he was lured by greedy bait-he sacrificed heroically to fight the wounded. Zhuge Liang held high the banner of the Northern Expedition and assembled an army to attack. Whether it is to move the residents of the three counties or to rescue the generals of the Shu army, it will not be a small activity, which is unknown. Even if Sima Yi didn't know the actual situation of Shu soldiers, he could know that Shu soldiers had moved on a large scale. But Sima Yi and other Wei Jun saw the Shu army in front of Xicheng without any big rules and regulations. How can these Shu soldiers disappear? Where are the Shu soldiers who fought for defense? Could it be an ambush for the attack? Is Zhuge Liang going to lure Wei Jun into the city to die a few decoys, and take Zhuge Liang as the supreme commander of the Shu army? Who dares to take it lightly?

No matter how bold Sima Yi is, it is necessary to find out whether Zhuge Liang's generals Guan Xing, Zhang Bao, Ma Dai, Wei Yan, etc. are all gathered in Xicheng to die, or are they hiding aside and waiting for an opportunity? Or judge that all the Shu generals have fled, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. He has no Shu generals in his eyes, unless Sima Yi proudly gambles and admits that he has caught his ministers without an escort corps. If this is not luck, Zhuge Liang will set a trap to lure the soldiers into the urn. Sima Yi didn't believe the sentry's information at first, and after personally exploring the enemy for verification, he took cautious measures. First retreat, then slow down Xu Tu: if there is an ambush, then retreat; If there is no ambush, there will be another war. Shortly after Sima Yi returned to Xicheng, asking local residents about the actual situation of the Shu army, we can know that Sima Yi did make a comeback in military action, instead of scaring Chang 'an all the way, as some people said. "Take a step back first, keep a safe distance, and then think of some way to, rather than scared and fled.

Later, on the path of Wugong Mountain, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao shouted in the valley, and Wei Jun became suspicious. How dare they stop for long? Ye Zhen was greedy and caught halfway. Jiang Wei and Ma Dai, who were assigned by Zhuge Liang in advance, stopped them and had to lead troops to flee. Sima Yi would have ended up in Cao Zhen if she hadn't left early. With Sima Yi's withdrawal, Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to withdraw from Hanzhong. There was a "distribution arrangement" in advance and an "ambush war" afterwards, which led Zhuge Liang to set up an empty city to trap Sima Yi with a leisurely mood.

The official history quoted three things about Guo Chong in Zhu Pei, which was about Zhuge Liang's empty plan.

Pei Songzhi has refuted the occurrence time, geographical location, offensive and defensive situation and etiquette of the empty city plan, so what Guo Chong said is not true. Sima yi is still the governor of Jingzhou (that is, Zhou Yu's generation can't be a post), and in Wancheng, he doesn't have time to go north to the street pavilion to face Zhuge Liang. Time and space are no longer consistent. Guo Chong said that Sima Yi led 200,000 troops, Zhuge Liang only kept 10,000 Shu soldiers, and the rest were handed over to Wei Yan. Sima Yi has an advantage of 20 1, so there is no need to be afraid. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that there are only150,000 soldiers in Wei Jun, 2,500 in Zhuge Liang, and 2,500 in Shu, while 3,000 in Guan Xing and 3,000 in Zhang Bao. There are already 1 1000 here, as well as Zhang Yi, Jiang Wei and Ma Dai. If you count the remnants of Wang Ping, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Shen Dan and Shen Yi in Jieting battlefield, plus Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi's Ji Gu suspected troops, I'm afraid it's a serenade. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang led more than 300,000 soldiers, and the Northern Expeditionary Army of Shu soldiers was able to disturb the personal expedition. The size and strength of the army should not be underestimated.

According to "Han Jin Chun Qiu", Zhuge Liang claimed: "There are many soldiers and thieves in Qishan and Jigu, but they can't break thieves. If a thief breaks it, the disease is not in a serenade, but in a person's ear. That is, there are more Shu soldiers than Wei soldiers, not Wei soldiers than Shu soldiers. If Sima Yi's army is outnumbered, why should we care about just 10,000 Shu soldiers? In fact, Zhuge Liang did not dare to explore the North with only 10,000 people. Even if it's a southern expedition, it's not just ten thousand people. How can the Northern Expedition only use 10,000 people? Sima Yi's goal is not only Zhuge Liang's direct team, but the entire Northern Expedition Army. No matter how many people there are, they are not afraid of traps. In the Battle of Changping in the Warring States Period, although more than 400,000 people died, Zhao was trapped in a siege and starved, and was finally forced to surrender and was killed. The mountainous terrain around Hanzhong is full of dangers such as patios, dungeons, sinkholes and sky gaps, and obstacles such as caves and jungles are most afraid of being trapped and have no room for escape. The mountain forest is not conducive to the galloping of Wei Jun cavalry, and the pass in the valley also contains the danger of "one-man code is invincible". Although there are many grades, it would be careless to ignore the geographical restrictions.

Zhuge Liang has an army and a favorable geographical position. Sima Yi, like Guo Chong said, has 200,000 troops, but it may not have the upper hand. Moreover, Guo Chong's biggest mistake was to ignore the existence of Shu generals. Sima yi can only calculate the position of the northern expedition generals. In the face of Zhuge Liang's army, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Zhao Yun and Wang Ping could not be seen unless Sima Yi was arrogant. Otherwise, Sima Yi should look closely at whether these Shu soldiers are lying in ambush. Zhuge Liang later made good use of luring soldiers to slay Zhang He, Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and others, which further proved Wei Bing's rash end. He ate the consequences of underestimating his enemy and would be killed and destroyed.

Zhuge Liang's empty city plan did not appear in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the first time after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but in the Notes on the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, the official history, which is more unreasonable than the former. Ironically, the official notes are not credible, while the fictional romance covers everything.

In addition, Zhuge Liang's inventions and creations, such as: Kongming lanterns, herding cattle and horses, etc. There are also stories with his wife, such as Zhuge towel and goose feather fan.